Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shunt Reactor
Know How Session
C JAYASENAN, EMTR STI EN 28th Nov 2017
50MVAr, 420kV 3-ph SHR + NGR –
For PGCIL, India
Topics on Shunt Reactors
υ EM TR India - Factory portfolio, EM TR factory
υ Engineering Function & its process flow, design Tools
υ Classifications of Series & Shunt reactors
υ Shunt reactor – Application, sizing, fundamental equations, core types with airgap
υ Reference Standards on Shunt reactors
υ Operating characteristics of Shunt reactors
υ Salient features of SIEMENS reliable shunt reactors
υ Internal & External parts of shunt reactors
υ Routine & type test of finished shunt reactors and its challenges
υ Design input for shunt reactors – offer preparation
υ Typical - Technical data sheet (GTP) of shunt reactors (for customer review)
υ List of past reference, site photos
υ Future role of Variable shunt reactors
Siemens EM TR - Product
■ Generator Step Up
Transformers Single Phase and 3-Phase
■ Auto Transformers up to 750 MVA / 1200 kV
■ Power Transformers
T ■ Station Transformers
(Multiwinding)
Matrix of
Quality Gate 2.1 Quality
Complexity
& MOC Gate 2.3 &
(MOC)
Document
release
Electrical Data sheet &
Refer to Offer drawing Refer to
design using Electrical design
GTC preparation GTC
Global Tool
Material
MOC ordering
Yes Yes
Score MOC Score
>15? >15?
No No Electrical
design output
Quality Gate 2.2
Material Cost
sheet
preparation
Design review /
customer drawing
approval
Engineering process workflow
Engineering process workflow
Tools in Engineering
Electrical Design Winding Design Mechanical design
Application
⋅ Series reactor -Connected in series to limit system fault current of system
⋅ Shunt reactor - Connected across ph-N or ph-ph for compensation of
capacitive current
⋅ Neutral earthing reactors – Neutral of power system to limit to line to
earth fault current to a desired value
Construction
⋅ Air core reactor
⋅ Gapped core reactor
⋅ With or without tapping
Few Application of Series Reactor
Generator Line series reactor
To limit short circuit withstand capacity of
generator before its feeder lines.
Synchronizing reactor
Enables expansion of a system by
sectionalizing the existing bus and tying all
the bus sections through reactors to a
common bus, Found in large industrial
power plants.
Motor Starting Reactors
Used when it is necessary to reduce the
starting current of AC motor so that system
disturbances are reduced.
Few Application of Series Reactor
Damping Reactor
Used to limit high transient inrush current
flowing into capacitor bank when they
are switched in. It also suppresses
harmonics. It is connected in series with
capacitors.
Smoothing Reactor
To filter out all harmonics present in DC
system. It can be HV DC or Low Voltage
DC to limit transient over current
Application of Shunt Reactor
Maintaining grid voltage within limits compatible with the systems insulation
level under normal service conditions. (Lightly loaded condition)
• Taking care
Reactors forof medium
switching transients.
and high voltage networks improve the
stability and efficiency of power transmission
Voltage increase at line end (low-load)
P2, Q 2
U1 Q U2
Voltage profile at no or low load (P2),”Ferranti effect”
1,0 pu
U1 U2
Shunt reactor stabilize system voltage
P2, Q 2
Q
U1 U2
Voltage profile at no or low load (P2), with connected SR
1,0 pu
U1 U2
P2, Q 2
U1 Q U2
Voltage profile at no or low load (P2), with connected SR
1,0 pu
U1 U2
(R) + X
P2, Q 2
U1 U2
Q
Increased load (P2), voltage profile with connected SR
1,0 pu
U1 U2
Reactor rating
Inductance “L” calculation
Rated reactance Xr (rated inductance Lr)
Reactance specified at rated voltage and rated frequency in ohms per phase.
It is derived from rated power and rated voltage.
e.g. 75MVAr 500kV 3-ph Shunt reactor operating at 50Hz.
U 2
500 kV 2
Xr < r
< < 3333 .3Ζς / Phase ∴
Sr 75 MVAr
X r < 2 √ ο √ f √ Lr
- limited linearity If
- high weight
w
application in high current coil
reactors for industrial rectifier
B
transformers
AFe
Inductivity: L < w 2 √ λFe √
l Fe
Basic Design
– Iron core reactor with air gaps
AFe
Inductivity: L ≡ w √ λ0 √
2
lχ
Why core pockets needed?
Inductance If
l1
AFe
L < w √ λ0 √
2
l2 w
lair l3
coil
l4
l air < l1 ∗ l 2 ∗ l 3 ∗ l 4 B
Page 25
Neutral connection of SHR
single-phase transformers;
single-phase transformers shunt reactors; HVDC
shunt reactors
Types of three phase cores
3/0 3/2
Core packets
iron core
distance disk
(ceramic)
clamping bandage
radial lamination
radial laminated stack with air gaps
Standard on Reactors
National and International standard on reactors
If not important [from system point of view], customer can opt for lower value
of zero sequence impedance.
Then 3 limbed core (without return limb) can be used for 3-phase reactors.
But for single phase reactor, Zo/Zp is 1.0
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Dielectric withstand of shunt reactors
Winding and main insulation structures of reactors do not differ significantly
from those of power transformers.
Line end are either at top yoke or centre are designed similar to transformers
Insulation structure & clearance are considered based dielectric and magnetic
considerations using proven global design tools.
Linear relationship
between applied
voltage and reactor
current
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Non-linear magnetic property (V-I curve)
Transformer Academy
November 17 Page 39
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Harmonic current
In the reactor neutral the third harmonics in the three phases add together and
act like a zero sequence current.
Part of Gapped
structure
Core Shunt
3.Tank & Cover Reactor
4.Conservator
1
5.Cooler
5 3
2
6.Bushings
Major external accessories of SHR
expertise
Resin impregnated
core packets
Stringent
manufacturing
tolerances
Robust clamping
arrangement
Resin Impregnated core packets
It is necessary to design the core parts so that they are strong, stiff and
sufficiently pre-stresses to handle the force without excessive strain or
displacement of the parts.
Tests on finished shunt reactors - Routine
U1 U2
U1 U2 U1 U2
Q2
100
1) Without compensation
1)
50 2) With a fixed shunt
3)
0 reactor
-50
2) ResTime [h] 3) With a variable shunt
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 reactor
Technical
power ƒ Optimized reactive power compensation
ƒ Reduced reactive power loading of the
Grid efficiency grid
Commercial
Voltage
stabilization reactive power supply
ƒ Less purchase of reactive power
Active power ƒ Reduced losses (reactor, line &
capacity connected equipment) & noise
ƒ Increased active power capacity of line
Economic
solutions ƒ Minimal space requirements
Company
ƒ Flexibility on network changes
Low Space ƒ Independence of other grid operators
ƒ Higher reliability with VSR spare concept