Heterogeneity in Carbonate reservoir and their effect in seismic imaging

Aditya Karnwal, Mohmmad Danish

Email Id- adityakarnwal333@gmail.com , mddanish15596@gmail.com

Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun,UK-248002

Aim: Seismic Imaging directs intense sound source into the ground to evaluate subsurface
conditions and to eliminate multiple reflections.

ABSTRACT Carbonates are sedimentary rocks deposited in marine environments with clear,
shallow, warm waters and are mostly biological origin. They are made by fragments of
marine organism. The facies distribution of the carbonate reservoir has the tendency for
significant horizontal and vertical heterogeneity over short distance so provide a challenge
for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization.3D seismic allows us to extrapolate
point source information from the wells and hence to investigate the platform geometry
and as build-up development vertical seismic data resolution in carbonate reservoir is
significantly less than in siliciclastic reservoir because the carbonate rocks have greater
densities and high velocities. And the challenges of seismic imaging in carbonate reservoir
are scattering of seismic energy, attenuation of high frequency signal, reduction in
resolution, high impedance contrast between carbonate structures and surrounding rocks
and generation of multiples. Multiply reflected seismic energy, or any event in seismic data
that has incurred more than one reflection in its travel path. Depending on their time delay
from the primary events with which they are associated, multiples are characterized as
short-path or peg-leg implying that they are interface with the primary reflection, or long
path. Multiples from water bottom and air-water interface common in marine seismic data,
and are suppressed by seismic processing. To eliminate the multiples problems in carbonate
reservoir we use certain method which are stacking, F-K Demultiple, surface-related
multiple elimination (SRME), 2D SRME can deal with all kinds of surface-related multiples.

Keywords: Seismic Exploration, Elimination of multiples, evaluate subsurface conditions