PAPER

Conjantion and connective

Oleh:
1. M. Lathif musyaffa’ (061610003)
2. Alfi Syahidah T. (061610010)
3. Sakilah Tohheh (061610035)
 Conjunction
a. Definition
Conjunction is words that connect a sentence with other
sentence or sections from sentence.some example from
conjunction are and, or, but, and etc.
b. Function of conjunction
one use of a conjunction is to connect words or phrase that
have the same grammartical function in a sentences. This use
of conjunction is called “parallel structure”.
c. The kind of conjunction
1. Coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links
sentences or sentences that share the same value. such as
the parent sentence with another parent sentence or clause
with other clauses.Usually coordinating conjunction use
this words :
so – for showing the consequence of something
Ex: He was very hungry, so he ate all the cake.

but – for contrast

Ex: I eat cake, but I never eat biscuits; I don’t like them.

for – for explaining why (more formal and less common than
because)
Ex: He’s overweight, for he eats too many cakes and
biscuits.

and – the same, similar or equal; without contrast

Ex: His favourite snacks are cakes and biscuits.

nor – for two non-contrasting grammatically negative items

(not + not)
 Ex: He doesn’t eat cake, nor does he eat biscuits.
(He doesn’t eat cake and he doesn’t eat biscuits.)

or – before an alternative
Ex: Would you like cake or biscuits with your coffee?

yet – contrast, despite something (synonyms = nevertheless,

but still)
Ex: He’s overweight and feels terrible, yet he continues to
eat lots of cakes and biscuits.
(He’s overweight, but still he continues to eat lots of cakes
and biscuits.)

2. Subordinating conjunction
Subordinating conjunction is is a conjunction that links
sentences or sentences that share the difference value. This
conjunction connect a parent sentence with clause.

Ex: I will come if you aks me politely

(parent sentence) (clause)
Subordinating conjunction also used clause describing the
following categories:

A. Time
Usually use: When, before, after, while, till, and
since.
Ex: I’ll call you when I’m home.

B. Place
Usually use: Where, Wherever, and whance.
Ex: Just put the book where it belongs.
C. Method
Usually use: as
Pronounce this word as you have been thaught
D. Reason
Usually use:As, because, seeing, that, and since.
Ex: Since I’m out of money, I won’t go shopping.
 E. Condition
Usually use: if, provided, unless, and suppose.
Ex: I’llgo now, unless you want me to say.

F. Concession
Usually use: although and whereas.
Ex: Although you are rich man, you are very
rasp.
G. Consequence
Usually use: So
Ex: I had overslept, so I missed the bus.

H. Purpose
Usually use: So that, lest, and in order that.
Ex: She lent him the money so that he could go.

Connective words
a. definition
A connective is a word or phrase that links clauses or sentences.
Connectives can be conjunctions (but, when, because) or
connecting adverbs (however, then, therefore).

b. Usability
Connectives are used to join two sentences or more into one
sentence. Connectives are divided into seven expressions as
follow:

1. To express time
(before, after, as soon as, while, when)
Examples:
a. We went home after the rain stopped
b. I prepare my ticket and passport before I go on Holiday to
Paris
 c. I started to look for an apartment as soon as I arrived in
this city
d. While he was reading his novel, someone knocked on the
door
e. I was really sad when I saw a drama movie

2. To express cause
(because, because of, since)
Examples:
a. I went to the hospital because I had a serious accident
b. I went to the hospital because of my serious accident
c. Since I have no money, I can't treat you

3. To express procedure
(first, next, then, after that, finally)
Examples:
a. First, we must prepare the ingredients
b. Next, we cut the vegetables into small pieces
c. After that, we put them into frying pan
d. Finally, we put some sauce and salt

4. To express condition
(unless, if)
Example:
a. Unless her stepmother gave her permission, Cinderella
wouldn't go anywhere

5. To express concession
(although, even though, though)
Example:
a. Ben was not accepted by the university although he had
good grades

6. To express purpose
(in order to, so that)
Example:
 a. My father took an extra job so that our family could take a
vacation this summer

7. To express identification
(that, when, where, who)
Examples:
a. I want to talk to the little girl who is wearing the white dress
b. Citra chose the dog that was running around and barking

Daftar pustaka:
Azar, betty schrampfer. 1989. Understanding and using english
grammar. New jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Ridwansyah.2006. Mastering english Grammar. Jakarta: puspa suara.

www.grammarbank.com