PHYSICAL EDUCATION (OPTIONAL)

STD: X

FOOTBALL

Q.1 Write in brief the history of Football.

Ans: History of Football:
 The history of football begins from Egypt. In Egypt, football was played by ball like round object by kicking
it in opposite direction. It was played in China by the name of ‘Tsuchu’ during 300 BC to 500 AD. The
meaning of the word Tsuchu’ is ‘kicking the ball’.
 This game was developed in England that is why the credit of the beginning of modern football goes to
England. The first club was of football named ‘Shefield Football club’ was established in England on October
27, 1857.After that London Football Association was formed in London in 1863.
 The first competition of football was also held in 1871.The first football organization outside England was
formed in Scotland in 1873.The rules related to goal kick and corner kick were framed in 1874.
 FIFA (federation of International Football Association) was constituted to organize the international level
football matches on May 21.1904.England got membership of FIFA in 1906.
 In India, football is controlled by Indian Football Association. Indian participated in Olympic Games in 1948.

Q.2 Explain in details the dimension of Football field.

Ans: Football field (Dimensions)
 The field of play should be rectangular. The length of the two longer boundaries must be greater than the
length of shorter boundaries.
 The two longer boundaries are called touch line and shorter boundaries are called goal line. All the lines must
not be more than 5 inches. (Boundary lines).
 The line in the middle of the field is called halfway line.
 The length of the touch line is minimum 100 yards (90 mts) and maximum 130 yards (120mts).
 The length of the goals line is minimum 50 yards (45 mts) and maximum 100 yards (90 mts).
 The goal post must be placed in the center of each goal line.
 The distance between the goal post is 8 yards or 7.32 mts. The distance between the low edge of the cross bar
to the ground is 8 feet or 2.44 mts.
 The distance of the small D is 6 yards (5.5 mts).
 The distance of big D is 18 yards (16.5 mts).
 The distance between the goal line and the penalty spot is 12 yards (11 mts).
 The distance between the penalty spot and outside the penalty arc is 10 yards or 9.15 mts.
 The radius of the center circle and the penalty arc is 10 yards or 9.15 mts.
 Each quarter circle has 1 yard radius.
 The distance between the corner flag post and optional mark is 10 yards or 9.15 mts.
 Corner flag post is compulsory. Its lines not more than 12 cms /5 inches wide. Flag to be less than 1.5m /5Ft.
with a non-pointed top.

Q.3 What is the role of FIFA?

Ans: FIFA control the rules of the game, it is responsible for both, the organization of tournaments and their
promotion, which generate revenue from sponsorship.
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Q.4 Draw a labelled diagram of a Football field with all the dimensions?

Ans: THE FIELD OF PLAY

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Diagram of goalpost:

A football pitch (football field): It is the playing surface for the game of association football. It is made of turf (grass)
or artificial turf.
Field Markings:
The field of play is marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries.
The width of lines and goalpost:
All the lines marking the areas and the boundaries are 5 inches (12 cm) wide.

Q.5 What is the circumference and weight of a football? What is the recommended air pressure?
Ans: The size of ball:
Circumference: 27 inches to 28 inches (68cm to 70cm).
Weight: 410 gram to 450 gram (14oz to 16oz).
Pressure: 0.6-1.1 Atmosphere (600-1100g/cm2) At sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in to 15.60 lbs/sq in).

Q.6 State the shape and material used to make a football?

Ans: The shape and material of the ball:
The shape of the ball is spherical. It should be made of leather or other suitable material.

Q. 7 Write the maximum and the minimum number of players required to begin a match?
Ans: A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than 11 players, one of whom is the goal keeper. A
match may not start if either team consists of less than seven players.

Q.8 List the equipments of the player and Goal keeper in Football?
Ans: The player’s equipment:
A player must not use any equipment or wear anything which is dangerous to himself or another player. The basic
compulsory equipments of a player are,
(1) A jersey, (2) Shorts, (3) Stockings, (4) Shin guard, and (5) Footwear (Studs).
The goalkeeper’s equipment:
(1)A jersey of distinguish colour from other players, the referee and the assistant referee. (2)Shorts, (3) Stockings, (4)
Shin guard, (5) Footwear, and (6) Gloves.

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Q.9 List the equipment which should be carried by referee while conducting the match?
Equipment of Referee:
Ans: The referee’s equipments while conducting the match are:
1) A current book of rules. 2) A loud distinctive whistle. 3) A stop watch.
4) Two pencils. 5) A card to record the time, goal etc.6) Yellow and red cards.

Q. 10 What is the duration of the game? When can this duration be extended?
Ans: The duration of the game is two half’s of 45 minutes and 15 minutes of break (rest) in between. The duration of
the game can be extended in case if the referee feels that the time was wasted during substitution, injury or during free
kicks etc. which is known as added time.

Q.11 How many substitutes may be permitted in an official competition organized under the auspices of FIFA?
Ans:
Substitute: Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be used in any match played under FIFA. The rules of the
competition must state how many substitutes may be nominated, from three up to a maximum of seven. The name of
substitutes must be given to the referee prior to the start of match.

Q.12 Explain the procedure of substitution during a match.

Ans:
Substitution procedure: To replace a player by a substitute, the following procedure must be followed:
1) The referee is informed before any substitution is made.
2) A substitute only enters the field of play after the player being replaced has left and after receiving the signal from
referee.
3) A substitute only enters the field of play at the halfway line and during a stoppage in the match.
4) A substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play.

Q. 13 When is it said that the substitution is completed?

Ans: Substitution complete: A substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play. From that
moment, the substitute becomes a player and the player he has replaced ceases to be so. He can sit on the bench or can
go to the dressing room.

CAPTAIN: The team captain of an association football team, sometimes known as the skipper, is a team
member chosen to be the on-pitch leader of the team.

Q.14 List out the duties to of the Captain.

Ans: Following are the duties of captains,
1) The official functions of the captain are to participate in the coin toss prior to kick off.
2) He participates in the coin toss in case of penalty shootout.
3) Captain may join the manager in deciding the first team for a certain game.
4) He decides the team and their positions.
5) Captain has no special authority under the laws to challenge a decision by the referee.
6) Be able to co-operate with other players.
7) Be able to create unity between the senior and the younger players.
8) Be a "true leader" from the front, who can hold his nerve, use all his experience and guide his team over the finish
line.
9) Be able to control all his players’ discipline.
10) Never blame a fellow player for defeat.

 VICE CAPTAIN: A vice-captain is a player that is expected to lead the side when the captain is not included
in the starting eleven, or if the captain is substituted.

Q.15 List out the duties to of the Vice-captain.

Ans: Following are the duties of the vice captains:
1) In the absence of captain, he assumes the role of captain.
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2) He is usually expected to lead the players with captain.
3) He also help the younger player’s develop.

 COACH: The person who is responsible for the players, who teaches the players, and who is in charge of
strategy during the game.

Q.16 List out the duties to of the Coach.

Ans: Duties of a football coach involve focusing on the process.
1) To educate players through communicating ideas and concepts.
2) To improve players technical ability by applying knowledge and skills.
3) Promote fair play and laws of the game.
4) Gain trust of players, parents and fellow employees.
5) Establish and outline realistic goals and objectives.
6) Delivering and controlling sessions in an organised, effective and, safe manner.
7) Soccer coaches develop the skills of individual players and help teams to win games.

 MANAGER: In association football, a manager is responsible for running a football club or a national team.
The manager may also serve as the head coach of the team.

Q.17 List out the duties to of the Manager.

Ans: Duties of manager:
1) The manager is a person sent to represent others.
2) He orders uniforms and equipment as needed.
3) Organize additional playing opportunities such as tournaments, and clinics.
4) Find practice fields and reschedule games if necessary.
5) Distribute schedules and other pertinent information from the club as requested.
6) Selecting the team of players for matches, and their formation.
7) Planning the strategy, and instructing the players on the pitch.
8) Motivating players before and during a match.
9) Scouting for young but talented players for eventual training in the youth academy or the reserves, and encouraging
their development and improvement.
10) Facing the media in pre-match and post-match interviews.

 PHYSIOTHERAPIST:
The Physiotherapist in Sports focuses in its objectives in the field of sport and physical activity.

Q.18 List out the duties to of the Physiotherapist.

Ans: The duties of Physiotherapist are as follows,
1) If any player gets injured then the physiotherapist gives the treatment to that injury by means of massage and
exercise.
2) If the player is injured very badly then he will send him to specialist doctor.
3) Developing treatment programmes.
4) Helping players who have suffered injury or illness.
5) Rehabilitating very ill players.
6) Writing case notes and reports.

THE REFEREE
Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce the laws of the game.

Q.19 What are the duties of the Referees before the match?
Ans: Duties of Referee before the match:
1) The referee conducts the toss.
2) He checks the ground condition.
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3) He checks the goalpost and the nets.
4) He checks the team jerseys, numbers.
5) He checks the safety equipments (Boots, Shin guard)
6) He checks the ball pressure, weight and size of the ball.

Q. 20 What are the duties of the Referees during the match?

Ans: Duties of Referee during the match:
1) Ensure that any ball used meet the requirement.
2) Ensures that the player’s equipment’s meet the requirement.
3) Acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match.
4) Enforce the laws of the game.
5) Stops, suspends or terminates the match because of outside interference of any kind.
6) Allows play to continue until the ball is out of play.
7) Punishes the more serious offence when a player commits more than one at the same time.
8) Acts on the advice of assistant referee regarding incidents which he has not seen.
9) Controls the match in co-operation with the assistant referees and, where applicable, with the fourth official.
10) Ensures that no unauthorized person enters the field of play.
11) Provides the appropriate authorities with match report which includes information on any disciplinary action taken
against player, or team officials which occurred before, during or after the match.

THE ASSISTANT REFEREES (LINESMAN)

Number:
Two assistant referees are appointed on the playing field.

Q.21 What are the duties of the Assistant referees?

Duties of Assistant referees (linesman):
Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties, to the decision of the referee, are to indicate:
1) When the whole of the ball has passed out of the field of play.
2) Which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw in.
3) When a player may be penalized for being in an offside position.
4) When a substitution is requested.
5) When misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of view of the referee.
6) When offences have been committed whenever the assistants are closer to the action than the referee, this includes,
in particular circumstances, offences committed in the penalty area.
7) Whether, at penalty kicks, the keeper has moved forward before the ball has been kicked and if the ball has crossed
the goal line.

Fourth official:
The fourth official may be appointed under the competition rules and officiates if any of the three match officials is
unable to continue, unless a reserve assistant referee is appointed. He assists referee at all times.

Q.22 What are the duties of the Fourth Official?

Ans: Duties of fourth official:
1) The fourth official is responsible for assisting with substitution procedures during the match.
2) If the match ball has to be replaced during a match, he provides another ball.
3) He has the authority to check the equipments of substitutes before they enter the field of play.
4) He must indicate the referee when the wrong players is cautioned because of mistaken identity or when a player is
not sent off having been seen to be given a second caution or when violent conduct occurs out of the view of the
referee and assistant referee.
5) After the match, the fourth official must submit a report to the appropriate authorities on any misconduct or other
incident which has occurred out of the view of the referee and the linesmen. He must advice the referee and his
assistants of any report being made.
6) He has the authority to inform the referee of irresponsible behavior by any occupant of the technical area.

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Q.23 What are the different ways of restarting play?
Ans: The following are the ways of restarting the play
1) Kick-off, 2) Dropped ball, 3) Penalty kick, 4) Direct free kick, and 5) Indirect free kick 6) Throw in 7) Goal kick 8)
Corner kick

Q.24 What is Kick-off? When it is conducted?

Ans: Kick-off is a way of starting or restarting of a match. A goal may be scored directly from the kick-off.
A Kick off is applied in the following conditions:
1) At the start of the match.
2) After a goal has been scored.
3) At the start of the second half of the match.
4) At the start of each period of extra time, whenever applicable.

Q.25 What is the procedure for Kick off?

Ans: The procedure for a kick off is as follows:
1) All players should be in their own half of the field of play.
2) The opponents of the team taking the kick off are at least 9.15m (10 yards) from the ball until it is in play.
3) The ball should be stationery on the centre mark.
4) The referee should give a signal.
5) The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward.
6) The kicker does not touch the ball a second time until it has touched another player.
After a team scores a goal, the kick off is taken by other team.

Q.26 What is a dropped ball? What is the procedure of A Dropped ball? Or

What is the procedure adopted to restart a match when there is a situation of a dropped ball?
Ans: A dropped ball is a way of restarting the match after a temporary stoppage that becomes necessary, while the
ball is in play.
Procedure of dropped ball:
The referee drops the ball at the place where it was located when the play was stopped. Play restarts when the ball
touches the ground. The ball is dropped again if it is touched by a player before it makes contact with the ground. A
dropped ball to restart the match after play has been temporarily stopped inside the goal area takes place on the goal
area line parallel to the goal line at the point of nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped.

Q.27 When is the ball in play and out of play?

Ans:
The ball out of play:
The ball is out play when it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or in the air and the
play has been stopped by the referee.
The ball in play:
The ball is in play at all other times including when it rebounds from a goal post, crossbar or corner flag post and
remain in the field of play and also when it rebounds from either referee or an assistant referee when they are on the
field of play.

Q.28 What are the methods of scoring goals?

Ans:
1) Goal scored:
A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line between the goal posts and under the crossbar of
goalpost. It must be scored in a fair manner.

2) Own Goal:
It is possible for a player to kick, or head, or deflect, the ball into his own goal. If he does so, the score counts for the
opponents; and if the ball clearly would not have gone in without his intervention.

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3) Winner of a match:
The team scoring the greater number of goals during a match is the winner.
4) Draw match:
If both teams score an equal number of goals, or if no goal is scored, the match is drawn.
5) Tie break:
When no team is able to score or when the scores are level in the normal duration of the match then tie break is
applied. First extra time (Two equal periods not exceeding 15 minutes each) is given, in case tie remains unbroken,
five penalty kicks are given to each team. The whole process used to decide the match is known as tie break.
6) Sudden death:
When no goal is scored or scores are equal after tie breaker, alternate penalty kicks are given to each team till the tie is
broken. This is termed as sudden death.
7) Walk over:
When a team fails to turn up and participate in the match, other team is awarded a match. If it is a league match 3
points and 3 goals are awarded. If it is a knock out the team goes in the next round. If it is a final match the team is the
winner.

Q.29 What is an offside?

Ans: A player is off side when he is closer to the opposing goal line than ball and the second last opponent at the
moment the ball is played. This does not apply if the players are in their half of the field. An indirect free kick is
awarded to the opposing team at the place where the offside occurred.
A player is not in an offside position if:
1) He is in his own half of the field of play ‘or’
2) He is level with last two opponents.

Q.30 Under what circumstances is a player not declared off– side?

Ans: No offence in the following conditions:
A player is not considered offside when he receives a ball that:
1) Comes at him directly from a throw in.
2) Comes at him directly from a corner kick
3) Comes at him directly from a dropped ball by a referee.
4) Was deflected by the goal keeper. Or
5) Was shot at the goal and bounces off a defender.
There is no offside situation during a penalty kick because all the players other than the goalkeeper and kicker remain
behind the penalty mark and the ball.

Q. 31 Under what circumstances is a player declared off – side?

Ans: A player in an offside position is only penalized if at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his
team, he is in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by.
1) Interfering with play,
2) Interfering with an opponent,
3) Gaining an advantage by being in that position.

Q.32 What is Free kick?

Ans: A kick awarded to an opposition player when a player has committed a foul. A free kick is used to restart play in
several codes of football.
There are two types of free kicks: 1) Direct free kick, and 2) Indirect free kick

Q.33 Mention any three situations when a direct free kick is awarded.
or
Q. What is direct free kick? State any four situations when a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team.
Ans: A free kick from which a goal can be scored by directly kicking the ball into the opponent’s goal.
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team in the following situations (offences):

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1) Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent.
2) Trips or attempts to trip an opponent.
3) Jump at an opponent.
4) Charges on opponent.
5) Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent.
6) Pushes an opponent.
7) Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball.
8) Holds an opponent.
9) Spits at an opponent.
10) Handles the ball deliberately (except goalkeeper in his own penalty area.)

Q.34 What is the procedure of direct free kick?

Ans:
Procedure of direct free kick:The kick is taken from where the foul occurred, unless it was within the fouled team's
own goal area, in which case it may be taken from anywhere within the goal area. The ball must be stationary prior to
being kicked. Opponents must remain 10 yards (9.15 m) from the ball until the ball is in play. Observing the minimum
distance limit, the opposite players may choose to form a "wall" between the ball and the goal. The ball becomes in
play as soon as it is kicked and moves, unless the kick was taken from within the kicking team's penalty area, in which
case it is in play once it has passed directly beyond the penalty area. A goal may be scored directly from a direct free
kick, but only against the opposing side.

Q.35 Mention any three situations when an indirect free kick is awarded? Or Mention three fouls of a
Goalkeeper that result in an indirect free kick being awarded.
Ans: Indirect free kick: A goal can be scored only if the ball subsequently touches another player before it enters the
goal.
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area commits any one of
the following offences:
1) If a goal keeper takes more than 6 seconds while controlling the ball with his hands before releasing it.
2) If a goal keeper touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released from his possession and not touched
by any other player.
3) If a goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team mate.
4) If a goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw in taken by a team
mate.

Q.36 What is the procedure of indirect free kick?

Ans: Procedure of Indirect free kick:
1)The kick is taken from where the infringement occurred, unless the offence was committed within the goal area of
the team awarded the kick, in which case the kick may be taken from anywhere within the goal area.
2)An indirect free kick within the opposing team's goal area is taken from the goal area line, parallel to the goal line,
nearest to where the infringement occurred (i.e. at least 6 yards from the goal line).
3) The ball must be stationary prior to being kicked. Opponents must remain 10 yards (9.15m) from the ball (and also
outside of the penalty area if the kick is taken from within the kicking team's penalty area) until the ball is in play.
4) The exception to this is that opponents may be within 10 yards of the ball provided they are standing on their goal
line between the goal posts.
5) The ball becomes in play when it has been kicked and moves, unless the kick was taken from within the kicking
team's penalty area, in which case it is in play once it has passed completely out of the penalty area.
6) A goal may not be scored directly from an indirect free kick, rather it must be touched by a second player before a
goal can be scored.

Q.37 What is penalty kick? What is the procedure of penalty kick?

Ans: PENALTY KICK (Spot Kick): A penalty kick is awarded against a team that commits one of the ten offences,
for which a direct free kick is awarded, inside its own penalty area and while the ball is in play.

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A penalty kick is executed from the penalty mark, only goalkeeper stands in the goal area on the kick. Additional time
is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken at the end of each half or at the end of periods of extra time.
Procedure of penalty kick:
1) The player taking the penalty, kicks the ball forward.
2) He does not play the ball a second time until it has touched another player.
3) The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward.
4) All the players stay outside the penalty arc.

Q.38 Explain the procedure in detail for the Tie-breaker (penalty shootout) in the game of Football.
Ans: 1) The referee chooses the goal at which the kicks will be taken.
2) The referee tosses a coin and the team whose captain wins the toss decides whether to take the first or the second
kick.
3) The referee keeps a record of the kicks being taken.
4) Both teams take five kicks.
5) The kicks are taken alternately by the teams.
6) If, before both teams have taken five kicks, one has scored more goals than the other could score, even if it were to
complete its five kicks, no more kicks are taken.
7) If, after both teams have taken five kicks, both have scored the same number of goals, or have not scored any goals,
kicks continue to be taken in the same order until one team has scored a goal more than the other from the same
number of kicks.
7) A goalkeeper who is injured while kicks are being taken from the penalty mark and is unable to continue as
goalkeeper may be replaced by a named substitute provided his team has not used the maximum number of substitutes
permitted under the competition rules.
8) With the exception of the foregoing case, only players who are on the field of play at the end of the match, which
includes extra time where appropriate, are eligible to take kicks from the penalty mark on the goal line where it meets
the penalty area boundary line.

Q.39 State any four offences committed by a player within his own penalty area, which warrants the award of a
penalty kick.
The offences which will result in penalty kick:
Following offences will result in a penalty kick, if committed intentionally within the penalty area:
1) Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent.
2) Trips or attempts to trip an opponent.
3) Jump at an opponent.
4) Charges on opponent.
5) Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent.
6) Pushes an opponent.
7) Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball.
8) Holds an opponent.
9) Spits at an opponent.
10) Handles the ball deliberately (except goalkeeper in his own penalty area)

Q.40 Explain the position of the ball and the players during a penalty kick? or
State the position of the following during the execution of a penalty kick in a game of football:
(1) The ball. (2) The defending goal-keeper.(3) The players.
Ans:
(i) The ball:
The ball is placed on penalty mark.
(ii) The player taking penalty kick:
He is property identified and stands near the ball.
(iii)The defending goal keeper:
The defending goal keeper will stand in front of goal, on his goal line facing the kicker, between the goalposts until
the ball has been kicked.
(iv)The players other than the kicker:

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They are located inside the field of play outside the penalty area and penalty arc.
(vii)The referee:
The referee will stand aside to the kicker in penalty area.
(viii) The assistant referee:
One assistant referee will stand aside to the goalkeeper on goal line.

Q.41 Explain the position of the ball and the players during a penalty shootout (Tie breaker)?
Ans:
(i) The ball:
The ball is placed on penalty mark.
(ii) The player taking penalty kick:
He is property identified and stands near the ball.
(iii)The defending goal keeper:
The defending goal keeper will stand in front of goal, on his goal line facing the kicker, between the goalposts until
the ball has been kicked.
(iv)The players other than the kicker:
They are located inside the field of play outside the penalty area and penalty arc, at least 10yds behind the penalty
mark mostly in centre circle.(during penalty shootout)
(vi)Goal keeper of the kicker’s team:
He stands on the goal line beyond penalty area.
(vii)The referee:
The referee will stand aside to the kicker in penalty area.
(viii) The assistant referee:
One assistant referee will stand near other players and other will stand aside to the goalkeeper on goal line.

Q. 42 What are the fouls and misconduct in the game of football?

Ans:
The fouls in the game of football are:
1) To kick or hurt the opponent while the opponent is kicking the ball.
2) Trips or attempts to trip an opponent.
3) Jump at an opponent.
4) Charges on opponent.
5) Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent.
6) Pushes an opponent.
7) Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball.
8) Holds an opponent.
9) Spits at an opponent.
10) Handles the ball deliberately (except goalkeeper in his own penalty area).

Q.43 What colour warning cards are shown by a referee during the course of playing in a football match?
What does the colour of a warning card indicate?
Ans: Two types of warning cards are used by the referee.
Yellow card: it indicates the player is cautioned.
Red card: it indicates the player is sent off.

Q.44 Give three offences for which a yellow card is shown to a player?
1) Caution (A Warning):
The player receive a caution if they regularly break the rules and do not respect the referee’s decision. A yellow card
is shown to player when cautioned.
Cautionable offences:
A player is cautioned and shown yellow card if he commits any of the following offences:
1) It is guilty of unsporting behavior.
2) Shows dissent by word or action.
3) Persistently infringes the laws of game.

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4) Delays the restart of play.
5) Fails to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick or free kick.
6) Enters or re-enters the field of play without the referee’s permission.
7) Deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission.

Q.45 What is an Expulsion? Give three offences for which a red card is shown to a player?
Ans: An Expulsion (Sending-off offences):
A player, substitute or substituted player is sent-off and shown red card if he commits a serious fault or violent
conduct. A player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the field of play and technical area. The player sent
off cannot be replaced.
A player is sent off and shown the red card: A player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the
following seven offences:
1) Is guilty of serious foul play.
2) Is guilty of violent conduct.
3) Spits at an opponent or any other person.
4) Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an offence
punishable by free kick or a penalty kick.
5) Denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (this does
not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
6) Use offensive or insulting or abusive language and or gestures.
7) Receives a second caution in the same match.

Q.46 What is Throw in? When a Throw in is awarded? What is the procedure for the same?
Ans: A throw in is a method of restarting play. A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw in.When the ball passes
over the touch line, either on the ground or in the air, one player of the offending team throws the ball inside, from the
point where it has crossed the touch line.
PROCEDURE:
At the moment of delivering the ball the thrower:
1) Faces the field of play.
2) Has part of each foot either on the touch line or on the ground, outside the touch line.
3) Uses both the hands.
4) Delivers the ball from behind and over his head.
5) Delivers the ball from the point where it left the field of play.

Q.47 What is Foul Throw?

Foul Throw:
In the following instances a throw will be foul throw:
1) The player throws the ball with one hand.
2) His part of one or both feet is inside the field of play.
3) He bangs the ball close to him or just drops the ball in front of him.
4) He throws the ball, far away from the point where the ball crossed the touch line.
5) The player lifts his one leg or both the legs (jumps) while throw in.

Q.48 What is Goal Kick? When Goal Kick awarded? What is the procedure of Goal kick?
Ans: A goal kick is a method of restarting play. A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the
opposing team. When the ball passes over the goal line having last been touched by offensive player, and goal is not
scored, the defensive team is awarded a goal kick.
Procedure of goal kick:
1) The ball is kicked from any point within the goal area by a player of the defending team.
2) Opponents remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play.
3) The kicker does not play the ball a second time until it has touched another player.
4) The ball is in play when it is kicked directly beyond the penalty area.

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 Q.49 What is corner kick? What is the procedure of resuming the game from a corner kick?
Ans: A corner kick is a method of restarting play. A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick. It is taken from
corner arc at the nearest corner flag post. A corner kick is awarded when the whole of the ball, having last touched a
player of the defending team, passes over the goal line; either on ground or in the air and a goal is not scored.

Procedure of corner kick:

1) The ball is placed inside the corner arc at the nearest corner flag post.
2) The corner flag post is not moved.
3) Opponents remain at least 9.15m (10 yds) from the ball until it is in play.
4) The ball is kicked by a player of the attacking team.
5) The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.
6) The kicker does not play the ball a second time until it has touched another player.

Q.50 What is the procedure to determine the winner of a match?

Procedure to determine the winner of a match:
Ans: There are following three methods of determining the winning team when competition rules require there to be a
winning team after the match has been drawn
(i) Away goal, (ii) Extra time, and (iii) Kicks from penalty mark.
(i) Away goals:
Competition rule may provide that where teams play each other home and away; if the score are equal after the second
match, any goals scored at the ground of the opposing team will count double.
(ii) Extra time:
When no team is able to score or the scores are equal after full time, then the competition rules may provide two
further equal periods (not exceeding 15 minutes each) to be played.
(iii) Kicks from penalty mark:
If still the tie remains unbroken five penalty kicks are given to each team alternatively by the teams. If both teams
have taken five kicks, one has scored more goals than the other could score, the winner is declared. If, after both teams
have taken five kicks, both have scored the same number of goals, or have not scored any goals, then sudden death is
applied. The kicks continue to be taken in the same order until one team has scored a goal more than the other from
the same number of kicks.

Q.51 Write a short note on Technical Area.

Ans:
1)The technical area 1m (1yd) on either side of the designated seated area and extends 1m (1yd) from the touch line.
2) Markings are used to define this area.
3) Number of persons permitted to occupy the technical area is defined by competition rules.
4) The occupants are identified before the match. Substitutes, coach and other officials (physiotherapist) sits on
benches.
5) Only one person at a time is authorized to convey tactical instructions and he must return to his position after giving
the instructions.
6) The officials should be within the confines except when there is an injury.
7) The coach and occupants of the technical area must behave in a responsible manner.

Q.52 What are the fundamental skills of Football?

Ans: The basic skills of football player are:
Passing, Kicking, Trapping, Dribbling, dodging, Heading, Throw in, Tackling, goal keeping.
1) Passing:
Passing the ball is a key part of association football. When a player kicks the ball to his teammate; used to move the
ball closer to the opposing goal, to keep the ball away from an opponent or to give the ball to a player who is in a
better position to score.
Pass may be done by feet, over short or long distances on the ground or in the air.

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Types of passes:
i) Cross pass:
To pass a low fast ball in the opposite direction.
ii) Final pass:
Between the goals before scoring the goal if one player passes the ball to another player and he succeeds in scoring the
goal then it will be final pass.
iii) Through pass:
A through pass is given towards forward direction between two or three defensive players either on ground or in the
air.
iv) Back Pass:
The backward pass is a way to neutralize the pressure and still maintain control of the ball. The ball is passed
backward with the heel or sole of your foot to another teammate.
v) Wall pass:
This is a combination pass involving two teammates and is sometimes referred to as a one-two pass. This type of pass
involves a wing player and an inside teammate. The wing player's position usually runs along the outside of the field.
When the wall pass is executed properly, the wing player passes the ball from the outside of the field to a teammate
playing a position toward the inner part of the field. This player acts as a wall and quickly passes the ball back in front
of the wing player.
vi) Long Pass:
The long pass is used to clear the ball to the opposite side of the field to a teammate who is open and has no defenders
around him. This changes the area of play and gives your team the opportunity to begin a counterattack. Executing a
long pass involves hitting the ball with accuracy and power.
vii) Chip Pass:
A chip pass is like a through pass but you chip the ball over a defender. To perform a chip pass lock your ankle. Place
your opposite foot behind the ball and hit under the ball to get air on it. The chipped ball should have backspin on it.
Great to use when there is a player between the receiver and the passer.
viii) One Touch Pass:
A one touch pass is passing it immediately once you get the ball without another touch. When doing a one touch pass
get ready to pass the ball at the right angle before the ball comes.
ix) Give and Go Pass (1-2 Pass):
When a player passes the ball to a teammate, who immediately one-touch passes the ball back to the first player.
x) Forward pass:
A pass made towards the opposition's goal.
xi) Outlet passes:
When a goalkeeper or defender passes the ball from close to his own goal toward the other team's goal; used to start a
counterattack.
xii) Push pass:
When a player pushes the ball with the inside of his foot to a teammate.

2) Kicking:
Kicking is an art to control the speed, direction and the distance in the game.
i) Place Kick:
It is a kick, placed to the ball with low or full force when the ball is kept stationery at one place.
ii) A bicycle kick (scissor kick):
The side volley. The ball is kicked in the direction that the player is facing. The player leans sideways, throws his legs
upward, and volleys the ball forward with a scissor-like motion as the kicking leg passes forward over the other leg.
iii) Lofted kick:
This type of kick comes into play during goal kick, corner and free kicks. In this type approach run is performed
obliquely or bow shaped to the playing direction standing leg’s foot prints towards the direction of the kick. The ankle
of the playing foot is stretched downwards.
iv)Volley Kick:
Striking the ball in mid-air with either foot is called as volley kick.
v) Half volley kick:
When the ball is kicked by a player just after it has hit the ground is called as half volley kick.

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vi) Banana kick:
A type of kick that gives the ball a curved trajectory; used to get the ball around an obstacle such as a goalkeeper or
defender.
vii) Chip shot:
A kick lofted into the air to try to sail the ball over the goalkeeper's head and still make it under the crossbar into the
goal.

3) Trapping:
When a player uses his body to slow down and control a moving ball, most often using his chest, thighs or feet is
called trapping,. The purpose of trapping is to prevent the ball from rebounding away.
Ways (methods) of trapping the ball:
Stopping the ball by the chest, stopping the ball with the thighs, stopping the ball with the foot, that coming from top
of the foot, and Head trap.
i) Chest trap:
The first necessity of the game is to stop and keep under control a fast coming ball. Chest trap is stopping the ball by
the chest.
ii) Sole trap:
It is a method of stopping the ball rolling along the field with the sole of the boot.
iii) Foot trap:
A player use of his foot to control a rolling or low-bouncing ball.
v) Thigh trap:
When a player uses his thigh to slow down and control a ball in the air.

4) Dribbling:
Dribbling means pushing or carrying the football with foot, While dribbling the ball the player must keep the ball
under control, the ball is not kicked but pushed and touches the ball at every step to keep under perfect control.

5) Heading:
Heading means hitting the ball with head. It is done where the ball is above shoulder height.

6) Tackling and charging:

Ans: This is to take away the ball from opponent. For this, the player keeps the eyes on the ball and watch the speed,
stride and proximity of the ball to the opponent. Tackle when the ball has just left the foot of the dribbler. Use
shoulder charge with the entire weight of the body to an opponent.

7) Goalkeeping:
The specialized player who is the last line of defense, who is allowed to control the ball with his hands when in the
goal area. Goal keeping is important for building a strong team. He uses both the hands to catch the ball.
A goalkeeper must have the following techniques (skills): catching, throwing, taking goal kick, diving for the ball,
deflecting the ball, dribbling and dodging.

Q.53What are the Points to be kept in mind while dribbling?

Points to be kept in mind while dribbling:
1) To play around the opponent.
2) To escape from opponent.
3) To keep the ball in possession.
4) To connect the ball to the teammates without being intercepted.

Q.54What is the ways of dribbling in Football?

Ans: Ways of dribbling the ball:
Dribbling with inside of any foot, Dribbling with outside of any foot, Dribbling with in-step, and Dribbling by using
inside and outside of same foot alternatively.

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 Q.55 What are the Points to be kept in mind while heading?
Ans: Points to be kept in mind while heading:
1) The heading should be done with the forehead.
2) Maintain the balance with both the hands.
3) Bring the head back and hit the ball with jerk.

Q.56 What is the purpose of heading in Football?

Ans: Purpose of heading: An attacker heads the ball to redirect it towards the net. A defender heads the ball to
deflect it away from the goal. It is used for giving pass, trapping the ball and scoring a goal.

Q. 57 What are the ways of Heading?

Ans: The ways of heading:
(i) Heading in front of the body (forward direction)
The forehead should come in contact with the ball while heading it in front of the body.
(ii) Heading to the side: This is to meet the ball at the middle of the forehead turned slightly to the side and awing the
head to the direction to which it is to be deflected.
(iii) Heading downward: Keep the head slightly inclined forward and meet the ball with a downward movement.

Q.58 What are the types of tackling?

Ans:
i) Sliding Tackle:
A tackle in which the defender slides along the surface of the field of play before making one-footed contact with the
ball.
ii) Back tackle:
An attempt by a defender to take the ball away from a ball carrier by swinging the defender's leg in front of the ball
from behind.
iii) Side tackle:
An attempt by a defender to redirect the ball slightly with his foot away from a ball carrier running in the same
direction.
iv)Front tackle:
An attempt by a defender to kick the ball away from an attacker by approaching him from a head-on position.

Q.59 What are the main points to be kept in mind while Tackling?
Ans: Point to be kept in mind while tackling
(i) Keep the eyes on the ball.
(ii) Make contact with the ball.

Q.60 How the game starts in the following conditions:

Ans:
1) After a goal is scored.
The game will resume with a kick off from the centre mark, by the team conceding the goal.
2) After half time:-
The game will start from the centre mark with a kick-off, by team which did not start in the first half.
Q.61 When and why is the wall formed in the game of Football?
Ans: While taking the free kick wall is formed. A line of 2 to 6 defending players pressed together shoulder-to-
shoulder to protect their goal against a close free kick; creates a more difficult shot by reducing the amount of open
goal area the kicker has to shoot at.

Q.62 What should be kept in mind during wall formation, while a free kick is being taken?
Ans: During wall formation while taking a free kick following points should be kept in mind.
(i) Tallest of all player preferred for the formation of wall.
(ii)The player in the wall must face the ball.
(iii)Care should be taken that ball may not pass through the wall.
(iv)Goal keeper should direct the player about the position of the wall.

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Q. 63 With the help of a diagram, show any two formation in football.
Ans:
Formations in Football: The arrangement into positions of players on the field is called as formation.

i) 4-4-2 Formation ii) 4-3-3 Formation iii) 3-5-2 Formation iv) 4-2-3-1 Formation

v) 4-2-4 Formation vi) 2-3-5 Formation

Q.64 What is advantage in Football?

Ans: An advantage refers to a situation in which the referee calls play in spite of a foul because the team that would be
given a free kick already has the advantage of scoring.

Q.65 What decision will the referee give in the following cases:
Ans: Decision of Referee:
The decision of the referee regarding facts connected with play are final. No one has the right to question a decision of
referee. A referee may reverse his decision; if he realizes that he has made a mistake or when an assistant referee
brings to his notice, provided that the referee has not restarted play with a kick-off.

Referee’s Decisions:
1) A player commits two infringement of a different nature at the same time.
A player is sent off the field of play by showing a red card.
2) He finds that a player is deliberately wasting time.
Caution the player by showing yellow card.
3) He finds a player guilty of violent action.
Sent off the player by showing red card.

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4) He is uncertain whether the ball has gone out of play.
He will take the help of assistant referee.

5) The goalkeeper intentionally lies on the ball longer than it is necessary.

The goalkeeper is guilty of unsporting behavior. The referee will stop the play caution the goalkeeper by showing
yellow card and resume the play by an indirect free kick, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement
occurred.

6) A player spits at an official during the game.

The referee will send off the guilty player by showing a red card. He will resume the play by indirect free kick.
7) A ball is improperly thrown in.
The referee will award throw in to the opposing team.
8) The goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands outside the penalty area.
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team. The kick to be taken from the place where the infringement
occurred.

9) An indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponent’s goal.

A goal kick is awarded to the defending team.

10) An indirect free kick is kicked directly into the teams own goal:
A corner kick is awarded to the opposing team.

11) If the ball bursts or becomes defective during the course of play.
The match is stopped and restarted by dropping the replacement ball at the place where the first ball becomes
defective.

12) If the ball bursts or becomes defective while taking the penalty kick.
The ball bursts immediately after it in play from a free kick, penalty kick, a corner kick or throw in, without first
touching any other play: A referee should ask for another ball and resume play by dropping the ball (dropped ball).

13) If an indirect free kick is directly kicked into the opponent’s goal.
A goal kick is awarded.

14) A player intentionally pushes an opponent.

The referee gives a direct free kick to the opponent and caution the player who commits that foul.

15) A defending player intentionally handles the ball in the penalty area.
The opponent will get a penalty kick from the penalty spot.

16) A player indulges in misconduct even after receiving a yellow card.

If a player persists in misconduct. After being received the caution, he will be suspended from that match and sent out.
If the misconduct is serious he can be sent out. If the misconduct is serious he can be suspended from the tournament.

17) When the goal is scored unintentionally by the centre referee.

A goal is awarded.

18) At a kick off the same player touches the ball a second time.
Indirect free kick is awarded to the opposite team.

19) During a penalty kick the ball rebounds from the crossbar and the same player kicks the ball to score a goal.
Goal will not be given. Indirect free kick is awarded to the opposite team.

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Additional instructions for the referee:
1) Delaying the restart of play:
Referee must caution players who delay the restart of play by tactics such as:
1) Taking a free kick from the wrong position with the sole intention of forcing the referee to order a retake.
2) Appearing to take a throw in but suddenly leaving it to one of his teammate to throw in.
3) Kicking the ball away or carrying it away with the hands after the referee stopped play.
4) Excessively delaying the taking of free kick or throw in.

2) Celebration of a goal:
While it is permissible for a player to demonstrate his joy when a goal has been scored, the celebration must not be
excessive.
A player must be cautioned when:
1) He climbs on to a perimeter fence to celebrate a goal being scored.
2) He removes his shirt over his head or covers his head with his shirt.

3) Dealing with injured player:

Referee must follow the instructions given below when dealing with injured players.
1) Play is allowed to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in his opinion, only slightly injured.
2) Play is stopped if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured.
3) After questioning the injured player the referee authorizes one or two doctors to enter the field to ascertain the type
of injury and to arrange the player’s safe and removal from the field.
4) The referee ensures an injured player is safely removed from the field of play.
5) A player is not allowed to be treated on the field.

Official’s advice to the players:

The team official (coach) will give following advice to the players:
1) Be sporting and play the match keeping the spirit of the game and the laws.
2) Do not demand a change of ball for minor reasons.
3) In rainy days the ball may become slightly heavy, in which cases do not insist on a change.
4) Return the ball to the referee after the match.
5) Do not make obscene gestures to the spectators, substitutes, opponents and officials.
6) Do not enter or re-enter the field of play without the permission of referee.

GAME RELATED TERMS:

FIFA:
The Federation International Football Association was formed in 21 May1904.

AIFF:
The All India Football Federation was founded in 1937. The All India Football Federation (AIFF) is the organization
which manages the game of association football in India. It administers the running of the India national football team
and also controls the I-League, India's premier domestic club competition, in addition to various other competitions.

Touch line:
The two longer boundary lines of the football field are called touch lines. These are 90m to 120m in length. These
lines are 12cm (5inches) in width.

Goal lines:
The two shorter lines of the football field are called goal lines.

Halfway line:
The field of play is divided into two halves by halfway line.

Centre mark:
The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line.

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Centre circle:
It is a circle of 9.15m (10yds) radius drawn from centre mark of football field. The game starts from the centre circle
by kicking or passing the ball. The game restarts from the centre circle after a goal scored.

Goal Area:
A goal area is defined at each end of the field as follows:
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5m (6yds) from inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into
the field of play for a distance of 5.5m (6yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line (18.32m). The
area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.

The penalty area:

It is area bounded by lines drawn at right angles at a distance 16.5m (18yds) from the inside of each goal post and are
joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line.

Penalty mark:
Within each penalty area a penalty mark is made at 11m (12yds) from the midpoint between the goal post and
equivalent to them. The penalty kick is taken from this mark.

Penalty arc (Outer circle):

A penalty spot is marked 11m (12 Yards) in front of the midpoint of the goal line. The penalty arc with a radius of
9.15m (10 Yards) from the penalty spot is drawn outside the penalty area.
Importance: To keep the players 9.15m (10 Yards) at the time of penalty kick.
Flag posts:
A flag post, not less than 1.5m (5ft) high with a non-pointed top and a flag is placed at each end.

Optional flag:
Flag posts may also be placed at each end of the halfway line, not less than 1m (1yds) outside the touchline. These are
1.5m high with non-pointed top.

Corner arc (quarter circle):

It is a quarter circle with a radius of 1m from each corner flag post where the ball is kept, while taking a corner kick.

Optional mark:
It is a mark made at the goal line 9.15m (10yds) from the corner flag post. At the time of corner kick the defensive
team player will stand after optional mark.

Goalposts:
Goals must be placed on the centre of each goal line. They consist of two upright posts equidistance from the corner
flag posts and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar.

The distance between the posts:

The distance between the posts is 7.32m (8yds) and the distance from the lower edge to the crossbar to the ground is
2.44m (8ft). Both the goalposts and crossbar have same width and depth which do not exceed 12cm (5 inches). The
width of goal line is also 12cm. Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal. The goal posts and
crossbars must be white.

Net:
According to goalpost length and breadth, it should cover both the parallel and cross bar, and the square of the net
should not be more than 7.32 m.

Full time:
The football match is played in two equal periods of 45 minutes each. The total time (90 minutes) is called full time.

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Half time:
The maximum duration of each period of play shall be of 45 minutes and the added time (2 to 3 minutes) is called half
time.

Half time interval:

Players are entitled to an interval at half time. The half time interval must not exceed 15 minutes. The duration of the
half time may be altered only with the concept of the referee.

Extra time:
During a tournament, if there is tie at the end of regulation time then the teams play for extra time of two half of 15
minutes (total 30 minutes) over time period.

Added time:
At the end of each half of 45 minutes, if referee extends the period beyond the time, it is called added time. It can be
due to injuries, substitution, under delay etc.

Injury time:
It is approximate 3 minutes time given after each half in view to compensate the time loss in injury during the game.

The start and the restart of play

A coin is tossed and then the team that wins the toss decides which goal it will attack in the first half of the match. The
other team takes kick-off to start the match. The team that wins the toss takes the kick-off to start the second half the
match. In the second half of the match the team changes ends and attack the opposite goal.

Time lost during the game:

The time lost during the game when
1) Substitution is made.
2) A player gets injured.
3) A player wasting time.
4) Removal of injured players from the field of the play for treatment.

Tie break:
When no team is able to score or when the scores are level in the normal duration of the match then tie break is
applied. First extra time (Two equal periods not exceeding 15 minutes each) is given, in case tie remains unbroken,
five penalty kicks are given to each team. The whole process used to decide the match is known as tie break.

Sudden death:
When no goal is scored or scores are equal after tie breaker, alternate penalty kicks are given to each team and the
minute there is difference in the goal. This is termed as sudden death.

Walk over:
When a team fail to turn up and participate in the match other team is awarded a match. If it is a league match 3 points
and 3 goals are awarded. If it is a knock out the team goes in the next round. If it is a final match the team is the
winner.

Attacker:
A player whose job is to play the ball forward towards the opponent's goal area to create a scoring opportunity.

Striker:
An attacking player whose job is to finish attacking plays by scoring a goal.

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Forward:
The 3 or 4 players on a team who are responsible for most of a team's scoring; they play in front of the rest of their
team where they can take most of its shots; strikers and wingers.

Midfielder:
The playing position for players that are responsible for linking play between attackers and defenders.

Defender:
A player whose job is to stop the opposition attacking players from goal scoring.

Winger:
Attackers who play on the wings/flanks of the field.

Sweeper:
A player who does not mark any player of the opposite side but comes up behind the other defenders when the
opposite team attempts to score a goal.

Dead ball:
When play is stopped and the ball is not moving, it is a dead ball. All free kicks, including penalty kicks, have to be
taken from a dead. i.e., stationary ball.

Back heel:
The player brings his foot in front of the ball and uses his back heal to flick the ball towards to a teammate or to score
a goal. It can confuse the opposition. The most spectacular back heel trick is scoring with your back to the goal.

Mark:
In man-to-man coverage the defender is said to mark the attacker. The closer he plays to him, the tighter the marking.

Man to Man Marking:

A defensive system where defenders are designated one attacking player to track continuously.

Zone Defense:
A defensive system where defenders mark a designated area of the field of play instead of tracking players across the
field.

Obstruction:
Causing obstruction, which is blocking an opponent with the body, is penalized by awarding an indirect free kick to
the opposition.

Assist:
The pass or passes which immediately precede a goal; a maximum of two assists can be credited for one goal.

Attacking team:
The team that has possession of the ball.

Break:
When a team quickly advances the ball down the field in an attempt to get its players near the opponent's goal before
the defenders have a chance to retreat; also called an advantage.

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Charge: To run into an opponent; legal if done from the front or side of the ball carrier; illegal against a player
without the ball or from behind.

Counterattack:
An attack launched by a defending team soon after it regains possession of the ball.

Crossbar:
The horizontal beam that forms the top of a goal and sits on top of the two posts; it is 7.32M (8 yards) long and
supported 2.44M (8 feet) above the ground.

Dangerous play:
When a player attempts a play that the referee considers dangerous to that player or others, such as trying to kick the
ball out of the goalie's hands, even if no contact is made.

Defensive lapse:
When a mistake is committed by a defensive player it is called defensive lapse.

Defensive pressure:
When one or more defenders closely mark a ball carrier to harass him into losing the ball.

Hand ball:
A foul where a player touches the ball with his hand or arm; the opposing team is awarded a direct free kick.

Hat trick:
Three or more goals scored in a game by a single player.

Flag kick:
A flag kick is a corner kick.

Points:
A team statistic indicating its degree of success, calculated as follows: 3 points for a win, 1 point for a tie, 0 for a loss.

Shin guards:
Pads that strap onto a player's lower leg to protect the shins should he or she be kicked there.

Foul: A breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent.

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