NEMATODES

PARASITE A.K.A. DISEASE EGG/CYST ADULT DIAGNOSTIC INFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS HOST LOC. D.H PATHOLOGY MOT NOTES Tx
STAGE STAGE
Trichuris Whip  Trichuriasis Unembryonated Embryonated Stool exam: LI, Whip Human is Female egg
trichiura worm eggs in feces Egg in LEMON inserted principal Frequent, Ingestion production = Mebendazole
 Trichocephaliasis soil/feces SHAPE/FOOTBALL into wall host small,blood- 3,000-
(Soil – streaked, F-O-R 10,000/day Thiabendazole=
transmitted  Whipworm NO larval diarrheic stool (fecal- not effective
helminthes) infection migration oral route) Lifespan = 4-6
M – curved 360
through the Abdominal painand years
Size: 50-54u x 23u F – blunt; stichocytes
Heavy intensity lungs unlike tenderness
infection: colon LEMON Ascaris and PORE-
and rectum SHAPE/FOOTBALL Hookworm Nausea and FORMING
Barrel-S, 2 plugs vomiting PROTEIN TT47
Trichuris Unembryo Adult in
dysentery cecum Anemia(approx. NO lung
syndrome 0.005ml blodd pathology
loss/day/worm) occurs
Chronic
dysentery Weight loss Holomyarian

Rectal prolapse Heavy intensity

infection: colon
and rectum
 PARASITE A.K.A. DISEASE EGG/CYST ADULT DIAGNOSTIC INFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS HOST LOC. D.H PATHOLOGY MOT NOTES Tx
STAGE STAGE
Enterobius Seat Enterobiasis Eggs on Embryonated Peri-anal swab: Cecum human Perianal itching Hand- Most common
Vermicularis Worm perianal folds eggs scotch tape mouth helmith
Oxyuriasis larvae inside method Gravid female Pruritus ani identified in
Perianal Pin the eggs within Migrates to Inhalation TEMPERATE
itching worm Seat/Pin worm M – curved tail,single 4-6 hrs Single swab = 50% Perianal area Bedwetting in REGION
infection D-shape, spicule yield (at night) children Retro
Pruritus ani football 2-5mm x 0.1-0.2mm infection Gravid
3 swab = 90% yield Larva hatch Abdominal pain female =
Asymmetrical F – long pointed tail un small 11,000-
8 – 13mm x 0.4mm Exam=7 intestine 15,000 eggs
Flattened side consecutive days
spindle-S, cephalic After egg
Convex side ala, deposition:
corpus, isthmus, bulb female dies!!
Translucent side
 PARASITE A.K.A. DISEASE EGG/CYST ADULT DIAGNOSTIC INFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS HOST LOC. D.H PATHOLOGY MOT NOTES Tx
STAGE STAGE
Giant Ascariasis Fertilized Egg Fertilized Stool exam SI of man Human 1. Tissue reaction Ingestion Polymyarian
Ascaris Round Egg Egg containing (eggs) (not attach) invading larvae
lumbricoides Worm Ascaris larva(ingested) 2. Intestinal irritation Burrowing Female=
Infection Unfertilized Radiologic Adult 3. Complication of 200,000
Most common egg exam = cecum or Sin of foot eggs/day –
Intestinal Roundworm proximal colon Vague abdominal pain unsegmented
nematode = enter Venules
- Ovoid mass of - liver(portal Eosinophilia during
protoplasm F-3 lips; vien), heart, larval migration
- Develop 14 days Male lungs
-10-31cm, Allergic
-resides but not attached to manifestation;
Liver-lung
Unfertilized Egg mucosa =asthma,
Migration
-Thick transparent - 2 spicules (larv swallowed)
=loeffler’s syndrome,
Hyaline Shell =Eosinophil
- Outer layer = Produce: accumulation in lung
THICK PEPSIN INHIBITOR 3(PI 3) –
protects from digestion Halo Sign in CT scan

PHOSPHORYCHOLINE – Hemorrhagic
suppress lymphocyte pancreatitis
proliferation
Intestinal volvulus
Inner membrane
- Delicate - Obstruction
viteline,lipoidal
- Highly permeable

Decorticated egg

Corticated egg
NO mammilated
albuminous covering
 PARASITE A.K.A. DISEASE EGG/CYST ADULT DIAGNOSTIC INFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS HOST D.H I.H PATHOLOGY MOT NOTES Tx
STAGE STAGE LOC.
Capillaria -peanut shape Unembryonated Larvae; Stool exam -- Human Raw fish  Abdominal pain Ingestion; Describe in 1993
philippinensis egg Male; eggs --eggs (E)  Borborygmi  raw fresh Epidemic in 1967-68
-straited shells -1.5-3.9 mm long  raw fresh water -larva (L) Fish-  Chronic diarrhea water fish >1000 cases reported
-flattened bi- - long spicule, unspined fish -adults (A) eating  Weight loss >100 died
polar plugs sheath and chitinized bird  Malaise Internal
-36-45um x spicule  Internal Duodenal  Edema Autoinfection Migratory in fish eating
20um Autoinfection aspiration  Vomiting and bird
Female; anorexia
Larvae-1st -2.5-4.4 in length Only in the Philippines;
generation - Typical f- egg in uterus Laboratory -Zamboanga Del Norte
female worm (8-10) in single row finding: -Compostella Valley
- Atypical f – viviparous,
Eggs- larvivapous, 40-45 eggs •Electrolyte Do not invade intestinal
Subsequent arrange in 2-3 rows imbalance tissues
generation
•Decreased Microulceration
excretion of
xylose Compressive degeneration
and mechanical
•Protein, fat, sugar compression of cells
malabsorption

•High IgE
 PARASITE Species DISEASE EGG/CYST ADULT DIAGNOSTIC INFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS HOST D.H PATHOLOGY MOT NOTES Tx
STAGE STAGE LOC.
Hookworm Species found Ancylostomiasis Eggs in Filariform Stool exam = Huma Maculopapules and localized Skin
in man; feces larva egg n erythema of the skin where penetra
Uncinariasis penetrates the worms entered associated tion
Necator the skin Harada-Mori with
americanus Necatoraisis culture severe itching

Ancylostoma Hookworm disease F are larger than males Stool dilution bronchitis/ pneumonitis
duodenale egg count and
signs of hookworm A. doudenale is larger than Kato smear anemia ( 0.03-0.26 mlblood
Ancylostoma infection; N. americanus loss/worm in 24 hrs) of iron
braziliense Bluntly rounded deficiency type
adult worms in feces or ends Posterior end of the males
Ancylostoma vomit are with membranous
caninum Thin transparent caudal bursa with riblike
reflect moderate – hyaline shell rays for attachment to the
Ancylostoma severe blood loss female during copulation
ceylanicum -Black,Tarry stool Unsegmented at
-Anemia ovipasition Ancylostoma duodenale= 2
ventral pairs of teeth
Chronic diarrhea 2-8 stages of
division in fresh Ancylostoma braziliense= 2
Weight loss feces ventral pairs

Dermatitis-caused by A.doudenale - Ancylostoma caninum= 3

nematode larvae that 20,000eggs/day ventral pairs
do not normally infect
the human host N. americanus = Necator americanus= semi
=common in A. 10,000eggs/day lunar cutting plate
braziliense (intense
itching)
 PARASITE A.K.A DISEASE EGG/CYST ADULT DIAGNOSTIC INFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS HOST LOC. D.H I.H PATHOLOGY MOT NOTES Tx
STAGE STAGE

Strongyloides Threadworm Stongyloidiasis Rabditiform Filariform Rhabtiditiform larvae in Duodenum Human – Nausea and vomiting Ingestion 3 types life cycle
stercoralis Small semi- larva larva feces principal Alternate diarrhea and - direct cycle
Threadworm transparent Upper host constipation - indirect cycle
infection filariform Eggs NOT found in feces jejunum - autoinfection
nematode w/ Weight loss due to
Cochin-china finely striated String test malabsorption and no male form
diarrhea cuticle steatorrhea
ELISA female=
Itching and intermiment reproduces in a
Eosinophilia skin rashes due to parthenogenetic
autoinfection(larva matter
Stool exam currrens)
Rabditiform = free-
Long term survival of Pulmonary symptoms living
infection means screening
must be done before Hyperinfection syndrome; Filariform =
immunosuppresion of fever pneumonia gram parasitic
transplant cancer etc. negative bacteremia
and/or meningitis