Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

1. AIM & OBJECTIVE

The basic aim of this is to study and know the gap between the use of traditional method and
the mechanized transplanters for rice transplantation in India, along with the parameters
related to the existing transplanters. In India very few people are aware about different
existing transplanter, their benefits and requirements in order to achieve higher productivity
and yield. Hence we aim to fabricate Paddy planter, their benefits, requirements and help to
popularize it amongst the people especially amongst small scale labours in our country so as
to minimize cost of production and have better quality of rice. Use of rice transplanter also
generates an alternate source of income for rural youth through custom services on nursery
raising and mechanical transplanting.

 Our objective is to make it flexible i.e. we will change the distance between two rows
and also change the transplanting distance in the rows.
 Our objective is to optimize the operation.

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

2.Literature Review

2.1.Pankaj kumar singh, Harischand srivastav(Rice Transplanting

Machine 2017 ) Manual method of seed planting, results in low seed placement, spacing
efficiencies and serious back ache for the farmer which limits the size of field that can be
planted. The cost price of imported planters has gone beyond the purchasing power of most
of our farmers. To achieve the best performance from a seed planter, the above limits are to
be optimized by proper design and selection of the components required on the machine to
suit the needs of crops. Need of rice trans-planter machine is growing nowadays because it
unique features seeding in well sequence and in well manner. Seeding by rice trans-planter
saves too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machines is
farmers and they are having poor economic background. This paper provides guidelines for
developments in rice Trans-planters used in India. Rice planting is very old method from
many years ago & having long history since many years & their methods of rice planting are
changed in this decade. Use of rice Trans planter machines is new trend but current machines
having high cost of purchase. So the main focus of this project is to minimize the cost of that
machine.

2.2. Ahire Pooja Kakaji, Bhoir Vinita Dilip(Development of Rice planter

machine 2017) Agriculture is the major sector contributing to the Indian economy.
Growth in this field will bring the remarkable change in Indian economy. Also rice is the
most staple food of many countries. Traditional method of rice planting is very tedious job,
with lot of human efforts. So there is a need of mechanizing this process in a affordable cost.
This review paper is based on how we can reduce the human efforts and plant the rice
seedling efficiently using human operated Rice Planting Machine.

2.3. Hariketan B. Patel, Mayur R. Patel(Design Analysis & Fabrication of

Manual Rice Transplanting Machine2018 ) The objective of this paper is to design
a paddy transplanting mechanism to transplant paddy seedling by small scale farmers in the
country. Hence, this is considered as an activity that needed mechanization. For
mechanization the modeling and simulation evaluated for hand operated rice seeding
machine, which is help the farmers to planting more and more amount of rice in good quality
with low energy consumption and less harm to the environment. The high energy
consumption, heavy pollution and high cost condition caused by using diesel and gasoline as
the energy source have been improved. The low efficiency condition caused by using man
power or animal power as the traction source has also been improved. It accords with the
requirement of the ecological agriculture development. It would also help in decreasing the
over dependence of farmers upon labour for transplantation. Transplanter helps to acquire
lesser cost of production with higher yield and production moreover the quality of produced
rice is also good.

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

2.4. Dhanesh D. Patil & Dr. Mangesh R. Phate(Design & Development of

Rice Planter Machine 2014) Need of rice trans-planter machine is growing nowadays
because it unique features seeding in well sequence and in well manner. Seeding by rice
trans-planter saves too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of
machines is farmers and they are having poor economic background. This paper provides
guidelines for developments in rice Trans-planters used in India. Rice planting is very old
method from many years ago & having long history since many years & their methods of
rice planting are changed in this decade. Use of rice Trans planter machines is new trend but
current machines having high cost of purchase. So the main focus of this project is to
minimise the cost of that machine.

,
2.5.IshaSingh ChinmayeeKulkarni,ShahnawazKhan,AkashTangade(Desig
n and manufacturing of rice planter machine):-The basic aim of this paper is to
study and know the research gap between the use of traditional method and the mechanized
trans-planters for rice transplantation in India along with the parameters related to the
existing trans-planters. In India very few people are aware about different existing trans-
planter, there benefits and requirements in order to achieve higher productivity and yield.
Hence we aim to study about Rice trans-planter, there benefits, requirements and help to
popularize it amongst the people especially amongst small scale labours in our country so as
to minimize cost of production and have better quality of rice. Use of rice trans-planter also
generates an alternate source of income for rural youth through custom services on nursery
raising and mechanical transplanting.

2.6. PROF. K.PAWAR,MISHRAAKASHARVIND,MODIAKSHAYANIL,

PRASAD ALOKKUMAR AJAY (RICE PLANTING MACHINE2017)
The basic aim of this paper is to study and know the research gap between the use of
traditional method and the mechanized transplanters for rice transplantation in India, along
with the parameters related to the existing transplanters. In India very few people are aware
about different existing transplanter, their benefits and requirements in order to achieve
higher productivity and yield. Hence we aim to study about Rice transplanter, their benefits,
requirements and help to popularize it amongst the people especially amongst small scale
labours in our country so as to minimize cost of production and have better quality of rice.
Use of rice transplanter also generates an alternate source of income for rural youth through
custom services on nursery raising and mechanical transplanting.

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 Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

S.N. Research paper Author Conclusion

1. Rice Transplanting Machine 2017 Pankaj Kumar Singh, The main focus of this paper
Harichand Srivastav is to minimize the cost of
the machine.

Development of Rice Planter Ahire Pooja Kakaji, The review paper is based
2. Machine 2017 Bhoir Vinita Dilip on how we can reduce the
human effort and plant the
rice seedling efficiently.

Design analysis & Fabrication of Hariketan B. Patil, The main objective of this
3. Manual Rice Transplanting Machine Mayur R. Patil paper to produce more
2018 amount of rice in good
quality and less harm to
environment.

Design and Development of Rice Dhanesh D. Patil & This paper provide the
4. Planter Machine 2014 Dr.Mangesh R. Phate guidelines for development
of rice transplanter in India
with minimized machine
cost.
Design and Manufacturing of Rice Isha Singh Chinmayee The basic aim of this paper
5. Planter Machine Kulkarni, Shahnawaz is to study and know the
Khan & Akash research gap between the
Tongade use of traditional method
and mechanized method of
rice Transplanting.

Rice Planting Machine 2017 Prof. S.K.Pawar, The aim of this paper to
6. Mishra Akash Arvind, study about rice transplanter
Modikshayanil Prasad their benefits, requirement
Alok Kumar, Ajay and help to popularize
amongst small scale labour
in our country.

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3. Fabrication of Various Components:

When we are designing the planting mechanism for the planting unit following aspects were
considered which are as follows moving pathway, travelling speed, catching mechanism for
plant, planting depth. Moving pathway consists of a four bar linkage mechanism which can
be treated as planting arm for the planting unit. This four bar linkage mechanism provides the
basic pick and place movement. In catching mechanism place of catching should be designed
and calculated accurately so that plant shouldn't be harmed or damaged .

Fig 1 model of paddy planter

The main components of rice planting machine are:

1. Wheel

2. Tray.

3. Base

4. Sprocket.

5. Chain.

6. Fork.

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3.1 Fabrication of Wheel

It is wheel which is contact on ground. It mounted on driver shaft. Its motion gives to the
quick return mechanism through the chain drive. On the periphery of this wheel, blade is
mounted to achieve proper grip in mud. We use simple a mild steel strip of 950 mm long and
4 mm thick and force it to make a circular structure and weld the end.

Fig 2 Wheel

Calculation for wheel:

After going through several visits of paddy field we found that we have to plant sixty
sampling for efficient working of machine.

We want to plant 60 seedling per minute, so the number of revolution done by crank in 1
minute is 60.

So the angular speed of crank shaft is 60 RPM.

N1 = 60 RPM
Let us assume transmission ratio is to be 3.

N1/N2= 3

Therefore, N2 = 20 RPM
Where

N1: is the number of revolution of crank.

N2: is the number of revolution made by wheel.

From here we can conclude that for planting sixty sampling per minute wheel must be rotate
20 times.

The distance travelled by wheel in one minute this means distance travel by machine in 1
minute = 60 * (distance between two seedlings)

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

After going through research paper we found that average distance between two samplings is
30 mm.So
Distance travelled by wheel per minute =60 * (0.3) m
s = 18 meter.
Speed = 18 m/min
v = 18/60 m/s
v = 0.3 m/s

Since after getting the velocity and revolution of main wheel we know the the larger sprocket is
compounded with main wheel so

Revolution of wheel = revolution of larger sprockets

Wheel speed = 20 RPM

ω = (2πN2/60) rad/s
where,
ω = angular velocity of base wheel.
Since we know that,
v= (πDN/60) m/s
D= (v*60/πN) m
Where
D= Diameter of base wheel.
V=velocity of main wheel.
D= ( (0.3*60)/(3.14*20)) meter
D=0.2864 meter
D≈ 290 mm

From here we get the diameter of main wheel.

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3.2 Fabrication of Base

For making base of machine use wood as an option so that the weight and cost of project
get minimized . The length of base is approx. 450 mm wide and 525mm .We make structure
according to the requirement and for the movement of fork. For providing more strength we
use hollow rectangular rods for the machine at the wooden base.

Fig 2 Base

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3.3 Joining of Sprocket and Wheel on Shaft

Hollow rectangular rods are used to create strong base for the machine and these rods are join
by using nut and screw. These four rods hold the shaft using horizontal rectangular rods.
Sprocket and Wheel welded on the shaft at optimum distance.

Total number of teeth on big sprocket=18

Total number of teeth on small sprocket=11

Length of chain=560mm.

Fig3 Main shaft assembly

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3.4 Joining of smaller sprocket

Smaller sprocket is welded at another shaft on which four bar mechanism is attached at the
extension .The centre distance between both sprocket is 205mm.Centre distance between the
sprocket play the crucial role as the distance between the column depend on it.

Fig 4 Sprocket Distance

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3.5 Pickering Arm

We used hard wire and bent it in the form of fork in order to make it to grasp the seedling
from the tray. For making it flexible we make it to pass through a hollow path ,at the middle
of hollow passage we use screw for tightening.

Fig.5 Pickering arm

3.6 Four Bar mechanism

Four bar mechanism is main and critical part of design and fabrication. For this purpose we
use six mild steel strips in the pair of two strips of same length. One pair of strip is 100 mm
which is attached to the secondary shaft. Another pair of length 160mm is attached to rotating
shaft fixed at a distance of 135 mm from secondary shaft. Third and the largest strip is used
to join both the smaller strips using nut bolt .Thus when the secondary shaft rotate it forced
the smallest strip to move rotate the whole assembly.

Fig 6.Four bar mechanism

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

3.7 Tray
The paddy support tray is used to place the paddy seedlings. The main objective of it is to
place seedlings such that the seedlings do not fall off while plantation process and the
mechanical arms can grasp it easily and the seedlings are not damaged. This is used to store
the rice plant from where the planting finger pick the plant and saw in the ground. This tray
has two vertical guide slots ,the clearance in the slots are based on fork width and thickness
of sampling stem .After going through various variety of samplings we found that the
average thickness of sampling stem is one centimetre. Sheet metal is metal formed by an
industrial process into thin, flat pieces.

Fig.7 Tray

DIMENSION OF TRAY :-

Length of sheet metal = 540 mm

Width of the sheet metal = 360 mm
Thickness of sheet metal = 2 mm

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

4.Cost Estimation

COMPONENTS AMOUNT (Rs.)

Plywood 350
Hollow rectangular bar 800

Wheel 400

Mild steel strips 300

Chain 200

Sprocket 1 150

Sprocket 2 50

Nut and Bolts 100

Tray supporting rods 200

Pickering arms 90
Flanks 120

Shaft1 60
Shaft 2 60
Shaft 3 60
Labour charge 700

Total cost 3640 (in Process)

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

5.Action plans

S.NO TASK DURATION

1. Study of research papers 28 Jul 2018 - 29 Aug 2018

(Completed)

2. Collecting information regarding components to be 30 Aug 2018 - 30 Oct 2018

used (Completed)

4. Calculating Dimensions 30 Oct2018- 4 Dec2018

(Completed)

5. Fabrication of components 5 Dec2019 – 20 March 2019

(Completed)

6. Assembling the components 22march 2019 – 30 March2019

(In Process)

7. Checking performance and making required 1 April 2019– 10 April 2019

modifications

8. Ready to use 10 April

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

REFERENCES

[1]Arthur Edman, Advanced mechanism design, volume 2, synthesis of four bar linkages,
pp. 173-208.
[2]Zhang Zhi Geag, Luo Xiwen, Zhu, Zcien, Zang Ying.2006. Design of GPS navigation
control system for rice transplanter. Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. 37(7), 95-97

[3] Thomas E.V. and B.S. Ghosh 2005. Performance evaluation of a laboratory model of rice
technology. Agricultural Engineering Today, Vol. 29 (5-6):38-45

[4] S. Pradhan and S.K. Mohanty (2014), Ergo-Economical Analysis of Different Paddy
Transplanting Operations in Eastern India, IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary
Science ,Volume 6, 23-27

[5] Rampuram Jayapa lreddy & Dr. N. Sandhya Shenoy, a comparative economic analysis of
Traditional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) rice cultivation practices in
Mahabubnagar district of Andhra Pradesh, International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 3, ISSN 22503153 2013 pp 2147 -2151.

[6] Baldev Raj Kamboj Dharam Bir Yadav, Mechanized Transplanting of Rice in
Nonpuddled and No-Till Conditions, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013, 4, pp.
2409-2413
[7] Bala Ibrahim and Wan Ismail, 2014, “Development of System Rice Intensification (SRI)
Paddy transpalnter”, Asian Journal of Agriculture Science 6(2), 48-53.

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Modelling and Fabrication of Paddy Planting Machine

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