106 in Biosciences 12(1), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,
Trends Trends in Biosciences
106-109, 2019
Adoption Dynamics of Farmers Regarding Rice Production Technology
LOKESH AHIRWAR*, M. A. KHAN AND SUNIL KUMAR BHANDEKAR
Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture,
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhayalya, Krishak Nagar, Chhattisgarh
*email: arunahirwar1@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Adoption refers to the extent of use of recommended
farming practices of rice production technology by
farmers. The assessment of adoption process provides
valuable information to the researchers, extensionists and
policy makers to identify reasons of low productivity. Extent
of adoption of respondents about practices in rice
cultivation was measured by undertaking the
recommended package of practices for obtaining higher
production of rice production technology. The present study
was investigating the adoption level of farmers about rice
production technology of rice-maize grower families of
Durg district of Chhattisgarh state. Data was collected
from rice-maize grower families that were selected
randomly from each selected 12 villages to make a sample
size of 120 rice-maize farm families, with the help of pre-
tested interview schedule. The result reveals that maximum
respondents (43.33%) had medium level of adoption,
followed by 30 per cent of respondents had high level of
adoption and 26.67 per cent of them had low level of adoption
about recommended rice production technology.
Keywords Adoption, Rice Production Technology and
Rice-Maize Cropping system.
Rice, maize, and wheat are major cereals
contributing to food security and income in South Asia.
These crops are grown either as a monoculture or in
rotations in tropical and sub-tropical environments of
South Asia. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main crop
in summer while a wide range of crops, including rice,
wheat, maize, winter pulses (chickpea, lentil, field
peas), potatoes, and mustard are grown in rabi or
winter season. In the kharif-1 or spring season, short-
duration crops such as maize, pulses (mungbean,
cowpea), and rice are grown. Ranganatha (2001)
found that education, use of mass media, extension
participation, innovation proneness, scientific
orientation and risk orientations were having significant
relationship with the adoption level of small farmers
about organic farming practices. Khan et al. (2002)
found that majority of rice growers had medium level
of adoption of eco-friendly technologies. Jaiswal et
al. (2002) revealed that the partial adoption was a
12 (1), 2019
result of various factors namely, economic constraints,
situational factors and communication gap with respect
to plant protection, seed treatment and fertilizer doses
regarding soybean production technology. Ajrawat and
Singh (2004) concluded from their study that majority
of the farmers in both categories (large and small)
had high level of adoption of seed and irrigation facility
while in reverse weeding technology and plant
protection technology had adopted to low extent
regarding wheat production. Gupta and Chauhan
(2004) reported that no practice was correctly adopted
by any of the respondent regarding home science
innovations. Saxena and Kushwah (2004) observed
that majority of the respondents (40.00%) were found
to be medium level of adopters, followed by high
(34.17%) and low (25.34%) level of adoption about
organic farming practices respectively. Singh et al.
(2004) revealed that majority (57.50%) of cane
growers had a medium level of adoption about
recommended sugarcane technologies. Anupama et
al. (2005) observed that 97% of the farmers fell under
the category of low adoption and only 3% belonged
to the medium adoption category. No farmer was
found having adoption more than 66.00%. Meena et
al. (2005) found that majority of the respondents
(51.33%) belonged to medium level of adoption group
regarding improved practices of cabbage cultivation.
Poswal et al. (2005) found the overall extent of
adoption was 46.45 per cent regarding recommended
practices of sugarcane production technology. Suchan
et al. (2005) reveals that overall 50.00 percent of the
total respondents were found to be in the medium
adoption group, where as 28.00 per cent and 22.00
per cent respondents were in the low and high adoption
group respectively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was undertaken in Durg
district of Chhattisgarh state during 2016-17 in all three
blocks namely Patan, Dhamdha and Durg. From each
selected block four villages on the basis of area under
rice-maize cropping system were considered for this
 AHIRWAR et al., Adoption Dynamics of Farmers Regarding Rice Production Technology 107

Table 1. Distribution of respondents according to Labour requirements in rice crop production

(n=120)
Sl. No. Crops Labour requirements Frequency Percentage

25- 35 mandays/ha 20 16.66

Rice
1. 36-45 mandays/ha 53 44.17

Above 45 mandays/ha 47 39.17

study. The rice-maize cropping system adopted 10
farmers from each selected block were selected as
respondents from all 12 villages, thus a total of 120
farmers (10 X 12 = 120) were selected for data
collection. The data were collected by personal
interview with the help of well prepared, structured
and pretested interview schedule. Data were analyzed
using frequency distribution, percentages, and
correlation coefficient.

Table 2: Distribution of respondents according to extent of adoption of recommended rice production

technology (n=120)
Sl. No. Practices Level of adoption

Low Medium High

F (%) F (%) F (%)
1. Preparation of land 13 46 61
(10.83) (38.33) (50.83)
2. Preparation of seed bed 29 49 42
(24.16) (40.83) (35.00)
3. Selection of seed 23 39 58
(6.67) (32.50) (48.33)
4. Seed treatment 3 18 99
(2.50) (15.00) (82.50)
5. Sowing methods 9 107 4
(7.50) (89.16) (3.33)
6. Seed rate 6 65 49
(5.00) (54.16) (40.83)
7. Selection of variety 2 51 67
(1.66) (42.50) (55.83)
8. Application of manure fertilizers 5 64 51
(4.17) (53.30) (42.50)
9. Water management 0 76 44
(0.00) (63.33) (36.66)
10. Weed management 16 43 61
(13.33) (35.83) (50.83)
11. Insect management 13 49 58
(10.83) (40.83) (48.33)
12. Disease management 14 70 36
(11.66) (58.33) (30.00)
13. Time of harvesting 2 41 77
(1.66) (34.16) (64.16)

* Figures in parenthesis show percentage F=frequency, (%) = percentage

108 Trends in Biosciences 12 (1), 2019

Table 3. Distribution of respondents according to their overall adoption about recommended rice
production technology

Sl. No. Level of adoption Frequency Percentage

1. Low (up to 12 score ) 32 26.67
2. Medium (12 to 16 score ) 52 43.33
3. High (more than 16 score ) 36 30.00

Mean=14.26, S.D. = 2.28

RESULT AND DISCUSSION level of adoption. Concerning to sowing methods,

The data concerned with the distribution of majority (89.16%) of the respondents had low level
respondents according to cropping system followed of adoption, followed by 7.5 per cent of them had low
by them based on labour requirements are compiled level of adoption and 3.34 per cent of the respondents
in Table 1. In rice crop the data reveals that higher had high level of adoption. Regarding seed rate,
percentage (44.17%) of the respondents were majority (54.16%) of the respondents had medium
perceived that they required 36 to 45 labour mandays level of adoption, followed by 40.84 per cent of the
per ha, followed by 39.17 per cent of them need labour respondents had high level of adoption and 5 per cent
more than 45 mandays per ha, and about 17 per cent of them had low level of adoption. Regarding selection
of them required 25 to 5 labour mandays per ha. of variety, higher percentage (55.84%) of the
respondents high level of adoption, followed by 45.5
These labour requirements are excluded with
per cent of the respondents had medium level of
the use of machines and implements. Now a days it
adoption and 1.66 per cent of them had low level of
was observed that most of the famers in general and
adoption. Regarding application of manure fertilizers,
resources rich farmers in particulars are using tractor
majority (53.3%) of the respondents had medium level
and combine harvesters for field preparation and
of adoption, followed by 42.53 per cent of the
harvest-post harvest activities, respectively. Many
respondents had high level of adoption and 4.17 per
farmers are also using chemicals for weed control,
cent of them had low level of adoption.
which also reduces the labour requirements.
Regarding insect management, higher percentage
The findings on extent of adoption of major
of (8.33%) of the respondents had high level of
practices pertaining to recommended rice production
adoption, followed by 40.84 per cent of the respondents
technology by the respondents are presented in Table
had low level of adoption and 10.83 per cent of them
2. The data clearly indicates that regarding preparation
had low level of adoption. Regarding disease
of land, maximum respondents (50.84%) had high level
management, 58.34 per cent of the respondents had
of adoption, followed by 38.33 per cent of the
medium level of adoption, followed by 30 per cent of
respondents had medium level of adoption and 10.83
the respondents had high level of adoption and 11.66
per cent of them had low level of adoption. Concerning
per cent of them not adopted. Regarding time of
to preparation of seed bed, 40.83 per cent of the
harvesting, majority (64.17%) per cent of the
respondents had medium level of adoption, followed
respondents had high level of adoption, followed by
by 35 per cent of the respondents had high level of
34.17 per cent of the respondents had medium level
adoption and 24.17 per cent of them had low level of
of adoption and 1.66 per cent of them had low level of
adoption. Regarding selection of seed, 60.83 per cent
adoption. Regarding water management, majority
of the respondents had high level of adoption, followed
(63.33%) of the respondents had medium level of
by 32.50 per cent of the respondents had medium level
adoption, followed by 36.67 per cent of the respondents
of adoption and 6.67 per cent of them had low level of
had high level of adoption. Regarding weed
adoption. Regarding seed treatment, higher percentage
management, majority (50.84%) of the respondents
(82.50%) of the respondents had high level of adoption,
had high level of adoption, followed by 35.83 per cent
followed by 15 per cent of the respondents had medium
of the respondents had medium level of adoption and
level of adoption and 2.5 per cent of them had low
13.33 per cent of them had low level of adoption.
 AHIRWAR et al., Adoption Dynamics of Farmers Regarding Rice Production Technology
The data regarding overall adoption about
recommended rice production technology are
presented in the Table 3. The data clearly reveals that
maximum respondents (43.33%) had medium level of
adoption, followed by 30 per cent of respondents had
high level of adoption and 26.67 per cent of them had
low level of adoption.
CONCLUSION
This study reveals, majority of the respondents
had medium level of adoption regarding preparation
of seed bed, sowing methods, seed rate, application
of manure fertilizers, water management, and disease
management. In case of other practices like
preparation of land, selection of seed, seed treatment,
selection of variety, weed management, insect
management and time of harvesting most of the
respondents had high level of adoption about
recommended rice production technology may be due
to availability of farm machinery like tractor, rotavator,
high scientific orientation of respondents and maximum
respondents were utilizing 3 to 5 information sources
regarding recommended rice production technology.
In terms of overall adoption about recommended
rice production technology maximum respondents had
medium level of adoption, followed by few of them
had high level of adoption and only some of them had
low level of adoption about rice production technology.
The adoption of farmers about rice production
technology can be increase by organizing training
programme, frequent field visit and timely conduction
of demonstration programme at village level by local
extension functionaries.
109
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Received on 15-11-2018 Accepted on 13-01-2019