RESUME PAS BAHASA INGGRIS

MINAT

Name: Sarah Dwi Aliya

Class: X MIPA 4
 lCHAPTER 1l
A. The meaning of ‘Offer’
Offer means to ask someone if they would like to have something or if they would like
you to do something.
B. Various ways of offering to do something
 How about...
Example: “How about we grab some coffee first?”
 Why don’t...
Example: “Why don’t we read it from the beginning?”
 Why not...
Example: “Why not try another flavor?”
 We could/should...
Example: “We could go somewhere else instead.”
 Let’s...
Example: “Let’s do our assignment!”
 Shall we...
Example: “Shall we go to my house to do the group work?”
C. Responding to an offer
Someone can respond to an offer by either accepting it or refusing it.
Accepting an offer:
 Yes/yeah, great/fine/okay
 That sounds good/That’s a great idea
 Sure, if you like
Declining an offer:
 I’m sorry, I can’t
 I’m not sure about it
 I think I’d rather do other things
D. The meaning of ‘Invite’
Invite means make a polite, formal, or friendly request to someone to go somewhere
or to do something.
E. Various of ways to invite someone
Before you invite someone, you may check the person’s availability by asking questions
such as, “Are you free on...?” and “What are you doing on...?”
Inviting someone can be done both formally and informally. It depends on the context
of the invitation.
Formal ways of inviting someone:
 I’d like you to come to...
Example: “I’d like you to come to my party tomorrow night.”
 I wondered if you’d like to come to...
Example: “I wondered if you’d like to come to the annual gathering next week.”
 I would like it if you could come to...
Example: “I would like it if you could come to my housewarming.”
  Would you like to go to...?
Example: “Would you like to go to Bandung with me?”
Informal ways of inviting someone:
 Are you up for...?
Example: “Are you up for a movie marathon?”
 Do you want to...?
Example: “Do you want to sleep over in my place tonight?”
 Do you feel like...?
Example: “Do you feel like going to the beach?”
 Do you fancy...?
Example: “Do you fancy an outing at noon?”
F. Responding to an Invitation
Someone can respond to an invitation by either accepting it or refusing it.
This can also be done both formally and informally. It depends to whether the
invitation is a formal one or not.
Accepting an invitation formally:
 Thank you, I’d be glad to.
 Yes, I’d love to.
 Thank you so much for inviting me.
Accepting an invitation informally:
 Sure/great/okay.
 That’d be fun.
 I’m up for that.
Refusing an invitation formally:
 I’m so sorry, but I have...
 I’m afraid that’s not good for me. How about...?
 I’d love to, but I can’t. I already have another appointment.
Refusing an invitation informally:
 Sorry, I have a...
 I appreciate it, but I can’t make it.
 Maybe next time?
G. Cultural Awareness
There are various expressions used to offer to do something. The important thing that
you need to remember is whether the conversation is a formal one or not. You can
also soften the offers, to be politer in offering to do something. We can use ‘perhaps’
and ‘maybe’ with the modal ‘could’ and ‘should’, as well as ‘I think’.
Also, we use the modal ‘could’ and ‘should’ in a formal situation, because it sounds
like you’re proposing a good idea instead of giving an advice.
 lCHAPTER 2l
A. Definition of ‘Form’
Form is a printed document with blank spaces for information to be inserted. A form
can also be filled digitally, with a computer, by typing in the variable parts. A series of
documents usually have the printed parts in common, other than the serial number. A
form is used to make it easier to collect information from multiple person at once. It
will also help to make the process of distributing the data a lot easier.
B. Kinds of forms
 Purchase form
 Withdrawal slip
 Deposit slip
 Reservation form
 Registration form
 Medical form
 Order form
C. Advantages of Using Forms
 Easier to collect and distribute
 People write less information about them, leaving only the very important
contents to be written
 Uniformity, which makes the processing a lot more convenience
 Included a signature field, so the person who filled up the form can take all
responsibility if anything goes wrong
 lCHAPTER 3l
A. Definition of ‘Sympathy’
Sympathy is feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortunes; understanding
between people or common feelings between people.
B. Things to do to express your Sympathy
Ways to express your sympathy:
 Offer them a hug or lend them a shoulder to cry on.
 Be a good listener.
 Share fond memories of the said person.
 Show your care to the person.
C. Expression of Sympathy
In formal situations:
 I’m very sorry to hear that.
 That’s too bad. I’m sorry to hear it.
 You must be very upset.
For a serious incident:
 Goodness!
 How awful!
 What a terrible situation.
 How terrible!
For a minor incident:
 Oh, that’s bad luck.
 That’s a nuisance.
 What a shame.
 What a pity.
 That’s too bad.
D. Definition of ‘Condolence’
Condolence is an expression of sympathy, especially when someone’s dead. It can be
written in a letter or card, containing your thoughts, personal memories or a treasured
memory and story with the late person.
E. Offering Condolences
 I’m sorry
 Let me offer my condolences
 I’m sorry to hear about...
 Let me tell you how sorry I am to hear about...
 It must have been hard on you
F. Responding to Condolences
 Thank you
 That’s very kind of you
 I hope you can gain some strength
 CHAPTER 4l
A. Definition of Should
Should is a modal verb, often used when we say what we think is a good or right thing
to do. Should is not as strong as must. It’s usually used to give an advice to someone,
giving an opinion about something, or to say that something isn’t right.
 Giving advice: “You should talk to her directly if you want to make up with her.”
 Giving opinion: “I think you should wear a jacket with a bright color or else you
might seem a little bit dull.”
 Saying that something isn’t right: “This item should have been sold for 4 dollars
and not ten.”
B. Definition of Should Not
Should not means that it is not a good thing to do. It is also used to give advice or
opinion about something.
 Giving advice: “You should not go out so late at night, it’s dangerous.”
 Giving opinion: “You shouldn’t color the picture blue, it doesn’t match.”
C. Should have done
Should have done means it was the right thing to do but we didn’t do it, or we
expected something to happen, but it didn’t.
Example: “You should have done it yesterday, now you’re already busy with other
things to do.”
D. Should be doing and Should have been doing
You should be doing something means that it is the best thing to do or what somebody
is expected to do at this moment.
Example: “I really should be watching the course right now.”
You should have been doing something means that it was the best thing to do or what
somebody was expected to do at a certain time in the past.
Example: “I should have done the exam a lot more carefully yesterday.”
 lCHAPTER 5l
A. Definition of Too
Too means excessively. In a sentence, it is put before the adjective. The ‘too’ clause
expresses cause, and the result will be expressed with ‘to verb 1’. It’s best to avoid
using ‘too’ on formal occasion when there is no clause of result.
CAUSE RESULT
too adjective Infinitive
This bread is too hot To eat

Example: “The ice cream is too cold to eat.”

B. Definition of Enough
Enough with adjectives means sufficiently. In a sentence, it is put after the adjective.
Enough (Adjective) means sufficient. It can be used before or after a plural countable
noun or a noncountable noun.
 As an adjective: We still have enough money to watch a movie in the cinema.
 As an adverb: It’s complicated enough to make me think so hard.
C. Common Expressions

Expressing something Responses

or someone is going
beyond a limit Right/Wrong Surprise When you agree

 I think you’re too  Correct

 Really!
weak to play  Right/OK  So do I.
 Are you joking?
dodgeball  No, I’m afraid  Me too!
 Oh?
 Don’t you realize not  That’s what I
 Goodness!
you’re too old to  Not quite thought too!
behave like that?  What?
 You’re close
 lCHAPTER 6l
A. Definition of Advertisement
Advertisement is a picture, short film, song, et cetera which tries to persuade people
to buy a product or service or join in an event. Advertisement is also a form of
communication for marketing and used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an
audience (viewers, readers, or listeners).
B. Four Important Strategic Questions
 What products will be offered?
Example: The offered products would be a physical album
 Who will be the target costumers?
Example: The fans of the band, and audience in their 20s
 How will the products reach them?
Example: It will be sold in various local music stores
 At what price should the products be offered?
Example: The product will be sold for $9
C. Kinds of Advertisement
 Printed advertisement
It is published by using printed media such as newspaper, magazines, or others.
 Advertorial
An advertisement in the form of a news.
 Display Advertisement
It is displayed in an image or big letters.
 Electronic Advertisement
It is published using electronic media such as radio advertisement, TV
advertisement, or internet advertisement.
D. Language in Advertising
 Evocative
 Informative
 Persuasive
 Powerful language
 Easily understood by the consumer
 Simple with clear pronunciation
 Active sentences
 Solid and strong language
 Positive language
 lCHAPTER 7l
A. Recount Text
Recount is a text which retells event or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either
to inform or to entertain the audience.
B. Structure of Recount Text
 Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
 Events: Describing series of event that happen in the past
 Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story
C. Language elements of Recount
 Introducing personal participant: I, my group, my family, et cetera
 Using chronological connection: then, first, next, after that, first of all, et cetera
 Using linking verb: was, were, saw, heard, et cetera
 Using action verb: look, go, change, run, arrive, take, laugh, sing, et cetera
 Using simple past tense, would + verb 1, past perfect tense, past continuous
D. Tenses used in Recount Text
 Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterit, is used to talk about a
completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past
tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant
past and action duration is not important.
Structure of Simple Past Tense:
o Positive Form: S + V2 + O
o Negative Form: S + didn’t + V1
o Interrogative Form: Did + S + V1?
o Positive Form: S + was/were + V1
o Negative Form: S + wasn’t/weren’t + V1
o Interrogative Form: Were/was + s + V1 + ?
Example: “I played basketball last week.”
 Past continuous tense
The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began
in the past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses
an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.
Structure of Past Continuous Tense:
o Positive Form: S + was/were + V1+ing
o Negative Form: S + wasn’t/weren’t + V1+ing
o Interrogative Form: Was/were + S + V1+ing + ?
Example: “I wasn’t studying for my exam yesterday.”
 Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it
clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter
which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.
Structure of Past Perfect Tense:
o Positive Form: S + had + V3
  Past Perfect Tense
Structure of Past Perfect Tense:
o Negative Form: S + hadn’t + V3
o Interrogative Form: Had + S + V3 + ?
Examples for two events that used past perfect tense:
Event A Event B

John had gone out when I arrived in the office.

I had saved my document before the computer crashed.

When they arrived we had already started cooking.

He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

Past Perfect Tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb
to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.
Example: “She had eaten.”
E. Adverbs of Time in Recount Text
 Adverbs that tell us when
These are usually placed at the end of the sentence. It can also be placed at the
beginning of the sentence to emphasize the time. Some can also be put before the
main verb in formal writing, while others cannot occupy that position.
Examples:
o I studied for Chemistry later.
o Later, I sneaked out from the house.
 Adverbs that tell us how long
These are usually placed at the end of the sentence. In these adverbial phrases
that tell us for how long, for is always followed by an expression of duration, while
since is always followed by an expression of a point in time.
Examples:
o I had been staying at the dormitory for about 3 years.
o The building had been abandoned since the end of World War II.
 Adverbs that tell us how often
Adverbs that tell us how often express the frequency of an action. They are usually
placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, and
must). The only exception is when the main verb is "to be", in which case the
adverb goes after the main verb.
Some other adverbs that tell us how often express the exact number of times an
action happens or happened. These adverbs are usually placed at the end of the
sentence.
Examples:
o I went to her house frequently.
o I had been to Milan twice.
  Using Yet
Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences to indicate that something that
has not happened or may not have happened but is expected to happen. It is
placed at the end of the sentence or after not.
Examples:
o I haven’t got my payment yet.
o Haven’t you collected it yet?
 Using Still
Still expresses continuity. In positive sentences it is placed before the main verb
and after auxiliary verbs such as be, have, might, will. If the main verb is to be,
then place still after it. In questions, still goes before the main verb.
Examples:
o She was still there the last time I crossed the street.
o I think she still have another pair of the shoes.
o Do you still like him?
 Order of Adverbs of Time
If you need to use more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in this
order: (1) how long, (2) how often, (3) when
Examples:
o I was out of the town for 3 months last year.
o I played PC games for 3 hours every day.
o He always made time to visit the place twice every week last month.
F. Adverbs of Manner in Recount Text
Adverbs of manner are used to tell us the way or how something is done. It is formed
by an adjective + (-ly). It’s usually placed after the main verb or after the object, but
it can also be used before the verb.
Examples:
o She did her work terribly.
o He plays the violin beautifully.
G. Adverbs of Place in Recount Text
Adverbs of place tell us where something happens. They are usually placed after the
main verb or after the object.
Examples:
o After the main verb: I’m going out.
o After the object: He took me outside.
 Using ‘Here’ and ‘There’
Here means the towards or with the speaker, while there means away from, or not
with the speaker. ‘Here’ and ‘there’ are combined with prepositions to make many
common adverbial phrases. Both are placed at the beginning of the sentence in
exclamations or when emphasis is needed.
Examples:
o There she goes!
o Here comes the bus!
  Prepositions
A preposition is a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to some other
part of the sentence. The examples of prepositions are about, along, around, in,
off, over, through, and under.
Example: I eat my food under the table.
 End with ‘-wards’
It expresses movement in a particular direction, such as backwards, southwards,
upwards, and onwards.
Example: The ship sailed forwards.
 To express movement and location
The adverbs for this are ahead, abroad, uphill, downhill, outdoors, et cetera.
Example: I went to study overseas.
H. Pronouns
 Personal Pronouns
Point Of SINGULAR PLURAL
View Subjective Objective Possessive Subjective Objective Possessive
1ST
I Me My, mine We Us Our, ours
PERSON
2nd Your, Your,
You You You You
PERSON yours yours
He Him His
3rd Their,
She Her Her, hers They Them
PERSON theirs
It It Its
Example: It had been a long time since I saw Alex. He had been so busy these days.
 Demonstrative Pronouns
SINGULAR PLURAL
Near This That
Far That Those
It can also be used as determiners and as qualifiers.
Examples:
o As determiners: Hand me that book, please.
o As qualifiers: Wow, it only costs this much?
 Reflexive Pronouns
These pronouns can be used only to reflect or intensify a word that’s already there
in the sentence.
There are 8 reflexive pronouns:
o I – myself
o We – ourselves
o He – himself
o She – herself
o They – themselves
o It – itself
o You – yourself
 Reflexive Pronouns
There are 8 reflexive pronouns:
o You – yourselves
Example: He went to the town all by himself.
 Indefinite Pronouns
One Someone Anyone No one Everyone
Each Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody

N(either) Something Anything Nothing Everything

It is used when there is no specific amount told.
Example: Someone told me that our teacher was admitted into the hospital.
 Interrogative Pronouns
These pronouns consisted of ‘who’, ‘whose’, ‘whom’, ‘which’, and ‘what’.
Example: “Who is that guy? I’ve never seen him around.”
 Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns introduce adjectival clauses. It consisted of the same pronouns
as interrogative pronouns.
Example: “I heard the girl whom you knocked into yesterday is the new student.”