SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 1-BARREL BOX CULVERT

1 Design Dimensions and Bar Arrangements Class II Road (BM70)

Type of box culvert B3,0 x H3,0

Clear width m 3,00

Clear height m 3,00
Height of fillet m 0,20

Thickness Side wall cm 30,0

Top slab cm 30,0
Bottom slab cm 30,0

Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall Outside cm 6,0
Inside cm 6,0
Top slab Upper cm 6,0
Lower cm 6,0
Bottom slab Lower cm 6,0
Upper cm 6,0

Bar arrangement (dia - spacing per unit length of 1.0 m)

Side wall Lower outside Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Middle inside Tensile bar mm 12@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper outside Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Top slab Upper edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Lower middle Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Bottom slab Lower edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper middle Tensile bar mm 12@125
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Fillet Upper edge Fillet bar mm 12@250

Lower edge Fillet bar mm 12@250

2 Design Parameters

Unit Weight Reinforced Concrete gc= 2,4 tf/m3

3
Backfill soil (wet) gs= 1,8 tf/m
3
(submerged) gs'= 1,0 tf/m

Live Load Class of road Class II (BM70)

Truck load at rear wheel P= 7,0 tf
Impact coefficient (for Class I to IV road) Ci= 0,3 (D<4.0m)
h 0,0 (D>4.0m)
Pedestrian load (for Class V roads) 0 tf/m2

Concrete Design Strength sck= 175 kgf/cm2

(K175) Allowable Compressive Stress sca= 60 kgf/cm2
ta=
2
Allowable Shearing Stress 5,5 kgf/cm

Reinforcement Bar Allowable Tensile Stress ssa= 1.400 kgf/cm2

(U24, deformed bar) Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar ssy= 3.000 kgf/cm2

Young's Modulus Ratio n= 24

h
Coefficient of static earth pressure Ka= 0,5
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT Type: B3,00m x H3,00m Class II Road
Soil Cover Depth: 1,0 m
1 Dimensions and Parameters
Basic Parameters
Ka: Coefficient of static earth pressure 0,5
gw: Unit weight of water (t/m3) 1,00 t/m3
Gwd gd: Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3) 1,80 t/m3
D gs: Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3) 2,00 t/m3
gc: Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3) 2,40 t/m3
sck: Concrete Design Strength 175 kgf/m2
t2 sca Allowable Stress of Concrete 60 kgf/m2
ssa: Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar 1400 kgf/m2
ta: Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete) 5,5 kgf/m2
ssy: Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar 3000 kgf/m2
H n: Young's Modulus Ratio 24
Hf Fa: Safety factor against uplift 1,2
HT
Basic Dimensions
Hf
H: Internal Height of Box Culvert 3,00 m
t3 B: Internal Width of Box Culvert 3,00 m
t1 t1 Hf: Fillet Height 0,20 m
B
t1: Thickness of Side Wall 0,30 m (> 0.25m)
t2: Thickness of Top Slab 0,30 m (> 0.25m)
BT
t3: Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab) 0,30 m (> 0.25m)
BT: Gross Width of Box Culvert 3,60 m
HT: Gross Height of Box Culvert 3,60 m
D: Covering Depth 1,00 m
Gwd: Underground Water Depth for Case 1, 2 1,00 m (= D)
hiw: Internal Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0,00 m
for Case 3, 4 3,00 m

Cover of R-bar Basic Conditions

Top Slab d2 0,06 m Classification of Live load by truck Class 2
Side Wall d1 0,06 m PTM: Truck load of Middle Tire 7,00 t
Bottom Slab d3 0,06 m Ii: Impact coefficient (D 4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3) 0,3
am: Ground contact length of Middle Tire 0,14 m
bm: Ground contact width of Middle Tire 0,35 m
PTR: Truck load of Rear Tire 7,00 t
ar: Ground contact length of Rear Tire 0,14 m
br: Ground contact width of Rear Tire 0,35 m
PTF: Truck load of Front wheel 1,75 t
af: Ground contact length of Front Tire 0,14 m
bf: Ground contact width of Front Tire 0,35 m
qp: Pedestrian load 0,00 t/m2

Dimension of frame

t1 B t1
H0: Height of frame t2/2 + H + t3/2 3,300 m
D1 B0: Width of frame B + t1 3,300 m
t2 D1: Covering depth at middle of top slab D + t2/2 1,150 m

Class P (t)
1 Class I BM100 10,0
H H0 2 Class II BM70 7,0
3 Class III BM50 5,0
4 Class IV BM35 3,5
t3 5 Class V 500 kg/m2 0,0

B0

2/ 35 (1)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, Load
 Load distribution of truck tire

(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)(2B0-bm')/(am'B0^2) = 1,8180 tf/m2, B= 3,300 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 4,100 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 2,140 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 4,100 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 2,140 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 4,100 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 2,140 m

(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 2,0743 tf/m2, B= 3,300 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 4,100 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 2,140 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 4,100 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 2,140 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire 2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf') 0,5186 tf/m2, B= 3,300 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 4,100 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 2,140 m

(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') = 2,0743 tf/m2, B= 3,300 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 4,100 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 2,140 m
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire not reach to top slab 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 4,100 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 2,140 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 4,100 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 2,140 m

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire

Case.L1: Pvt1 = 1,8180 tf/m2, B= 3,300 m Combination for Case.L2 (2) (2) (3) (3)
Pvt2 = 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m a) + b) a) + c) a) + b) a) + c)
Case.L2: Pvt1 = 2,5929 tf/m2, B= 3,300 m Distributed load total 2,0743 2,5929 2,0743 2,0743
Pvt2 = 0,0000 tf/m2, B= 0,000 m Select the combination case of 2,5929 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load

Pvt1 = 0,000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift

Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa Fs= 1,2481 > 1,2 ok
where, Vd: Total dead weight (t/m) Vd= 16,176 tf/m
U: Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*gw U= 12,960 tf/m

Ws: Weight of covering soil Ws = BT*{(D-Gwd)*(gs-gw)+Gwd*gd} = 6,480 tf/m

Wc: Self weight of box culvert Wc = (HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*gc = 9,696 tf/m
Fa: Safety factor against uplift Fa= 1,2

3/ 35 (1)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, Load
3 Load calculation

Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0,8145
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1,8180
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Pv1= 4,4325

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0,0000 we1= 0,0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,0000 we2= 0,0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0,9000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0,1500
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0,1500
Ph1= 1,2000

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0,0000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,0000
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0,9000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 3,4500
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 3,4500
Ph2= 7,8000

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 2,1600

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0,8145
Wtop Wtop= 0,8145
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1,3091
Pvd Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1,8180
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 0,0000 hiw: internal water depth 0,00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -3,9273
Q= 2,6289

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 X = SM/SV = 1,650 m
side wall (left) 2,1600 - 0,0000 - 0,0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0,000 m
side wall (right) 2,1600 - 3,3000 - 7,1280
invert 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 5,9400 - 1,6500 - 9,8010 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 2,6289 tf/m2
Pvt1 5,9994 - 1,6500 - 9,8990 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 2,6289 tf/m2
Pvt2 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 14,8500 - 1,2467 18,5130
side wall (right) - -14,8500 - 1,2467 -18,5130
internal water 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
uplift -12,9600 - 1,6500 - -21,3840
total 8,6754 14,3144

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 1,8000
Pvt1 1,8180
Pvt2 0,0000
Wtop 0,8145
Ws 1,3091
Pq= 5,7416

4/ 35 (1)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0,8145
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2,5929
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Pv1= 5,2074

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 1,0372 we1= 2,0743 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,2593 we2= 0,5186 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0,9000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0,1500
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0,1500
Ph1= 2,4964

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 1,0372
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,2593
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0,9000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 3,4500
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 3,4500
Ph2= 9,0964

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 2,1600

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0,8145
Wtop Wtop= 0,8145
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1,3091
Pvd Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2,5929
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 0,0000 hiw: internal water depth 0,00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -3,9273
Q= 3,4038

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 X = SM/SV = 1,6500 m
side wall (left) 2,1600 - 0,0000 - 0,0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0,0000 m
side wall (right) 2,1600 - 3,3000 - 7,1280
invert 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 5,9400 - 1,6500 - 9,8010 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 3,4038 tf/m2
Pvt1 8,5565 - 1,6500 - 14,1183 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 3,4038 tf/m2
Pvt2 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 19,1283 - 1,3369 25,5721
side wall (right) - -19,1283 - 1,3369 -25,5721
internal water 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
uplift -12,9600 - 1,6500 - -21,3840
total 11,2325 18,5337

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 1,8000
Pvt1 2,5929
Pvt2 0,0000
Wtop 0,8145
Ws 1,3091
total Pq= 6,5165

5/ 35 (1)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0,8145
Pvd=D*gd Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1,8180
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Pv1= 4,4325

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0,0000 we1= 0,0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,0000 we2= 0,0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*D1 P3= 1,0350
WP=-gw*0 P4= 0,0000
Ph1= 1,0350

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0,0000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,0000
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0) P3= 4,0050
WP=-gw*H P4= -3,0000
Ph2= 1,0050

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 2,1600

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0,8145
Wtop Wtop= 0,8145
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1,3091
Pvd Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1,8180
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 2,7030 hiw: internal water depth 3,000 m
Up=0 U= 0,0000
Q= 9,2592

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 X = SM/SV = 1,6500 m
side wall (left) 2,1600 - 0,0000 - 0,0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0,0000 m
side wall (right) 2,1600 - 3,3000 - 7,1280
invert 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 5,9400 - 1,6500 - 9,8010 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 9,2592 tf/m2
Pvt1 5,9994 - 1,6500 - 9,8990 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 9,2592 tf/m2
Pvt2 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 3,3660 - 1,6581 5,5811
side wall (right) - -3,3660 - 1,6581 -5,5811
internal water 8,9200 - 1,6500 - 14,7180
uplift 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
total 30,5554 50,4164

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 1,8000
Pvt1 1,8180
Pvt2 0,0000
Wtop 0,8145
Ws 1,3091
total Pq= 5,7416

6/ 35 (1)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0,8145
Pvd=D*gd Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2,5929
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Pv1= 5,2074

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 1,0372 we1= 2,0743 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,2593 we2= 0,5186 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*D1 P3= 1,0350
WP=-gw*0 P4= 0,0000
Ph1= 2,3314

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 1,0372
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0,2593
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0) P3= 4,0050
WP=-gw*H P4= -3,0000
Ph2= 2,3014

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 2,1600

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0,8145
Wtop Wtop= 0,8145
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1,3091
Pvd Pvd= 1,8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2,5929
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0,0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 2,7030 hiw: internal water depth 3,000 m
Up=0 U= 0,0000
Q= 10,0341

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 X = SM/SV = 1,6500 m
side wall (left) 2,1600 - 0,0000 - 0,0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0,0000 m
side wall (right) 2,1600 - 3,3000 - 7,1280
invert 2,6880 - 1,6500 - 4,4352 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 5,9400 - 1,6500 - 9,8010 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 10,0341 tf/m2
Pvt1 8,5565 - 1,6500 - 14,1183 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 10,0341 tf/m2
Pvt2 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 7,6443 - 1,6536 12,6403
side wall (right) - -7,6443 - 1,6536 -12,6403
internal water 8,9200 - 1,6500 - 14,7180
uplift 0,0000 - 1,6500 - 0,0000
total 33,1125 54,6357

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 1,8000
Pvt1 2,5929
Pvt2 0,0000
Wtop 0,8145
Ws 1,3091
total Pq= 6,5165

Summary of Load Calculation

Item Pv1 Ph1 Ph2 Pq Wsw q1
Case (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m) (tf/m2)
Case.1 4,4325 1,2000 7,8000 5,7416 2,1600 2,6289
Case.2 5,2074 2,4964 9,0964 6,5165 2,1600 3,4038
Case.3 4,4325 1,0350 1,0050 5,7416 2,1600 9,2592
Case.4 5,2074 2,3314 2,3014 6,5165 2,1600 10,0341

7/ 35 (1)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, Load
4 Analysis of Plane Frame

Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 1,200 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 7,800 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 4,433 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0,000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 5,742 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 3,300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0,000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 3,300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 3,300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0,300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0,300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0,300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 4,68270 tf m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 3,48480 tf m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 4,02254 tf m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5,21054 tf m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1,0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1,0000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1,0000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3,0000 1,0 qA -0,52783740

1,0 3,0000 qB 0,53773740

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -0,26516 qC = -0,26763
qB = 0,26763 qD = 0,26516

8/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -4,9454 tf m
= 3,7549 tf m
= -3,7549 tf m
= 3,7549 tf m
= -3,7549 tf m
= 4,9454 tf m
= -4,9454 tf m
= 4,9454 tf m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 7,800 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 1,200 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -4,9454 tf m
MBA Bending moment at end B 3,7549 tf m L
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
A
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 9,601 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5,249 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 6,087 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -4,443 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -4,945 tf m
MB = -MBA = -3,755 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9,6008 -7,8000 x + 1,0000 x2 , x = 6,268
1,532
Bending moment at x = 1,5316 m is;
2 3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB = 1,808 tf m

9/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 4,433 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0,000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 3,300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -3,7549 tf m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 3,7549 tf m
L Length of member (=Bo) 3,300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 7,314 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -7,314 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0,000 m 3,300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 5,186 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -5,186 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -3,755 tf m
MC = -MCB = -3,755 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1,650 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 2,279 tf m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 1,200 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 7,800 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -3,7549 tf m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 4,9454 tf m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 5,249 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9,601 tf

10/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 4,443 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -6,087 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -3,755 tf m
MD = -MDC = -4,945 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5,2493 -1,2000 x -1,0000 x2 , x = -2,968
1,768
Bending moment at x = 1,7684 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= 1,80812 tf m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 5,742 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 5,742 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -4,94538 tf m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 4,94538 tf m
L Length of member (=B0) 3,300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 9,474 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9,474 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 6,718 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -6,718 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -4,945 tf m
MA = -MAD = -4,945 tf m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9,4737 -5,7416 x , x = 1,650

Bending moment at x = 1,6500 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 2,870 tf m

11/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 2,496 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 9,096 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 5,207 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0,000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 6,517 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 3,300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0,000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 3,300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 3,300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0,300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0,300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0,300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 5,85922 tf m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 4,66132 tf m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 4,72575 tf m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5,91375 tf m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1,0
3 3
k2 = H0t2 /(B0t1 ) = 1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1,00000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3,0000 1,0 qA -0,05452297

1,0 3,0000 qB 0,06442297

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -0,02850 qC = -0,03097
qB = 0,03097 qD = 0,02850

12/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -5,8852 tf m
= 4,6948 tf m
= -4,6948 tf m
= 4,6948 tf m
= -4,6948 tf m
= 5,8852 tf m
= -5,8852 tf m
= 5,8852 tf m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 9,096 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 2,496 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -5,8852 tf m
MBA Bending moment at end B 4,6948 tf m L
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
A
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 11,7399 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -7,3884 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 7,604 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,82 m
Sx2 = -5,960 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -5,885 tf m
MB = -MBA = -4,695 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 11,7399 -9,0964 x + 1,0000 x2 , x = 7,539
1,557
Bending moment at x = 1,5572 m is;
2 3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB = 2,626 tf m

13/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 5,207 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0,000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 3,300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -4,6948 tf m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 4,6948 tf m
L Length of member (=Bo) 3,300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 8,592 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -8,592 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0,000 m 3,300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 6,093 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -6,093 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -4,695 tf m
MC = -MCB = -4,695 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1,650 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 2,394 tf m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 2,496 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 9,096 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -4,6948 tf m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 5,8852 tf m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 7,388 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -11,740 tf

14/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 5,960 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -7,604 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -4,695 tf m
MD = -MDC = -5,885 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 7,3884 -2,4964 x -1,0000 x2 , x = -4,2393
1,7428
Bending moment at x = 1,7428 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= 2,6259 tf m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 6,517 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 6,517 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -5,8852 tf m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 5,8852 tf m
L Length of member (=B0) 3,300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 10,752 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -10,752 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 7,624 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -7,624 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -5,885 tf m
MA = -MAD = -5,885 tf m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 10,7523 -6,5165 x , x = 1,6500

Bending moment at x = 1,6500 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 2,985 tf m

15/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 1,035 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 1,005 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 4,433 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0,000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 5,742 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 3,300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0,000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 3,300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 3,300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0,300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0,300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0,300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 0,92293 tf m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 0,92837 tf m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 4,02254 tf m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5,21054 tf m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1,0
3 3
k2 = H0t2 /(B0t1 ) = 1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1,00000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3,0000 1,0 qA -4,28760990

1,0 3,0000 qB 3,09416490

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -1,99462 qC = -1,69626
qB = 1,69626 qD = 1,99462

16/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB = -3,21591 tf m
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA = 2,32627 tf m
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC = -2,32627 tf m
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB = 2,32627 tf m
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD = -2,32627 tf m
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC = 3,21591 tf m
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA = -3,21591 tf m
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD = 3,21591 tf m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 1,005 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 1,035 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -3,2159 tf m
MBA Bending moment at end B 2,3263 tf m L
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
A
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 1,944 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -1,422 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 1,461 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -0,926 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -3,216 tf m
MB = -MBA = -2,326 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 1,9443 -1,0050 x + -0,0045 x2 , x = -223,018
1,918
Bending moment at x = 1,9180 m is;
2 3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB = -1,346 tf m

17/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 4,433 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0,000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 3,300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2,326 tf m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2,326 tf m
L Length of member (=Bo) 3,300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 7,314 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -7,314 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0,000 m 3,300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 5,186 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -5,186 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2,326 tf m
MC = -MCB = -2,326 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1,650 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 3,708 tf m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 1,035 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 1,005 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2,326 tf m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 3,216 tf m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 1,422 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -1,944 tf

18/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 0,926 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -1,461 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2,326 tf m
MD = -MDC = -3,216 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 1,4217 -1,0350 x + 0,0045 x2 , x = 226,32
1,382
Bending moment at x = 1,3820 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -1,346 tf m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 5,742 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 5,742 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -3,216 tf m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 3,216 tf m
L Length of member (=B0) 3,300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 9,474 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9,474 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 6,718 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -6,718 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -3,216 tf m
MA = -MAD = -3,216 tf m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9,4737 -5,7416 x , x = 1,650

Bending moment at x = 1,6500 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 4,600 tf m

19/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 2,331 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 2,301 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 5,207 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0,000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 6,517 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 3,300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0,000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 3,300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 3,300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0,300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0,300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0,300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 2,09945 tf m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 2,10490 tf m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 4,72575 tf m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5,91375 tf m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1,0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1,00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1,00000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3,0000 1,0 qA -3,81429547

1,0 3,0000 qB 2,62085047

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -1,75797 qC = -1,45961
qB = 1,45961 qD = 1,75797

20/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -4,15578 tf m
= 3,26614 tf m
= -3,26614 tf m
= 3,26614 tf m
= -3,26614 tf m
= 4,15578 tf m
= -4,15578 tf m
= 4,15578 tf m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 2,301 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 2,331 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -4,156 tf m
MBA Bending moment at end B 3,266 tf m L
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
A
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 4,083 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3,561 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 2,978 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,82 m
Sx2 = -2,443 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -4,156 tf m
MB = -MBA = -3,266 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 4,0835 -2,3014 x + -0,0045 x2 , x = -508,086
1,768
Bending moment at x = 1,7681 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -0,542 tf m

21/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 5,207 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0,000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w2 0,000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 3,300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -3,266 tf m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 3,266 tf m
L Length of member (=Bo) 3,300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0,240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 8,592 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -8,592 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0,000 m 3,300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m

Sx1 = 6,093 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -6,093 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -3,266 tf m
MC = -MCB = -3,266 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1,650 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 3,822 tf m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 2,331 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 2,301 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -3,266 tf m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 4,156 tf m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 3,300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 3,561 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -4,083 tf

22/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 2,4427 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -2,9777 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -3,266 tf m
MD = -MDC = -4,156 tf m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3,5608 -2,3314 x + 0,0045 x2 , x = 511,4
1,532
Bending moment at x = 1,5319 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -0,542 tf m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 6,517 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 6,517 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -4,156 tf m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 4,156 tf m
L Length of member (=B0) 3,300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0,060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0,300 m
d Effective height of member 0,240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 10,752 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -10,752 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0,480 m
Sx1 = 7,624 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2,820 m
Sx2 = -7,624 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -4,156 tf m
MA = -MAD = -4,156 tf m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 10,7523 -6,5165 x , x = 1,650

Bending moment at x = 1,6500 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 4,715 tf m

23/35 (2)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsMSN
Summary of Internal forces

Check M N S (tf)
Member Case
Point (tf m) (tf) at joint at 2d
Side wall A -4,945 9,474 9,601 6,087
(left) Case.1 Middle 1,808 8,471 0,000 -
B -3,755 7,314 -5,249 -4,443
A -5,885 10,752 11,740 7,604
Case.2 Middle 2,626 9,733 0,000 -
B -4,695 8,592 -7,388 -5,960
A -3,216 9,474 1,944 1,461
Case.3 Middle -1,346 8,218 0,000 -
B -2,326 7,314 -1,422 -0,926
A -4,156 10,752 4,083 2,978
Case.4 Middle -0,542 9,595 0,000 -
B -3,266 8,592 -3,561 -2,443
Top slab B -3,755 5,249 7,314 5,186
Case.1 Middle 2,279 5,249 0,000 -
C -3,755 5,249 -7,314 -5,186
B -4,695 7,388 8,592 6,093
Case.2 Middle 2,394 7,388 0,000 -
C -4,695 7,388 -8,592 -6,093
B -2,326 1,422 7,314 5,186
Case.3 Middle 3,708 1,422 0,000 -
C -2,326 1,422 -7,314 -5,186
B -3,266 3,561 8,592 6,093
Case.4 Middle 3,822 3,561 0,000 -
C -3,266 3,561 -8,592 -6,093
Side wall C -3,755 7,314 5,249 4,443
(right) Case.1 Middle 1,808 8,471 0,000 -
D -4,945 9,474 -9,601 -6,087
C -4,695 8,592 7,388 5,960
Case.2 Middle 2,626 9,733 0,000 -
D -5,885 10,752 -11,740 -7,604
C -2,326 7,314 1,422 0,926
Case.3 Middle -1,346 8,218 0,000 -
D -3,216 9,474 -1,944 -1,461
C -3,266 8,592 3,561 2,443
Case.4 Middle -0,542 9,595 0,000 -
D -4,156 10,752 -4,083 -2,978
Invert D -4,945 9,601 9,474 6,718
Case.1 Middle 2,870 9,601 0,000 -
A -4,945 9,601 -9,474 -6,718
D -5,885 11,740 10,752 7,624
Case.2 Middle 2,985 11,740 0,000 -
A -5,885 11,740 -10,752 -7,624
D -3,216 1,944 9,474 6,718
Case.3 Middle 4,600 1,944 0,000 -
A -3,216 1,944 -9,474 -6,718
D -4,156 4,083 10,752 7,624
Case.4 Middle 4,715 4,083 0,000 -
A -4,156 4,083 -10,752 -7,624

24/35 (3)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsSum MSN

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
5-1 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
1) At Joint "A" of side wall
Case.1
M= 4,9454 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9,4737 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9,6008 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 6,0872 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 52,20 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 51,074 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +57,3 sc^2 -3523,1 sc -102757,06
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4668
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 13,6694 cm2

Case.2
M= 5,8852 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 10,7523 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 11,7399 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 7,6040 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 54,73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 57,456 kgf/cm2 ( 0,00017 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +51,81 sc^2 -4164,12 sc -121453,48
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4962
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 16,7572 cm2

Case.3
M= 3,2159 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9,4737 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 1,9443 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1,4609 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33,95 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 40,117 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66,31 sc^2 -2472,21 sc -72106,04
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4075
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7,2450 cm2

Case.4
M= 4,1558 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 10,7523 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 4,0835 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2,9777 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 38,65 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 46,886 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +60,82 sc^2 -3113,23 sc -90802,46
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4456
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 10,2277 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 16,7572 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 13,6694 16,7572 7,2450 10,2277 (cm2)

2) At Joint "B" of side wall

Case.1
M= 3,7549 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7,3137 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5,2493 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4,4429 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 51,34 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 42,365 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +64,51 sc^2 -2681,6 sc -78213,19
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4207
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 10,0532 cm2

Case.2
M= 4,6948 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8,5923 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7,3884 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5,9597 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 54,64 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 49,037 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +59,02 sc^2 -3322,62 sc -96909,62
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4567
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 13,0592 cm2

25/ 35 (4)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 2,3263 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7,3137 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 1,4217 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 0,9259 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 31,81 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 32,746 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +71,96 sc^2 -1813,5 sc -52893,84
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3595
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4,8675 cm2

Case.4
M= 3,2661 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8,5923 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3,5608 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2,4427 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 38,01 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 39,926 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66,46 sc^2 -2454,52 sc -71590,26
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4063
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7,7684 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 13,0592 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 10,0532 13,0592 4,8675 7,7684 (cm2)

3) At Joint "B" of top slab

Case.1
M= 3,7549 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5,2493 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7,3137 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5,1861 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 71,53 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 41,158 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +65,48 sc^2 -2568,7 sc -74920,28
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4137
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 10,8446 cm2

Case.2
M= 4,6948 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7,3884 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8,5923 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 6,0927 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 63,54 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 48,365 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +59,58 sc^2 -3256,78 sc -94989,36
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4533
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 13,5140 cm2

Case.3
M= 2,3263 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 1,4217 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7,3137 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5,1861 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 163,63 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28,909 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +74,72 sc^2 -1491,28 sc -43495,72
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3314
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7,1956 cm2

Case.4
M= 3,2661 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3,5608 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8,5923 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 6,0927 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 91,73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 36,905 kgf/cm2 ( 0,0002 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +68,82 sc^2 -2179,36 sc -63564,80
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3875
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 9,7143 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 13,5140 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 10,8446 13,5140 7,1956 9,7143 (cm2)

26/ 35 (4)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, R-bar req

4) At Joint "A" of invert
Case.1
M= 4,9454 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9,6008 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9,4737 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 6,7177 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 51,51 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 51,144 kgf/cm2 ( -0,0007 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +57,24 sc^2 -3530,05 sc -102959,70
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4672
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 13,6218 cm2

Case.2
M= 5,8852 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 11,7399 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 10,7523 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 7,6243 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 50,13 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 57,988 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +51,34 sc^2 -4218,13 sc -123028,78
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4985
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 16,3927 cm2

Case.3
M= 3,2159 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 1,9443 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9,4737 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 6,7177 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 165,40 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 35,573 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +69,84 sc^2 -2060,44 sc -60096,31
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3788
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 10,1615 cm2

Case.4
M= 4,1558 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 4,0835 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 10,7523 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 7,6243 tf c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 101,77 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 43,075 kgf/cm2 ( 3E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +63,94 sc^2 -2748,53 sc -80165,39
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4248
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 12,7660 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 16,3927 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 13,6218 16,3927 10,1615 12,7660 (cm2)

5) At Middle of side wall

Case.1
M= 1,8081 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8,4712 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 21,34 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 29,7686 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +74,11 sc^2 -1561,95 sc -45556,97
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3379
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 2,5707 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 2,6259 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9,7330 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 26,98 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 36,331 kgf/cm2 ( 0,0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +69,26 sc^2 -2127,88 sc -62063,23
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3838
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4,9991 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

27/ 35 (4)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 1,3459 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8,2183 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 16,38 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 26,111 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +76,64 sc^2 -1267,27 sc -36962,10
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3092
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 1,0500 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M= 0,5415 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9,5949 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 5,64 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 20,525 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +80,18 sc^2 -853,78 sc -24901,89
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,2603
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0,0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 4,9991 cm2 in Case. 2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 2,5707 4,9991 - - (cm2)
Side inside inside outside outside

6) At Middle of top slab

Case.1
M= 2,2789 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5,2493 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 43,41 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31,083 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +73,17 sc^2 -1671,82 sc -48761,32
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3476
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5,5122 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M= 2,3938 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7,3884 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 32,40 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33,270 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +71,57 sc^2 -1858,65 sc -54210,53
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3632
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5,0800 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M= 3,7075 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 1,4217 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 260,79 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38,576 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +67,52 sc^2 -2330,59 sc -67975,47
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3981
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 12,1464 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M= 3,8225 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3,5608 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 107,35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 40,606 kgf/cm2 ( 2,3E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +65,92 sc^2 -2517,42 sc -73424,68
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4104
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 11,7412 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 12,1464 cm2 in Case. 3 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 5,5122 5,0800 12,1464 11,7412 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

28/ 35 (4)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, R-bar req

7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M= 2,8704 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9,6008 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 29,90 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 37,9002 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d1
0 = sc^3 +68,05 sc^2 -2269,22 sc -66185,67
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,3938
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5,9364 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 2,9854 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 11,7399 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25,43 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 39,942 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66,45 sc^2 -2456,05 sc -71634,88
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4064
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5,5289 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 4,5999 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 1,9443 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 236,58 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 44,684 kgf/cm2 ( 6,4E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +62,63 sc^2 -2901,4 sc -84624,31
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4338
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 15,2242 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 4,7148 tf m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 4,0835 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9,00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 115,46 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 46,629 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +61,03 sc^2 -3088,23 sc -90073,52
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0,4442
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 14,8384 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 15,2242 cm2 in Case. 3 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 5,9364 5,5289 15,2242 14,8384 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

8) Summary of required reinforcement

Required reinforcement for design is the maximum required reinforcement calculated above in 1) - 4).

Item Side wall Side wall Top slab Invert Side wall Top slab Invert
Point bottom top end end middle middle middle
Side outside outside outside outside inside inside inside
Calculation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Requirement 16,757 13,059 13,514 16,393 4,999 12,146 15,224 (cm2)

29/ 35 (4)BC1-01SingleBox.xls, R-bar req

6 Bar Arrangement and Calculation of Stress
Type: B3,00m x H3,00m
Side wall Top slab Invert
bottom middle top end middle end middle
outside inside outside outside inside outside inside
Bending moment M kgfcm 588.525 262.591 469.477 469.477 370.753 588.525 459.989
Shearing force (joint) S kgf 11.740 0 7.388 8.592 0 10.752 0
Shearing force (2d) S2d kgf 7.604 - 5.960 6.093 - 7.624 -
Axial force N kgf 10.752 9.733 8.592 7.388 1.422 11.740 1.944
Height of member h cm 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Covering depth d' cm 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Effective height d cm 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Effective width b cm 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Effective area bd cm2 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400
Young's modulus ratio n - 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

Required R-bar Asreq cm2 16,76 5,00 13,06 13,51 12,15 16,39 15,22

R-bar arrangement 16@250 12@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 12@125

Reinforcement As cm2 8,04 4,52 8,04 8,04 8,04 8,04 9,05

Perimeter of R-bar U 20,11 15,08 20,11 20,11 20,11 20,11 30,16
M/N e cm 54,735 26,979 54,640 63,543 260,788 50,130 236,579
Dist. from neutral axis c cm 9,00 9,00 9,00 9,00 9,00 9,00 9,00
a' 119,2 35,9 118,9 145,6 737,4 105,4 664,7
b' 737,9 234,2 736,8 839,9 3123,5 684,6 3200,4
c' -17709,5 -5620,4 -17683,0 -20156,9 -74964,1 -16430,1 -76809,2
x 9,22 8,89 9,22 9,02 8,15 9,35 8,57
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
(check) ok ok ok ok ok ok ok

Compressive stress sc kgf/cm2 71,1 37,5 56,7 56,6 44,2 71,1 52,7
Allowable stress sca kgf/cm2 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0
check ok ok ok ok check ok
Tensile stress ss kgf/cm2 2735,5 1529,3 2181,2 2256,5 2064,6 2674,2 2280,4
Allowable stress ssa kgf/cm2 1400,0 1400,0 1400,0 1400,0 1400,0 1400,0 1400,0
check check check check check check check
Shearing stress at joint t kgf/cm2 4,89 0,00 3,08 3,58 0,00 4,48 0,00
Allowable stress ta kgf/cm2 11,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 11,00
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at 2d t2d kgf/cm2 3,17 - 2,48 2,54 - 3,18 -
Allowable stress t2da kgf/cm2 5,50 - 5,50 5,50 - 5,50 -
ok - ok ok - ok -

Resisting Moment Mr kgfcm 496.312 401.232 497.171 497.859 357.215 496.074 419.316
Mr for compression Mrc kgfcm 496.312 411.658 497.171 497.859 503.625 496.074 523.818
x for Mrc cm 9,487 7,773 9,139 8,951 8,079 9,651 8,529
ss for Mrc kgf/cm2 2202,7 3006,0 2341,5 2421,0 2837,7 2141,0 2612,3
Mr for tensile Mrs kgfcm 628.073 401.232 557.278 520.159 357.215 662.394 419.316
x for Mrs cm 13,457 11,496 12,780 12,386 10,214 13,756 10,966
sc for Mrs kgf/cm2 74,5 53,6 66,4 62,2 43,2 78,3 49,1

Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin) 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4,52 4,52 4,52 4,52 4,52 4,52 4,52
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Reinforcement bar for fillet 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4,52 4,52

Minimum requirement of reinforcement bar As min = 4,5 cm2

30/35 (5)BC1-01SingleBox.xlsR-bar stress

DATA PLOT PEMBESIAN

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1 b2 b1

Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 = 0,300 m b2 = 3,000 m
h1 = 0,300 m h2 = 3,000 m h3 = 0,300 m d = 0,06 m
Bb = 3,600 m Ha = 3,600 m Fillet = 0,20 m

2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :
2
As1 (cm ) : O 16 @ 250 O 12 @ 125 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 12 @ 125 O 16 @ 250

Side wall : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :

As1 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 12 @ 250 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 12 @ 250 O 16 @ 250

Top slab : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :

As1 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 16 @ 250 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 16 @ 250

3. Tulangan Miring (fillet) :

Bottom slab : O 12 @ 250
Top slab : O 12 @ 250

4. Nama Bangunan : Culvert Type 1 (3,0 m x 3,0 m)

Lokasi : Tamiang Layang
DATA PLOT MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1 b2 b1

Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 = 0,300 m b2 = 3,000 m
h1 = 0,300 m h2 = 3,000 m h3 = 0,300 m
Bb = 3,300 m Ha = 3,300 m

2. Result Calculation
Side wall (left) Ma Mmax Mb Sa Sb Na Nb MAB MBA
Case 1 -4,945 1,808 -3,755 9,601 -5,249 9,474 7,314 -4,945 3,755
Case 2 -3,216 -1,346 -2,326 1,944 -1,422 9,474 7,314 -3,216 2,326

Side wall (right) Mc Mmax Md Sd Sc Nd Nc MCD MDC

Case 1 -3,755 1,808 -4,945 -9,601 5,249 9,474 7,314 -3,755 4,945
Case 2 -2,326 -1,346 -3,216 -1,944 1,422 9,474 7,314 -2,326 3,216

Top slab Mb Mmax Mc Sb Sc Nb Nc MBC MCB

Case 1 -3,755 2,279 -3,755 7,314 -7,314 5,249 5,249 -3,755 3,755
Case 2 -2,326 3,708 -2,326 7,314 -7,314 1,422 1,422 -2,326 2,326

Bottom slab Ma Mmax Md Sa Sd Na Nd MAD MDA

Case 1 -4,945 2,870 -4,945 -9,474 9,474 9,601 9,601 4,945 -4,945
Case 2 -3,216 4,600 -3,216 -9,474 9,474 1,944 1,944 3,216 -3,216

3. Nama Bangunan : Culvert Type 1 (3,0 m x 3,0 m)

Lokasi : Tamiang Layang

Case 1
Mmax x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 q1 q2
Mab = 1,532 -1,63 0,51 1,59 1,78 1,19 -0,02 -1,72 7,800 1,200
Mcd = 1,768 -1,63 0,51 1,59 1,78 1,19 -0,02 -1,72 1,200 7,800
Mmax y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 q1
Mbc = 1,65 -1,12 0,77 1,90 2,28 1,90 0,77 -1,12 4,433
Mad = 1,65 -1,53 0,92 2,38 2,87 2,38 0,92 -1,53 5,742
 Ha = 3,300 0,413 0,825 1,238 1,650 2,063 2,475 2,888

Bb = 3,300 0,413 0,825 1,238 1,650 1,238 0,825 0,413

x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Sab 3,300 6,55 3,85 1,48 -0,55 -2,23 -3,58 -4,58

Case 2
Mmax x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 q1 q2
Mab = 1,532 -2,50 -1,95 -1,58 -1,38 -1,36 -1,50 -1,83 1,005 1,035
Mcd = 1,768 -2,50 -1,95 -1,58 -1,38 -1,36 -1,50 -1,83 1,035 1,005
Mmax y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 q1
Mbc = 1,65 0,31 2,20 3,33 3,71 3,33 2,20 0,31 4,433
Mad = 1,65 0,20 2,65 4,11 4,60 4,11 2,65 0,20 5,742

Ha = 3,300 0,413 0,825 1,238 1,650 2,063 2,475 2,888

Bb = 3,300 0,413 0,825 1,238 1,650 1,238 0,825 0,413

x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Sab 3,300 1,53 1,11 0,69 0,27 -0,15 -0,57 -1,00
 REINFORCEMENT BAR ARRANGEMENT

Name of Structure : Culvert Type 1 (3,0 m x 3,0 m)

Location : Tamiang Layang

12@250 16@250

0.30

12@250
16@250

12@250 12@250
3.00

12@250 12@250

12@250 12@250 12@125

0.30

16@250

0.30 3.00 0.30

 16@250

0.30 3.00 0.30

Name of Structure : Culvert Type 1 (3,0 m x 3,0 m) - Case 1

Location : Tamiang Layang Name of Structure : Culvert Type 1 (3,0 m x 3,0 m) - Case 2
Location : Tamiang Layang

-3,755 -3,755
-2,326 -2,326

-3,755 -3,755 -2,326 -2,326

2,279
3,708

1,808 1,808 -1,346 -1,346

4,600
2,870

-4,945 -4,945 -3,216 -3,216

-3,216 -3,216
-4,945 -4,945

Moment Diagram
Moment Diagram

7,314
7,314

1,422
-1,422
5,249
-5,249

-7,314
-7,314

-9,474
-9,474

-1,944
1,944
-9,601
9,601

9,474
9,474
Shear Force Diagram
Shear Force Diagram