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Study Mean Patients, Operation approach Complication Mortality, Days Hospital Operative Success Recurrence Follow-up
age, n rate, % % to oral stay, days time, min rate, % rate, %
years intake
Zabaren 71 66 resection ± CPM 18.2 1.5 8.1 11.4 NR 93.9 4.2 4.9 y
1999 [96] 31 endoscopic laser 12.9 0 4.9 8 NR 93.5 0 13 m
was introduced as a minimally invasive approach. It may not be well exposed, such as small pouch, a stiff neck, poor
offer advantages as listed in table 5. The rigid endoscopic mouth opening, prominent teeth, a short neck, a retrog-
stapling technique ensures simultaneous dissection and nathic mandible, retrognathia, large tongue, and rigid
sealing, reducing the risk of bleeding and mediastinitis. cervical kyphosis, etc. Flexible endoscopic treatment is a
The endoscopic approach could however be technically promising technique which can be conducted without the
difficult in some patients whose diverticular septum can- need of general anesthesia and hyperextension of the