CEBU CPAR CENTER INC.

Mandaue City
Tel. no. : (032) 345-0553 / 0906-2251746

BUSINESS LAW Atty. Al Macmod

OBLIGATIONS - 01

I. Identification (Basic Concept/Principles)

______________ 1. Natural or juridical susceptible of being the subject of legal relations.

______________ 2. The fitness to be the subject of legal relations.
______________ 3. The power to do acts with legal effects.
______________ 4. Rule of conduct promulgated by legislative power and obligatory to all.
______________ 5. Incorporated to the principal naturally or artificially.
______________ 6. Added to the principal for its completeness.
______________ 7. Non-compliance of obligation when it falls due.
______________ 8. The thing perishes with the owner rule.
______________ 9. Negligence where there is no existing contract between the parties.
______________ 10. Deliberate act of evading the normal compliance of an obligation.
______________ 11. One in which a debtor may validly pay a monetary obligation.
______________ 12. Means no partial payment or performance is allowed.
______________ 13. Debtor abandons all his property to his creditors for them to sell.
______________ 14. The deposit of a thing in legal form when the creditor refuses to accept or cannot receive it.
______________ 15. The legal basis of quasi-contracts.
______________ 16. One person becomes the debtor and creditor of himself.
______________ 17. Two persons became debtor and creditor of each other.
______________ 18. Gratuitous abandonment by the creditor of his rights.
______________ 19. Change in the object of an obligation.
______________ 20. Extinguishment of obligation by the passage of time.

KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS:
______________ 21. a. Not legally enforceable. / in accordance with natural law.
______________ b. Legally enforceable. / in accordance with positive law.
______________ c. In accordance with both natural and positive law.
______________ 22. a. Obligation governed by the Civil Code.
b. Obligation governed by the Code of Commerce and other special laws.

______________ 23. a. An obligation without a condition or terms.

______________ b. An obligation whose efficacy depends of the fulfillment, or non- fulfillment of a future and
uncertain event.
______________ c. An obligation subject to a term.

______________ 24. a. In either case, the obligation is demandable at once.

______________
“No 25.a person
Obstacle can stop a. Obligation
whowherein
has theonly one party is liable.
determination, will and belief
______________ to succeed.” - Og Mandino
b. Obligation wherein obligation is pro-rated among the parties.
______________ c. Obligation wherein each party is entitled to or liable for the entire obligation.
______________ 26. a. Where only one prestation is involved.
______________ b. Where all prestation are due and demandable.
______________ c. Where only one of the several prestations due had to be preformed.
______________ d. Where one prestation is due but may be substituted by the debtor with another
______________ 27. a. An obligation to give.
______________ b. An obligation to do or not to do.
______________ 28. a. An obligation capable of partial performance.
______________ b. An obligation incapable of partial performance.
______________ 29. a. An obligation based on law.
______________ b. An obligation based on the agreement of the parties.
______________ 30. a. Can stand alone.
______________ b. Depends on another obligations.
II. TRUE OR FALSE
31. Contract is the effect, while the obligation is the cause.
32. D obliged himself to give C P1,000,000 if the latter would not kill X, a third person. In this case, both the condition as well as the
obligation are void.
33. In alternative obligation all things are due just like facultative obligation.
34. In a solidary obligation the remission of the whole debt is a donation to all the debtors.
35. In facultative obligation the right to choose can be given to the creditor.
36. A person civily liable is also criminally liable.
37. Every person obliged to give something is also obliged to take care of it with due diligence of a good father of a family always.
38. The creditor has the right to the fruits of the thing from the time the obligation is constituted.
39. An obligation subject to resolutory condition is demandable regardless of the effects of the happening of the event.
40. Payment made by the debtor to a third person who is not the creditor will not extinguish the obligation.
41. Any waiver of an action for future fraud if done voluntarily by parties is valid.
42. An obligation payable “as soon as possible” is an obligation with a period for the benefit the creditor only.
43. D obliged himself “to pay C the sum of P50,000 which he owes him when he (D) feels like it”. This kind of obligation is valid and
legally enforceable.
44. Solidarity may be presumed just like in joint obligations.
45. Fortuitous event absolutely exempts the debtor.
46. Whoever pays on behalf of the debtor with or without his knowledge can compel the creditor to subrogate him.
47. Application of payment is an exception to the rule on indivisibility of payment.
48. In delegacion, the new debtor’s insolvency will never revive the original debtor’s obligation.
49. Negotiorum gestio is a contract based on the principle of unjust enrichment.
50. When a debtor voluntary pays an obligation that has prescribed already, he may still recover under the rule governing natural
obligations.

III. MULTIPLE CHOICE

51. If the obligation is payable in foreign currency

a. the obligation is void.
b. the obligation is valid, but the stipulation is void.
c. the creditor can compel the debtor to pay in foreign currency as per agreement.
d. The stipulation and the obligation are void.

52. "I'll give you my car one year after your death." The obligation is
a. valid, because the event is sure to come.
b. valid, the obligation is conditional.
c. valid, but disregard the condition.
d. void, not legally possible.

53. Statement No. 1: The concurrence of more than one creditor or more than one debtor in one and the same obligation implies
solidarity.
Statement No. 2: In alternative obligations where the right of choice is exercised by the creditor, consent of the debtor as to the
creditor's choice of which prestation to perform is necessary.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. Statement No, 1 is true while statement NO.2 is false
d. Statement No. 1 is false while statement NO.2 is true

54. Statement No. 1: Legal, compensation takes place by operation of law even if the parties may not be aware of it.
Statement No. 2: The indivisibility of an obligation necessarily implies solidarity.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statement are false
c. Statement NO.1 is true while statement NO.2 is false
d. Statement NO.1 is false while statement NO.2 is true

55. Statement No. 1: D oblige himself to give C a specific car tomorrow. If D failed to deliver tomorrow after demand is made C may
compel D to do his obligation and may ask for damages.
Statement No. 2: D oblige himself to deliver a car to C tomorrow. If D failed to deliver tomorrow after demand is made C's right is
to ask a third person to deliver a car to him at the expense of D plus damage.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
d. No. 1 is false; No 2 is true
56. Statement NO. 1: "I will give you a NOKIA 6610 Phone if you will not marry X this year (2005). If by the end of 2005, both parties
are alive and no marriage has taken place, my obligation is extinguished.
Statement NO. 2: "I will give you P10,000 if I decide to go to Cebu City tomorrow. This obligation is valid.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
d. No. 1 is false; NO.2 is true

57. Which of the following is considered as quasi-contract?

a. Solutio indebiti
b. When the third person, without the knowledge of the debtor, pays the debt
c. Reimbursement due the person who saved property during fire or storm without the knowledge of the owner.
d. All of the above.

58. Statement NO. 1: If the obligation does not fix a period, but from its nature and the circumstances, it can be inferred that a period
was intended, the court may fix the duration thereof. Once it is fixed by the court the parties cannot change the fixed date for
performance.
Statement NO. 2: "I will give you P10,000 if X dies next year." This is an obligation with a period.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
d. No. 1 is false; No. 2 is true

59. Example NO. 1: D owes C P10,000 due on December 25. C owes D P6,000 due on December 25. D's obligation is guaranteed
by G. On the due date D is insolvent. G is liable to C for P10,000, he (G) cannot set up compensation because he is not a
principle debtor.
Example NO. 2: D owes C P10,000 payable on December 25. Later D through intimidation, was able to make C sign a
promissory note stating that C is indebted to D for the same amount. In here, D cannot be required to pay C P10,000 because
he (D) can set up compensation against C.
a. Both examples are true
b. Both are false
c. Only No. 1 is true; No.2 is false
d. Only No. 1 is false; No. 2 is true

60. A judicial relation known as Negotiorum Gestio takes place.

a. When a person voluntarily takes charge of another's abandoned business or property without the owner's consent.
b. When something is received and there is no right to demand it and it was delivered through mistake.
c. When a person is appointed by a court to take the property or business of another.
d. None of the above.

61. The wrongful act or tort which causes loss or harm to another is called:
a. Damages
b. Damage
c. Injury
d. Liability

62. Obligation may be modified by:

a. Changing their object or principal conditions.
b. Substituting the person of the debtor.
c. Subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor.
d. All of the above

63. Which of the following is not a special mode of payment?

a. Dacion en pago
b. Payment by Cession
c. Tender of payment
d. Consignation alone without the need of tender of payment in cases provided for by law

64. A and B are solidary debtors of X and Y, solidary creditors to the amount of P4,000. On the due date with the consent of Y, X
renounced in favor of A the entire obligation. Which of the following is correct?
a. B shall give A P2,000
b. Y can still collect from A or B P2,000.
c. Y can collect from X P2,000.
d. X has no obligation to reimburse Y any amount

65. The act of abandoning all his properties in favor of his creditors so that the latter may cause their sale and apply the proceeds
thereof to their claims proportionately is called:
 a. dacion en pago
b. set off
c. payment by cession
d. tender of payment with consignation

66. Which obligation is not valid?

a. "I promise to give you P100,000 on December 25, 2007"
b. "I promise to give you P100,000 if my mood dictates".
c. "I Promise to give you P100,000 if your patient dies".
d. "I promise to give you P100,00Q if you pass the May 2007 CPA Board Examination."

67. A source of obligation where negligence resulted to crime:

a. culpa contractual
b. quasi-contract
c. culpa delictual
d. culpa aquiliana

68. Which of the following is an obligation with a period for the benefit of both the debtor and the creditor?
a. Payable if I like
b. Payable when you like
c. Payable on or before December 25, 2005
d. Payable on December 24, 2005
69. Which of the following obligations is not subject to a period?
a. payable soonest
b. payable "little by little"
c. payable whenever "I like it"
d. payable "when my means permits me to"

70. Which of the following is not a generic obligation?

a. obligation to pay P5,000
b. obligation to deliver Toyota INNOVA 2005
c. obligation to deliver 50 cavans of rice
d. obligation to give a delimited generic object
71. A and B are the debtors and .X and Yare the creditors in a solidary obligation to the tune of P80,000. On due date, X renounced
in favor of A the entire obligation which was validly accepted by A. Which of the following is true?
a. B shall give P40,000 to A
b. Y can collect from X P40,000
c. Y can still collect from A or B the
d. A can collect P4.o,OOO from B.

72. The following, except one, are requisites of payment as a mode of extinguishing an ordinary obligation. Which is the exception?
a. complete or full payment
b. payment in due course when the obligation is due and demandable
c. payment using negotiable instrument
d. payment using legal tender, except if payable in foreign currency

73. Statement No. 1: An obligation which has for its object the delivery of a "delimited generic" object may be lost by reason of
fortuitous vent.
Statement No. 2: There can be no delay in an obligation not to do.
a. Both statement are true
b. Both statements are false
c. Statement No. 1 is true while statement NO.2 is false
d. Statement No. 1 is false while statement No. 2 is true

74. A and B signed a promissory note to borrow P6,000 from X, Y and Z, payable in 6 months time. B gave in pledge a P10,000
diamond ring as security for the amount borrowed. How much can Y collect from B?
a. P1,000
b. P6,000
c. P2,000
d. P3,000

75. If in the situation given above, the diamond ring is returned by agreement to B, which of the following statement is correct?
a. Principal obligation is extinguished
b. Only P2,000 of the obligation is extinguished
c. Only P3,000 of the obligation is extinguished
d. None of the above.
76. A, Band C executed a promissory note worded as follows:
We promise to pay X, Y and Z the sum of P90,000
 (Sgd,) A, B and C
a. A is obliged to pay to X, Y and Z P90,000
b. A is obliged to pay X P30,000
c. A is obliged to pay X P60,000
d. A is obliged to pay X P10,000

77. The distinction between period and condition is

a. Period may or may not happen
b. Condition will always happen
c. Period may refer to a past event unknown to the parties
d. Period is certain to happen unlike condition

78. The debtor shall lose every right to make use of the period except:
a. When he does not furnish a guaranty or security to the creditor
b. When after the obligation has been constituted he becomes insolvent, unless he gives a guaranty or security for the
debts
c. When the debtor attempts to abscond
d. When the debtor violates any' undertaking in considerations of which the creditor agreed to the period.

79. A owes B P100,000 due on December 12, 2005. A mortgaged his house to B as guaranty for the debt. Shortly, however, the
mortgaged house was completely destroyed by typhoon "Nitang". Thereafter, B demanded payment from A on October 28, 2005.
Is B's demand valid?
a. No. The obligation is one with a definite period, thus the creditor cannot demand fulfillment of the obligation as such
would be prejudicial to the rights of the debtor.
b. No. The obligation is' extinguished because the object of the obligation is lost through a fortuitous event.
c. Yes. The debt becomes due at once because the guaranty was lost even through a fortuitous event, unless the
debtor can mortgage another property that is equally satisfactory.
d. Yes. The debt becomes due at once because from the tenor of the obligation, the period established is for the benefit
of the creditor solely thereby giving the ,creditor the right to demand performance even before the date stipulated.

80. Statement No. 1: When the fulfillment of the suspensive or resolutory condition depends upon the sole will of the debtor, the
conditional obligation shall be void.
Statement No. 2: If the original obligation is subject to a suspensive or resolutory condition and the contract is novated the new
obligation shall be under the same conditions unless otherwise stipulated.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
d. No.1 is false; No. 2is true

81. Proof of pecuniary loss is necessary for the award of:

a. Liquidated damages
b. Exemplary damages
c. Actual damages
d. Temperate damages
82. In contracts and quasi-contracts, the liability of the debtor who acted in good faith:
a. Extends to all natural and probable consequences of the breach of the obligation, and which the parties have
foreseen or could have reasonably foreseen at the time the obligation was constituted.
b. Extends only to results intended but excluding exemplary damages.
c. Extends to all damages which may be reasonably attributable to the nonperformance of the obligation.
d. Extends to all damages which may be renounced in advanced

83. All are secondary modes of extinguishing on obligation except one:

a. Compromise
b. Illegality
c. Impossibility
d. Performance

84. The creditor is entitled to recover damages and interest in addition to the penalty stipulated:
a. When the parties so agreed
b. When the debtor refuses to pay the penalty
c. When the debtor is guilty of fraud in the fulfillment of the obligation
d. All of the above

85. “Vin Diesel will continue giving Tommy Lee the latter’s meal allowance until he finds a job”, is an obligation subject to:
a. a resolutory period
b. a suspensive condition
c. a resolutory condition
d. a suspensive period
86. Statement No. 1: Dacion en pago does, not totally extinguish the whole obligation.
Statement No. 2: In obligation with penal clauses, it is necessary for the creditor to show proof of actual damages suffered by
him on account of the non-performance of the obligation by the debtor.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. Statement No. 1 is true while statement No. 2 is false
d. Statement No. 1 is false while statement No. 2 is true

87. In three of the following cases, facultative compensation shall prosper? Which is the exception?
a. gratuitous support
b. civil liability arising from crime
c. mutuum
d. depositum

88. Statement No. 1: In solution indebiti, damages in case of non-compliance.

Statement No. 2: Negligence, as a ground for damages, refers to the nonperformance of an obligation with respect to time.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. Statement No. 1 is false while statement No.2 is true
d. Statement No. 1 is true while statement No.2 is false
89. Statement No. 1: The creditor may be compelled to accept payment in checks as long as the check is negotiable.
Statement No. 2: As a rule in payments involving foreign currency, the basis of payment is the exchange rate at the time of
constitution of obligation.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. Statement No. 1 is true while statement No. 2 is false
d. Statement No. 1 is false while statement No.2 is true
90. Novation changing the creditor without debtor's approval:
a. Subrogation
b. Expromision
c. Delegacion
d. Conventional novation
91. Debtor obliged himself to deliver to creditor 100 cavans of rice on June 1, 2005. On said date, D failed to make delivery despite
repeated demands by C. In this case:
a. C has no remedy under the law
b. C can compel D to deliver 100 cavans of rice plus damages
c. C may ask a third person to deliver 100 cavans of rice to him, the value recoverable from D plus damages.
d. None of the above.

92. D obliged himself to paint the house of C or to paint the picture of C in his house (SALA) in an standing position, using 10 by 10
canvass. Later, because of financial reverses, C sold his house to X. Which of the following statements is correct.
a. The obligation of D is extinguished because he cannot make a choice
b. D may just paint the picture of C
c. D may cancel the contract and ask for damages
d. None of the above.

93. In tender and consignation: if after consignation is made, the creditor allow the debtor to withdraw the thing deposited in court,
which of the following statements is incorrect.
a. Co-debtors, guarantors, and sureties are released from the obligation unless they consented
b. The obligation remain to subsist
c. The obligation is extinguished
d. Obligation is not extinguished

94. Statements No.1: "I promise to pay within 2 years" is an obligation with a period, the creditor having a right to demand payment
within 2 years from the date of the instrument.
Statement No. 2: Ten sacks of corn cannot be compensated (conventional compensation) by ten sacks of rice.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true, No. 2 is false
d. No. 1 is false, No.2 is true
95. Example 1 - D promised to give C a specific car valued, P1 00,000 after C has killed X. Later, after the killing the contract was
novated instead of giving C a specific car he will just give a specific land to be delivered on February 28, 1998. Meantime, both
parties died. In here, the heirs of C may compel the execution of the second contract, that is, the delivery of the specific land.
Example 2 - S sold to B a specific residential house situated in Bulacan for P1M, unknown to both parties one (1) hour before
the sale the property was totally gutted by fire caused by electrical defect. In here, B can be required to pay the price of the sale,
because the subject is determine S's obligation to deliver is extinguished, while B's obligation remain to subsist.
a. Both example are true
 b. Only No.2 is true, while No. 1 is false
c. Only NO.2 is false, while No. 1 is true
d. Both examples are false

96. Mr. Debtor owes Mr. Creditor who has two (2) legitimate emancipated children, P50,000 payable on December 31, 2005. which
of the following is correct?
a. If Mr. Debtor dies before December 31, 2005, Mr. Creditor cannot collect from the heirs of Mr. Debtor.
b. If Mr. Debtor dies before December 31, 2005, Mr. Creditor can collect from the heirs of Mr. Debtor.
c. If Mr. Creditor dies, his two (2) legitimate emancipated children cannot recover from Mr. Debtor his' obligation.
d. If both Mr. Debtor and Mr. Creditor die, the heirs of Mr. Creditor can collect from the heirs of Mr. Debtor.

97. The officious manager or gestor is liable for any fortuitous event in all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. If he has undertaken risky operations which the owner was accustomed to embark upon.
b. If he has preferred his own interest to that of the owner.
c. If he fails to return the property or business after demand by the owner.
d. If he assumed the management in bad faith.

98. On October 4, 2005, A is indebted to B for P50,000 for a 20-day period. A proposed to B that X will pay A's debt, and that A will
be free from all liabilities. B and X agreed to the proposal. On October 25, 2005, when B tried to collect from X, he finds that X is
insolvent. AT the time of delegacion, X was already insolvent but this was not known to A. The insolvency is not of public
knowledge. So B sues A on the ground that it was A who made the proposal and that A really guaranteed X's solvency. Decide.
a. A is liable because he is presumed to have guaranteed X's solvency.
b. A is not liable, because A does not know the insolvency of X at the time of delegation and neither was the insolvency
of public knowledge.
c. A is liable because he did not exercise due diligence in determining the insolvency of X.
d. A is liable because X agreed to the proposal to make himself solidary liable for the obligation.
99. D1 and D2 are joint debtors of C1, C2, C3, and C4, solidary creditors to the amount of P1 ,000. How much can C3 collect from
D1?
a. 500
b. 1,000
c. 250
d. 125

100. D owes C P10,000 payable on December 25, while C owes D P10,000 payable on December 30. In here, C can set up
compensation (or cum pondere) on December 25, and this is called:
a. Legal
b. Partial
c. Judicial or “set-off”
d. Facultative

101. The following, except one, are primary modes of extinguishing obligations. Which is the exception?
a. Confusion
b. Compensation
c. Condonation
d. Compromise

102. 1st Statement: The parties may not agree upon the compensation of debts which are not yet due.
2nd Statement: Anything paid may be recovered with fruits and interests, the obligor NOT being aware of the period.
a. True, True
b. False, False
c. True, False
d. False, True

103. X, Y and Z solidarily bound themselves to pay to solidary creditors A, B and C the amount of P75,000.00. The loan was secured
by a mortgage on B's land. Out of gratuity, A, in a public instrument, remitted the obligation in favor of X. In this case, which
statement is correct?
a. The principal obligation is extinguished
b. The real estate mortgage is extinguished
c. Both the principal obligation and the mortgage are extinguished by remission
d. Both the principal and the accessory obligations subsist.

104. D obliged to give C, either object No. 1 valued P15,000; or object No. 2 valued P10,000; or object No. 3 valued P5,000. All the
objects were lost due to D’s fault in the following order stated.
a. D’s obligation is extinguished
b. D’s obligation is to pay the value of object No. 1 plus damages
c. C’s right is to demand the value of any of the object plus damages
d. None of the above
105. In question No. 104 if object No. 1 is lost due to fortuitous event; No. 2 is lost due to debtor’s fault; No. 3 is subsisting;
a. The right of C is to demand the value of object No. 2 plus damages
b. C has no right because he did not communicate what object the debtor will deliver
c. The obligation of D is to deliver object No. 3
d. D’s obligation is totally extinguished.

106. Statement No. 1: Just before the obligation became due and demandable, the debtor proposed to the creditor that he would give
him a specific car instead of paying P150,000.00, and which proposal was accepted by the creditor. Here, there is
extinguishment of an obligation by way of dacion en pago.
Statement No. 2: After substitution in facultative obligations, the loss of the principal through the fault or negligence of the debtor
shall render him liable for damages in favor of the creditor.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true, No.2 is false
d. No. 1is ,false, No.2 is true

107. A1, A2 and A3 oblige themselves solidarily to give C a specific car valued P12,000. On the due date, C demanded delivery but
the debtors failed to deliver. The next day, while A1 still in possession of the car, it got lost due to fortuitous event. The right of C
is
a. None, obligation is totally extinguished
b. Proceed against any of the debtors for the value and damages
c. Proceed against A1 only, because he is the one is possession at the time it was lost
d. Proceed against A2 or A3 but only P4,000 each.

108. 1st Statement: Partial loss of the thing in an obligation or extreme difficulty to perform is a ground to modify an obligation.
2nd Statement: Condonation may give rise to donor's tax liability even without debtor's ACCEPTANCE.
a. True, True
b. False, False
c. True, False
d. False, True

109. I will give you a specific car if you will not marry X this year, 2002. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. If on December 25, X died and no marriage took place, my obligation becomes effective (not extinguished) because
the expected event cannot occur anymore
b. If on December 25 you marry X, my obligation is extinguished because you violated the condition
c. If the year has ended, and no marriage took place, both parties are still alive, my obligation becomes effective (not
extinguished) because the time indicated has already elapsed
d. If on December 25, X entered the convent, the obligation can be demanded immediately because it is clear that the
marriage will not take place anymore.
e. All of the above.

110. Which is not a source of obligation?

a. Law
b. Culpa Aquilana
c. Culpa Contractual
d. Quasi Contract

111. D obliged himself to give C a specific car if the latter cannot make a circle that is at the same time a square.
a. The obligation is impossible, therefore void.
b. The obligation is void because the condition is outside the commerce of man.
c. D cannot be obliged to deliver at all.
d. Answer not given.

112. Statement No. 1: In alternative obligations, all the objects promise by the debtor to the creditor are all due.
Statement No. 2: In facultative obligations, there are two objects due but the obligor can deliver one thing due and the obligation
is extinguish.
a. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
b. No. 1 is false; No. 2 is true
c. Both are true
d. Both are false

113. Statement No. 1: “I will give you P10,000 if you pass the May 2007 CPA examination”. On the fist day, of the examination that is
May 12, I poisoned you and you failed to take the examination. The next day my obligation is extinguished because you cannot
pass the examinations anymore.
Statement No. 2: “Novation may be presumed.
a. Both are true
b. Both are false
c. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
 d. No. 1 is false; No. 2 is true

114. A-1 and A-2 are solidary debtors of B-1, B-2 and B-3, joint creditors in the amount of P90,000. How much can B-3 collect from
A-2?
a. B-3 could collect P30,000 from A-2.
b. B-3 could collect P90,000 from A-2 and give P30,000, each to B-1 and B-2.
c. B-3 could collect P45,000 from A-2 and give P13,000, each to B-1 and B-2.
d. B-3 could collect P15,000 from A-2 and P13,000 from A-1.

115. Legal subrogation is presumed in the following cases except:

a. When the creditor pays another creditor who is preferred
b. When a stranger pays the obligation with debtor’s consent
c. When a guarantor pays the obligation
d. When the mortgagor pays the mortgagee

116. Statement No. 1: A solidary creditor can assign his rights even without the consent of the other creditors.
Statement No. 2: In an obligation that is impossible of division, the debt can be enforced only by proceeding against all the
debtors. If one of the debtors should be insolvent, the other shall not liable for his share.
a. Both are true.
b. Both are false.
c. No. 1 is true; No. 2 is false
d. No. 1 is false; No. 2 is true

117. Amazed by the skill of X who can paint portraits using paint brushes inserted in his right armpit, Y entered unto a contract with
the former to have his own portrait done and gave X P50,000 as full payment therefor. After he has started painting the portrait
but before its completion, X was sideswiped by a speeding car while walking beside the railway causing the doctors to have his
right arm amputated, In this case what is the remedy of Y?
a. Nothing, as the service became impossible by reason of an act independent of the will of the debtor.
b. Equivalent performance in terms of damages
c. Specific performance by compelling X to go on painting Y's portrait.
d. Substitute performance by allowing a third person to do his portrait with expenses therefor charged to X.

118. Statement No. 1: D obliges himself to give C a specific ring, upon failure, to give C P5,000. This is a case of facultative
obligation.
Statement No. 2: D obliges himself to give C a specific ring. However, if he so desires, D may instead give C P5,000. This is an
example of an obligation with a penal clause.
Given these examples, which statement is correct?
a. Both obligations are valid but both are mislabeled as to their classification as obligations.
b. Both obligations are not valid.
c. Both obligations are valid and are properly labeled as to their classification as obligations.
d. Both statements are invalid and improperly labeled as to their classification asobligations.

119. In novation which of the following is incorrect?

a. If the new obligation is void, original obligation shall subsist
b. In expromission, the insolvency of the new debtor shall not revive, the action of the creditor-against the original
debtor
c. If the original obligation is subject to a suspensive condition, the new obligation is not subject to the same condition
unless stated
d. While if the condition is resolutory, the new is also subject to a resolutory condition, unless otherwise stated

120. A is obliged to give B his only car on September 2007. On the said date, A did not deliver despite demand from B. On September
2, 1997, an earthquake completely destroyed the car. Is A still liable?
a. No. Considering that no demand to deliver was made by B and the specific thing was lost, due to fortuitous event, the
obligation is extinguished.
b. No. The obligation is extinguished, even if the debtor is already in default because the debtor can plead impossibility
of performance.
c. Yes. A is already in legal delay, thus the obligation to deliver the lost specific thing is converted into monetary claim
for damages.
d. Yes. The creditor can instead demand for a substitute of equivalent value from the debtor.

**END**
“Most people don’t fail – they quit. They give up on their dreams and blame fate and bad luck. Too late they realize they gave up too
soon.”

- From the book, “How to control your Life” – by R. Sieger