A

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ON

CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING
Submitted to partial fulfillment of
the Requirement for the award of
degree Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

BY

SOURAV THAKAN

ROLL NO:- 15EVVCE154

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (EAST)

SISYAWAS, SECTOR-36, NRI ROAD, JAGATPURA, JAIPUR (303012)

 VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (EAST)
SISYAWAS, SECTOR-36, NRI ROAD, JAGATPURA

JAIPUR-303012, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

It is here declared that the work, which is being presented in the summer training report titled
“CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” in partial fulfillment of the award of B.tech. and
submitted in the department of CIVIL ENGINEERING of “Vivekananda Institute Of Technology
(EAST)”, Jaipur is an authentic record of the work under the supervision and valuable guidance of

“Mr. Manish Bishnoi”, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering.

The matter presented in the report embodies the result of the studies carried out by the
student and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree in this or any other institute.

Name of candidate: SOURAV THAKAN

RTU Roll No:- 15EVVCE154

 VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (EAST)
SISYAWAS, SECTOR-36, NRI ROAD, JAGATPURA

JAIPUR-303012, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. SOURAV THAKAN Roll No. 15EVVCE154 has submitted the summer
training report “CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING’’ in partial fulfillment for the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Civil Engineering). The report has been prepared as per the
prescribed format and is approved for submission and presentation.

Mr. Ravi Kant Mr. ANIL KUMAR

Pareek Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Civil Engg.
Professor & Head, VIT East, Jaipur-
Dept. of Civil Engg. 302012
VIT East, Jaipur-
302012
 ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T

It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at Rlr Infra Pvt.
Ltd. I consider myself as a very lucky individual as I was provided with an opportunity to-be a
part of it.

I would like to express my gratitude to Er. Ankit Choudhary, Rlr Infra Pvt. Ltd. for his invaluable
suggestions,motivation , guidance and support throughout the training. I am highly indebted to
him for his constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project.

Thanks to all Rlr Infra Pvt. Ltd. officials and other members, for their help in completing the
training and see the light of success.

I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will strive to

use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way, and I will continue to work on
their improvement, in order to attain desired career objectives.

Date:- SOURAV THAKAN

Roll No.:
15EVVCE154VIT(EAS
T)
i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.no Chapter Description Pg. No

1 1 1: INTRODUCTION 1-5
1. About The Project
2. Project Name
3. Scope
4. About The Building
5. Types Of Building

2 2 2: MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION 6-11

1. Cement
2. Aggregate
3. Water
4. R.C.C

3 3 3: EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINES 11-16

1. Grinding Machine
2. Batching Machine
3. Transportation
4. Compactors

4 4 4: BRICK MASONARY 17-23

1. Class Of Brick
2. Size And Weight Of Bricks
3. Structure Of Brick
4. Types Of Brick Masonary
5. Tools Used In Brick Masonry
6. Procedure Of Brick Masonry

5 5 5. PLASTER 24-27

2
 1. Mortarfor Plastering
2. Tools For Plastering
3. Method Of Plastering

6 6 6. REFERENCES 28

7 7 7. CONCLUSION 29

3
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. no. TITLE PAGE

1 R.H.B Logo 2
2 Storage of cement 8
3 Batching machines 10
4 Grinding machines 11
5 Conveyor belt 12
6 Rope and basket system 13
7 Dog legged stairs project 15
8 Bricks 17
9 Stretcher bond 20
10 English bond 21
11 Thickness of bond 22
12 Plaster 24

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE

1 About The Project 1
2 Type Of Bricks 6
3 Coating Detail 26

iv
Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT

1. NAME OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION OF LIG-(G+7), 2976 FLATS

2. AREA 345 sq2 feet per flat

3. WORK(MASORS) M/S CRESCENT CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

4. PROJECT Mr. ANKIT CHOUDHARY

MANAGER
5. COMPANY M/S RLR CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

6. LOCATION OF SITE DWARKAPURI, SECTOR-26, PRATAP NAGAR,

SANAGNER, JAIPUR
7. DATE 15-05-2018
OF
STARTING

TRAINING
8. DATE 30-06-2018
OF
COMPLETING
TRAINING
9. DURATION 18 MONTH
OF
PROJECT

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1.2 PROJECT NAME

Construction of LIG (G+7), 2976 flats at Dwarkapuri Pratap Nagar, Sanganer, Jaipur, scheme
launched by Rajasthan Housing Board, Jaipur and the construction of this multistory residential

finished house.

1.3 SCOPE : Design and construction of multistoried finished houses including basement
parking, based on RCC monolithic shear wall concept, using aluminum form work.

 No. of Towers – 1  No. of Flats – 2976

 Construction period – 32months  Type of contract – Rate Contract

 Architech – B.E CONSULTANTS  Estimated Project cost – Rs.124.00 crore

 Agency-M/S RLE INFRA
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

 Client Name – RHB, Jaipur

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1.4 ABOUT THE BUILDING

It project is a multi-storey residential with community Centre & Basement Parking building.
This building is constructing for higher class people. The department has divided the residential
buildings in different group as mentioned below-

HIG (HIGH INCOME GROUP) :

This group includes the flats of cost is more than 40 lac and above.

MIG (MIDDLE INCOME GROUP) :

This group includes the flats of cost varies between 20-40 lac.

LIG (LOW INCOME GROUP) :

This group includes the flats of cost is less than 12-20lac.

EWS (ECONIMAL WEAKER SECTION) :

This group includes the flats of cost is less than 6-12 Lac.

This building insists In HIG (Higher Income Group).It is a ten storey building (S+10).Entire
building is constructed in one apartments. The number of flats in each floor is Eight in each
apartment. Each flat consists three bed room, a drawing room and a kitchen (3 BHK) with attech
bathroom and toilet and balcony. The height of each floor is 3 meter. The dimensions of all flats
were same.

Dimensional detail of a flat:

Drawing Room : (4.25*4.38) meter Bed

Room (1) : (4.25*3.00) meter Bed Room

(2) : (4.20*2.76) meter Bed Room (3) :

(3.30*4.17) meter

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Kitchen : (2.28*3.00) meter

Toilet : (2.70*1.50) meter

Balcony : (5.57*1.50) meter

Single window has provided in living room, bed rooms and kitchen. Each flat consists a balcony
in front and rear sides of apartments.

1.5 TYPES OF BUILDING:

Building are classified on the basis of character of occupancy and type of use as –

Residential Building

Educational Building

Institutional Building

Industrial Building

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:

In such building sleeping accommodation is provided. IT includes the living room, bed room,
kitchen, hall, toilet and bath room. It may be a single storey building or apartments.

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING:

These includes any building using for school, college, assembly for instruction, education or
recreation.

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING:

These building are used for different purposes ,such as medical or other treatment or care of a
person suffering from a physical or mental illness.These building includes hospital, sanitoria,
jail. INDUSTRIAL BUILDING:

These are buildings in which products or materials of all kind of properties are fabricated,
assembled, processed. For example refineries, gas plant, mills etc.

4
Chapter-2

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

2.1CEMENT

Portland cement is composed of calcium silicates and aluminate and aluminoferrite It is obtained
by blending predetermined proportions limestone clay and other minerals in small quantities
which is pulverized and heated at high temperature – around 1500 deg centigrade to produce
‘clinker’. The clinker is then ground with small quantities of gypsum to produce a fine powder
called Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). When mixed with water, sand and stone, it combines
slowly with the water to form a hard mass called concrete. Cement is a hygroscopic material
meaning that it absorbs moisture In presence of moisture it undergoes chemical reaction termed
as hydration. Therefore cement remains in good condition as long as it does not come in contact
with moisture. If cement is more than three months old then it should be tested for its strength
before being taken into use.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has classified OPC in three different grades The
classification is mainly based on the compressive strength of cement-sand mortar cubes of face
area 50 cm2 composed of 1 part of cement to 3 parts of standard sand by weight with a water-
cement ratio arrived at by a specified procedure. The grades are

(i) 33 grade

(ii) 43 grade

(iii) 53 grade

The grade number indicates the minimum compressive strength of cement sand mortar in
N/mm2 at 28 days, as tested by above mentioned procedure.

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Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is obtained by either intergrinding a pozzolanic material with
clinker and gypsum, or by blending ground pozzolana with Portland cement. Nowadays good
quality fly ash is available from Thermal Power Plants, which are processed and used in
manufacturing of PPC.

ADVANTAGES OF USING PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT OVER OPC

Pozzolana combines with lime and alkali in cement when water is added and forms compounds
which contribute to strength, impermeability and sulphate resistance. It also contributes to
workability, reduced bleeding and controls destructive expansion from alkali-aggregate reaction.
It reduces heat of hydration thereby controlling temperature differentials, which causes thermal
strain and resultant cracking n mass concrete structures like dams. The colour of PPC comes
from the colour of the pozzolanic material used. PPC containing fly ash as a pozzolana will
invariably be slightly different colour than the OPC.One thing should be kept in mind that is the
quality of cement depends upon the raw materials used and the quality control measures adopted
during its manufacture, and not on the shade of the cement. The cement gets its colour from the
nature and colour of raw materials used, which will be different from factory to factory, and may
even differ in the different batches of cement produced in a factory. Further, the colour of the
finished concrete is affected also by the colour of the aggregates, and to a lesser extent by the
colour of the cement. Preference for any cement on the basis of colour alone is technically
misplaced.

SETTLING OF CEMENT

When water is mixed with cement, the paste so formed remains pliable and plastic for a short
time. During this period it is possible to disturb the paste and remit it without any deleterious
effects. As the reaction between water and cement continues, the paste loses its plasticity. This
early period in the hardening of cement is referred to as ‘setting’ of cement.

INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT

Initial set is when the cement paste loses its plasticity and stiffens considerably. Final set is the
point when the paste hardens and can sustain some minor load. Both are arbitrary points and
these are determined by Vicat needle penetration resistance

Slow or fast setting normally depends on the nature of cement. It could also be due to extraneous
factors not related to the cement. The ambient conditions play an important role. In hot weather,
the setting is faster, in cold weather, setting is delayed Some types of salts, chemicals, clay, etc if
inadvertently get mixed with the sand, aggregate and water could accelerate or delay the setting
of concrete.

6
STORAGE OF CEMENT

Photo 2.5 storage of cement

It needs extra care or else can lead to loss not only in terms of financial loss but also in terms of
loss in the quality. Following are the don’t that should be followed –

Do not store bags in a building or a godown in which the walls, roof and floor are not
(i)

completely weatherproof.

(ii) Do not store bags in a new warehouse until the interior has thoroughly dried out.

Do not be content with badly fitting windows and doors, make sure they fit properly and ensure
(iii)

that they are kept shut.

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 Do not stack bags against the wall. Similarly, don’t pile them on the floor unless it is a dry
(iv)

concrete floor. If not, bags should be stacked on wooden planks or sleepers.

(v) Do not forget to pile the bags close together

(vi) Do not pile more than 15 bags high and arrange the bags in a header-and-stretcher fashion.

(vii) Do not disturb the stored cement until it is to be taken out for use.

(viii) Do not take out bags from one tier only. Step back two or three tiers.

Do not keep dead storage. The principle of first-in first-out should be followed in removing
(ix)

bags.

Do not stack bags on the ground for temporary storage at work site. Pile them on a raised, dry
(x)

platform and cover with tarpaulin or polythene sheet.

COARSE AGGREGATE

Coarse aggregate for the works should be river gravel or crushed stone .It should be hard, strong,
dense, durable, clean, and free from clay or loamy admixtures or quarry refuse or vegetable
matter. The pieces of aggregates should be cubical, or rounded shaped and should have granular
or crystalline or smooth (but not glossy) non-powdery surfaces.Aggregates should be properly
screened and if necessary washed clean before use.

Coarse aggregates containing flat, elongated or flaky pieces or mica should be rejected. The
grading of coarse aggregates should be as per specifications of IS-383.

After 24-hrs immersion in water, a previously dried sample of the coarse aggregate should not
gain in weight more than 5%.

Aggregates should be stored in such a way as to prevent segregation of sizes and avoid
contamination with fines.

Depending upon the coarse aggregate color, there quality can be determined as:

Black => very good quality

Blue => good

Whitish =>bad quality

8
FINE AGGREGATE

Aggregate which is passed through 4.75 IS Sieve is termed as fine aggregate. Fine aggregate is
added to concrete to assist workability and to bring uniformity in mixture. Usually, the natural
river sand is used as fine aggregate. Important thing to be considered is that fine aggregates
should be free from coagulated lumps.

Grading of natural sand or crushed stone i.e. fine aggregates shall be such that not more than 5
percent shall exceed 5 mm in size, not more than 10% shall IS sieve No. 150 not less than 45%
or more than 85% shall pass IS sieve No. 1.18 mm and not less than 25% or more than 60% shall
pass IS sieve No. 600 micron.

REINFORCEMENT: -

The material that develops a good bond with concrete in order to increase its strength is called
reinforcement. Steel bars are highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment, torsion and
compression.

FUNCTION OF REINFORCEMENT:

Reinforcement working as a tension member because concrete is strong in compression and

week in tension so reinforcement resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members. At the site
contractor using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T. (Thermo Mechanically Treated) bars of
diameter 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, & 32 mm as per requirement of design.

2.3WATER: -

It is an important ingredient of concrete because it combines with cement and forms a binding
paste. The paste thus formed fills up the voids of the sand and coarse aggregate bringing them
into close adhesion.

In this project source of water is a tube well which is closely spaced to the building. The quality
of water is good and can be used for drinking purpose also.

9
2.4 R.C.C.: -

Though plain cement concrete has high compressive strength and its tensile strength is relatively
low. Normally, the tensile strength of a concrete is about 10% to 15% of its compressive
strength. Hence if a beam is made up of plain cement concrete, it has a very low load carrying
capacity since its low tensile strength limits its overall strength. It is, there reinforced by placing
steel bars in the tensile zone of the concrete beam so that the compressive bending stress is
carried by concrete and tensile bending stress is carried by steel reinforcing bars. Generally in
simply supported and

Cantilever beams the tension zone occurs at bottom and top of beam respectively.

1
0
Chapter3

EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINES

3.1 BATCHING MACHINE:

The measurement of materials for making concrete is known as batching. The machines which
used for batching is known as batching machine.

1
1
3.2 GRINDING MACHINE:

This is a power mechanically operated machine which is used to mix the concrete. It consists a
hollow cylindrical part with inner side wings. In which cement, sand, aggregates and water is
mix properly.

3.3 TRANSPORTATION:

The process of carrying the concrete mix from the place of it’s mixing to final position of
deposition is termed as transportation of concrete. There are many methods of transportation as
mentioned below-

Transport of concrete by pans

Transport of concrete by wheel barrows

Transport of concrete by tipping lorries

Transport of concrete by pumps

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2
Transport of concrete by belt conveyors

At this site belt conveyors were used.

1
3
3.4 COMPACTORS:

When the concrete has been placed, it shows a very loose structure. Hence, it must be compacted
to remove the air bubbles and voids so as to make it dense and solid concrete to obtain a high
strength. There are two method- of compaction.

Manual compaction

Mechanical compaction

Generally in large projects mechanical compactors are used . There are various mechanical
compactors which uses according to requirement as needle and screed vibrators needed to
compact the column and floor respectively.

FOOTING:

It is part of structural transfer the load of superstructure through columns to soil strata.

Combined Footing

1
4
Isolated Footing

Raft Footing

In this project RAFT footing is provided.

STAIRS:

Stairs are defined as the access to reach one floor to another floor. Stairs are designed so as it
gives maximum comfort and safety.

There are several types of stairs .


Straight flight stairs

Half turn stairs

Circular stairs

Spiral stairs

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In this project DOGG _ LEGGED STAIRS (Half Turn Stairs) are provided.

BUILDING DRAWING:

Front Elevation

Ground Floor Plan

Typical Floor Plan

Reinforcement detail

Concrete Detail

SOURCE: SITE
ENGINEER
1
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Chapter 4

BRICK MASONARY

The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block of uniform size and then drying
and burning these blocks. Brick masonry easy to constrct compare stone masonry. It is less time
consuming and there is no need of skilled labour to construct it. The bricks do not require
dressing and the arty of laying bricks is so simple.

4.1 CLASS OF BRICK:

On the basis of quality and performance of brick is classified in three parts-

At this site A class brick is used.

Ist Class Brick IInd Class Brick IIIrd Class Brick Over burne tBricks
Perfect in Size/shape/ Not so uniform as Ist Much interior to IInd Absolutely out shape
quality of burning. class bricks class bricks in terms of size, over burnet
in of Size/shape/ quality .Fused with more
Size/shape/ quality of of burning. bricks with a honey
burning. comb texture.
Red to cherry red in Red in color. Dark red in color. Black in color.
color.
Do not absorb more Do not absorb more Do not absorb more
than 15-17% water of than 22% water of than 25%water
of
their own weight, if their own weight , if
kept submerged for kept submerged for their own weight , if

one hour underwater. one hour under water. kept submerged for
one hour under water.
Suitable for Used for Used for Not used in building
floors internal interior construction works &
&reinforced walls construction works, used as road metal,
brick slabs where less rainfall also in foundations
occurs

1
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4.2 SIZE AND WEIGHT OF BRICKS

The bricks are prepared in various sizes. On the basis of size , BIS bricks are categories in two
parts-

MODULAR BRICKS:

BIS recommends a standard size of brick which is 190mm*90mm*90mm. With mortar

thickness, size of such a brick become 200mm*100mm*100mm.

TRADITIONAL BRICKS:

The brick of which size varies and not standardized known as traditional brick.

WEIGHT OF BRICK:

It is found that the weight of 1 cubic meter brick earth is about 1800 kg. Hence the average
weight of a brick will be about 3 to 3.5 kg.

1
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4.3 STRUCTURE OF BRICK

STRETCHER:

If brick laid along its length then front view of brick is known as stretcher.

HEADER:

If brick laid along it’s width , then front view of brick is known as header.

FROG:

It is top of brick. It provides strong bonding between two courses of masonry by filling the
mortar. It also consists the name of company.

QUEEN CLOSER:

This is obtained by cutting the bricks longitudinally in two equal parts.

BAT:

This is piece of brick , considered in relation to the length of brick as half bat, three quarter bat,
etc.

4.4 TYPES OF BRICK MASONARY:

Brick work is classified according to quality of mortar, quality of brick and thickness of joints.
They types of brick work as follows-

BRICK WORK IN MUD MORTAR:

IN this type of brick work mud is used to fill up the joints. Mud is mixer of sand and clay. The
thickness of mortar joint is 12mm.

1
9
BRICK WORK IN LIME MORTAR:

In this type of brick work, lime mortar is used to fill up the joints. Lime mortar is mixer of lime
and sand the thickness of joints does not exceeds 10mm.

BRICK WORK IN CEMENT MORTAR:

In this type of brick work ,cement mortar is used to fill up the joints. Cement mortar is mixer of
cement and sand in ceftain ratio. The ratio Of cement and sand varies according to construction
as in brick masonary it generally kept 1:6.The thickness of joint does not exceeds 10mm. The
brick work with cement mortar provide high adopted in building construction.

At this site cement mortar is used in brick work. The ratio of Cement to sand is 1:6.

4.5 TOOLS USED IN BRICK MASONRY:

The tools used in brick masonry are trowel, spirit level, plumb bob, square, hammer, straight
edge.

BONDS IN BRICK WORK:

There various bonds which provided in brick work to increase the stability of walls. Various
types of bonds are as follows-

Stretcher Bond

Header Bond

English Bond

Flemish Bond

2
0
STRETCHER BOND :

The bricks are laid along its length in all courses. A half and three quarter bat is used in
alternative courses to break the verticality of joints.

HEADER BOND:

The bricks are laid along its width in all courses. A half and three quarter bat is also used in
alternative courses to break the verticality of joints.

ENGLISH BOND:

2
1
This bond is widely used in practice. It is consider the strongest bond. Alternate courses consist
of stretcher and header. A queen closer is put next to quoin header to break the verticality of
joints. Generally such types of bond is provided in walls width is 9 inches.

At this site ENGLISH BOND is prefer in main wall and STRETCHER BOND in partition walls.

FLEMISH BOND:

This is also widely used because it gives better appearance to English bond. It also provides good
strength. Stretcher and header is provided in each course alternatively. A queen closer is put next
to quoin header in each alternate course to break the verticality of joints.

THICKNESS OF WALLS:

2
2
Thickness of wall depend on load, strength of material ,length of wallet. In this project the
thickness of main wall is 9 inches and partition wall is 4.5 inches.

6. PROCEDURE OF BRICK MASONRY:

In frame structure brick work starts after construction of foundation, column, beam, and slabs.
Following procedure is adopt to construct the brick masonry-

1. Initially clean and wet the surface on which brick wall is be constructed.
2. Set a straight alignment by using threads in both side of a wall .
3. Prepare the cement mortar.
4. At this site cement sand ratio is 1:6 for all walls.
5. Mortar is laid on surface base and then bricks are laid over it .
6. Prepare a course and then again laid the mortar on existing course and provides bricks in
such a way that the vertical joint should not stand in a line.
7. To break the verticality of joints generally English or Flemish bond is adopted.
8. Use the plumb bob to check the verticality at regular interval.
9. Also use square to check the wall is constructing straight or not.

2
3
 10. After each 1meter height of wall provide a layer of reinforced cement concrete of 1.5 to 2
inches.
11. It will increase the strength of structure.

Chapter 5

PLASTER

The term plastering is used to describe thin cover that is applied on the surface of walls. It
removes unevenness of surface of walls. Sometimes it is use for decorative purpose also.

5.1MORTARFOR PLASTERING:

Selection of type of mortar depends on various factors such as suitability of building material,
atmospheric conditions, durability etc. there are mainly three type of mortar which can be used
for the purpose of mortar

Lime mortar

Cement mortar

Water proof mortar

LIME

MORTAR:

The main content of lime mortar is lime that is mixed with correct proportion of sand. Generally
fat lime is recommended for plaster work because the fat lime contains 75% of Cao and it
combines with CO2 of atmosphere and gives CaCO3 quickly. Thus, the lime sets quickly, but it
imparts low strength. So it can be use only for plaster work. The sand to be used for preparing
lime mortar for plastering work should be clean, coarse and free from any organic impurities.

2
4
CEMENT MORTAR:

The cement mortar consists of one part of cement to four part of clean and coarse sand by
volume. The materials are thoroughly mix in dry condition before water is added to them. The
mixing of material is done on a watertight platform. It is better than lime mortar. It is widely
used in construction work.

WATER PROOF MORTAR:

Water proof mortar is prepared by mixing one part of cement, two part of sand and pulverized
alum at the rate of 120Nperm3 of sand. In the water to be used, 0.75 of soft soap is dissolve per
one liter of water and this soap water is added to the dry mix.

5.2 TOOLS FOR PLASTERING:

Gauging Trowel Metal Float Floating Rule

Plumb Bob Sprit Level Brushes

2
5
5.3 METHOD OF PLASTERING:

According to the thickness of wall there are three method of plastering.

One coat method

Two coat method

Three coat method

ONE COAT METHOD:

It is in the cheapest form of construction that plaster is applied in one coat.

This method is quitely used in rural areas for the construction of low category and cheap house.

TWO COAT METHOD:

Following procedure is carried out for two coating plaster work

Clean the surface and keep it well watered on which plaster work to be done.

If it is found that the surface to be plastered is very rough and uneven,a preliminary coat is
applied to fill up the hollows before the first coat of plaster is put up on the surface.

Now the first coat is applied on the surface.The usual thickness of first coat for brick masonry is
9mm to10mm.

Second coat of plaster is applied after about 6 hours and the thickness of second caot is usually
about 2mm to 3mm.It is finished as per requirement.

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6
THREE COAT METHOD:

The procedure for plaster in three coats is the same as above except that the num of coats of
plaster is three.

Table:

Name of coat Thickness

First coat Rendering coat 9 to 10 mm

Second coat Floating coat 6 to 9 mm
Third coat Finishing coat 3 mm

2
7
 REFERENCES
http://www.slideshare.net/rpdesigndeskbuildingmaterials-sand

http://www.brickdirectory.co.ukhtmlbrick history.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick http://en.wikipedia.org

Concrete technology by Ms. Shetty

Concrete Technology by Sipani Concrete Technology by Arora and Arora

http://www.ce memphis edu 1101/notes concrete PCA manual/Chap12 pd

IS:456-2000 Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice

2
8
 CONCLUSION

Drawing reading is the first part in civil engineering, which is required at every stage. Only with
the help of a drawing we can start any construction procedure. So we have learnt how to read a
drawing and how to work on it.

At our construction site, we have learnt about the leveling procedure, which is important because
everything must be on a uniform level according to the drawing. We have seen the laying of
PCC, casting process, pumping of concrete and retaining wall construction. These all things were
done as per the details of the drawing. We have seen the laying of Raft foundation, how to tie up
all the reinforcement and how to manage all the detailing because any problem regarding the
reinforcement can be very hazardous because whole load pattern of the building will be disturbed
due to it. As it will differ from the design so behavior of building will be changed.

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9