ABSTRACT

The paper aims on the design, development and the fabrication of the vehicle which can dig the
soil, sow the seeds, leveler to close the soil and pump to spray water. In recent years the
development of the autonomous vehicles in the agriculture has experienced increased interest.
The advantages of these vehicles are hands-free and fast input operations. The main aim of the
project is to develop multipurpose agricultural vehicle, for performing major agricultural
operations like ploughing, seeding, harvesting. The modification includes fabricating a vehicle
which is small, compact in size. The project is about a machine design which makes cultivation
much simpler. The design of the chassis of the vehicle is made in such a way that it is suitable
for the operations. The design for automatic seed sowing equipment is made. The plough is
designed and modified the currently available plough tool in such a way that it with stand the
load. Keeping the above ideology in mind, a unit with the following feature is designed,
Ploughing is one of the first steps in farming. During this process we till the land and make it
ready for the seed sowing. By tilling we mean that a plough will be used which will have teeth’s
like structure at the end and will be able to turn the top layer of soil down and vice-versa. Seed
sowing comes next where the seeds need to be put in ground at regular intervals and these needs
to be controlled automatically. Limiting the flow of seeds from the seeds chamber is typically
doing this. Soil leveler is fitted to close the seeds to the soil and to level the ground. Water pump
is used to spray the water
.
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy and it will continue to remain
so for a long time. ―A man without food for three days will quarrel, for a week will fight and
fora month or so will die‖. Agriculture is a branch of applied science. Agriculture is the science a
and art of farming including cultivating the soil, producing crops and raising livestock. It is the
most important enterprise in the world. Over the years, agricultural practices have been carried
out by small-holders cultivating between 2 to 3 hectare, using human labor and traditional tools
such as wooden plough, yoke, leveler, harrow, mallot, spade, big sikle etc. These tools are used
in land preparation, for sowing of seeds, weeding and harvesting. Modem agricultural techniques
and equipments are not used by small land holders because these equipments are too expensive
and difficult to acquire. By adopting scientific farming methods we can get maximum yield and
good quality crops which can save a farmer from going bankrupt but majority of farmers still
uses primitive method of farming techniques due to lack of knowledge or lack of investment for
utilizing modern equipment.
The use of hand tools for land cultivation is still predominant in India because tractors require
resources that many Indian farmers do not have easy access to. The need for agricultural
mechanization in India must therefore be assessed with a deeper understanding of the small
holder farmer‘s activities. There is huge gap in technology adoption and Implement used with
small and marginal farmers. Sustainable improvement in the livelihoods of poor farmers in
developing countries depends largely on the adoption of improved resource conserving cropping
systems. While most of the necessary components already exist, information on the availability
and performance of equipment is lacking and effective communication between farmers and
agricultural research and development department is unsuccessful.
Some of the major problems in the Indian agricultural are rising of input costs, availability of
skilled labors, lack of water resources and crop monitoring. To overcome these problems, the
automation technologies were used in agriculture. The automation in the agriculture could help
farmers to reduce their efforts. The vehicles are being developed for the processes for ploughing,
seed sowing, levelling, and water spraying. All of these functions have not yet performed using
a single vehicle. The proposed idea implements the vehicle to perform the functions such as
ploughing, seed sowing, mud levelling, and water spraying. These functions can be integrated
into a single vehicle and then performed. Multipurpose agriculture machine is a revolution in
agricultural industry. This machine will help poor farmers to increase their yield, investment is
less compared to all other heavy machinery and it will save time compared to traditional method
of farming. Does not require much skilled labour to work on it.

METHODOLOGY
PLOUGHING
In order to provide furrows at all times on the right hand side of the plough, two method of working are
used called Gathering and Castering (Fig.11.2).
Gathering - Whenever a plough works round a strip of ploughed land, it is said to be gathering.

Casting- When ever a plough works round a strip of unploughed land, it is said to be casting. Ploughing
of a field by casting or gathering alone is normally uneconomical. The following are a few important
methods used in tractor ploughing.
Continuous ploughing method

 In normal conditions, the continuous ploughing method (Fig. 11.3) is considered

very convenient and economical.
 This is a method usually used in which the tractor and plough never run idle for
more than three quarter land width along the headland and never turn in a space
narrower than a quarter land width.
 In this method, first the headland is marked and the first ridge is set up at three
quarter of a land width from the side.
 The other ridges are set at full width over the field. The operator starts ploughing
between the first ridge and the side land.