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2) COLD START means it will start the CATIA workwindow in the normal way, whereas WARM START
means if your system closed abruptly, without saving, it will start from that particular file in which you
were working, maybe with some loss of data.
4)IGES,VDAFS
Identity-------> Renumber
7)Tangent Continuty is the surface will be tangent to the existing surface, whereas curvature continuty
means surface will follow the curvature of the curve.
9)AUXVIEW is used to create/modify the frames of different views, whereas AUXVIEW2 is used to
create the views.
10) Detail function is used if you have a assembly to create, and there are some common parts in
different locations, then you can create a detail and use it in the master workspace wherever needed.
11) For doing hatching go to PATTERN+SELECT+HATCHING then select the boundary of the required
view till you get the symbol \"c\", then press \"YES\" twice.
12) For creating centerlines of circles in draft, first you can select POINT+LIMITS and select the circle;
you will get the center point. And then select LINE+HORIZONTAL+Symmetrical; you will get the
horizontal line; and then Select LINE+VERTICAL+Symmetrical, you will get the vertical line.
14) Auxview2+USE in the popup window; select Parameter Tab, and you can do the parameterization,
whatever you want.
15)PARTEDITOR is the history of all the work you have done, and you can use the parteditor to change
and update the solid.
16)For creating SKIN, first you need the faces; once you have faces then you can select
LIMIT2+CREATE+SKIN and select the faces from which you want to create skin. Everytime you select the
face it should be the adjacent face which you have selected earlier, and they will be merged together.
Once all the faces are selected then press \"YES\" twice; the skin is created. Now you can use this SKIN
to create the solid.
19)SURF1 is used for the planner curves, whereas SURF2 you can use for the intricate curves where you
need the tangency constraints and curvature constraints.
2) What is the difference (/what does this command do) LIM2+SURF+EXTRAPOLATE AND SURF+GEO+
EXTRAPOLATE?
Ans: 2) Lim2 will extend an existing surface (a percentage of the original length) and attempt to
maintain curvature. Use with care because the theoretical extension loses accuracy over distance.
Surf+GeoExtra will create a surface extension that is linear and tangent to the existing surface at a given
length (it also offers the option to concatenate the two surfaces). Isoparms may be distorted using this
process.
5) What is "LAW"?
Ans: 5) Laws are used to add precise control to surfaces created with Surf2. Radius, Area, Angle and
Parameter values can be specified.
Ans: 6) Creation of faces and volumes. Also used for surface breaks and concatenates. Other uses as
well.
Ans: 7) A Spine is the \"backbone\" or support for a Surf2 surface. It dictates the orientaion of a
surface as it relates to generating curves.
Ans: 8) Anadia is an analysis tool that allows you to save and update specific analysis processes. Used
mainly for surface analysis.
Ans: 10) Blensurf allows you to create curvature continous (class A) fillets relatively easily.
Ans: 11) Many Utility functions. Commonly used to import and export CATIA files. Also used to process
IGES and STEP file formats.
13) If given die direction, how will you check minimum draft angle in the SURF (surface) model?
Ans: 13) One way is to use the Tools pull down menu and select Analyze+Draft (you must also indicate
a direction and which elements to be analyzed). Moldpart can also do this along with many other cool
bells and whistles (it helps you design the draft surfaces). There are other ways to check drafts as well.
14) What checks do you perform between surfaces with common boundaries?
15) What is the difference between a "*role" file and a "*save" file?
Ans: 15) These are files created by CATIA in order to maintain a temporary version of the files in use. If
CATIA were to crash, a warm start would try to access these files to re-establish your CATIA session.
16) Can data model history be exported between 2 different CAD systems?
Ans: 16) It depends on which two systems are being used. V4 models, unless you are sending them to
V5, usually have their history stripped from the model.
Ans: 17) Used to create solid features that can be stored and accessed from a library. Used in
conjunction with the Param3D function.
Ans: 18) Sorry on this one. I can't remember the designation as I use AL3 (basically, everything).
Ans: 19) Surfaces that when connected have tangent and curvature continuous properties with their
adjoining surfaces. Example: the curvature value along the boundary of Surface A matches the curvature
value of the adjacent boundary of Surface B. This is the simplest explanation.
20) What is a "Layer"? What is the use of it? And how do you create Layers?
Ans: 20) Think of layers as transparencies on an overhead projector (in the old days before
Powerpoint). Different categories of objects can be assigned to various layers. Then you create Filters
which instruct CATIA to display only those layers you wish to see at a given point in time.
AUXVIEW
updated |
|
AUXVIEW2
i) It needs updation.
| ii) The views does not show the hidden lines.
When AUXVIEW2+DROP [command is given for a view, it loses all its links with the parent model
and in future cases, whenever any modification done on the parent model cannot be updated on the
earlier dropped views)command is used on any view, it get completly isolated from the solid model in
the space mode.
Surface element in CATIA is represented by isoparams along and across the boundary of the
surface element.
Surfaces are closed boundary elements with out any holes in between.
Faces are superform of surfaces which may or maynot have holes inside it.
The smoothness of a surface is checked by analysing the curvature and tangent continous of the
surface. The curvature & tangency of surface analysed will have the following options.
1)the boundries between surface are not joined, then the surface are not tangent continous.
2) Surface degree is the measured along and across the surface element. i.e along 'u' and 'v'
directions.
the surface degree denotes the oscillations and smoothss of the inside surface curves.
Featured based design is the design based on the company's customisation of product feature
and [arameters.
SOLIDM - SOLID MOCK-UP:- This is an approsimate solid and was used in the earlier version of
CATIA.
SOLIDE - EXACT SOLID:- As the name indicates, the solid formed are exact fulfilling all the
conditions defined by the user.
A constraint element in CATIA is one in which the parameters of the element cannot be
changed.
1)STD - This is used to check the visualisation of the partmodel by checking on/off for the sections
lim-on: Creates the point by intersection & Projection can be done with in the limits of the Selected
elements.
Surface.
Used to:
a. Faces are infinitely thin elements that represent the bounded exterior
b. Skin are infinitely thin elements that are incorporate or group a series of faces together to
completely define a feature of part.
c. Surfaces are infinitely thin elements that are used to define a bounded contour in space. Surface is
parent.
Separate: Separates lines , curves & faces from their links with other
elements ex: A curve is considered as separate when it is linked to only one surface.
Yes
a. Relational model is parametric. i.e. one to one relation. If any change in dimension that may
reflects on other dimensions.
b. Developing a solid by using surface, face, solid primitives etc., There is no one to one relation.
9. Which is the better to split the solid a) surface b) plane c) face?
Plane
a. Spine: Creates a curve passing thro' point on a plane & normal to one or more other planes.
b. Spline: Creates a curve passing thro' several points having tangential & curvature contuinuity.
11. How you will delete the surface if the face is created by surface?
Detail w/s: We can have any no. of detail w/s, that can be called in model w/s.
Yes
Connect: Creates a fillet surface that connects two existing surfaces, Planes, or planar faces.
Fillet: Creates a fillet surface that connects two existing surfaces, Planes, or planar faces using spine.
A FSUR is an element that defines a face on a solid. The displayed in non-hidden mode.
IUA: Interactive users application, used to customize the CATIA users command.
Standardization of model file by Permanent setting of layers, graphics etc,. as per Company standards
for their project.
Yes
Cylinder: Extending a curve thro' space in a linear direction with given length.Surface created length
is equal to PAI * D. Depth: Extending a curve thro' space in linear direction with given length.
31. Give two eg. for feature based primitive & contour based primitives ?
33. what is required for to find massproperties of a surface model? And what is used for finding the
massproperty.
22. How you will delete the surface if the face is created by surface?
42. How drawing will be extracted ---- aux2 or spc-drw2 [if related to surface spc-drw]
50. List out the command used for the surface modeling
51. What are different types of modules available with Catia package
54. Which one is not a sub function of transfor in space mode --- (a)project (b) affinity (C)symmetry
(d)scaling
62. How many operations can we done by using sewing command of solide
CLASS -A
Here is a further understanding of Class-A surfacing based on experiences with two automotive
companies and whites goods manufacturers. They independently have the same definition for the
classification.
Class A refers to those surfaces, which are CURVATURE continuous to each other at their respective
boundaries. Curvature continuity means that at each "point" of each surface along the common
boundary has the same radius of curvature.
Tangent continuity - which is directional continuity without radius continuity - like fillets.
Point continuity - only touching without directional (tangent) or curvature equivalence.
In fact, tangent and point continuity is the entire basis most industries (aerospace, shipbuilding, BIW etc
etc). For these applications, there is generally no need for curvature.
By definition:
Class A surface refers to those surfaces which are VISIBLE and abide to the physical meaning, in a
product. This classification is primarily used in the automotive and increasingly in consumer goods
(toothbrushes, PalmPC's, mobile phones, washing machines, toilet lids etc etc etc). It is a requirement
where aesthetics has a significant contribution. For this reason the exterior of automobiles are deemed
Class-A. BIW is NOT Class-A. The exterior of you sexy toothbrush is Class-A, the interior with ribs and
inserts etc is NOT Class-A.
The consequence:
The consequence of these surfaces apart from visually and physically aesthetic shapes is the way they
reflect the real world. What would one expect to see across the boundary of pairs of point continuity,
tangent continuity and curvature continuity surfaces when reflecting a straight and dry tree stump in the
desert????
* Point Continuity (also known as G0 continuity) - will produce a reflection on one surface, then at the
boundary disappear and re-appear at a location slightly different on the other surface. The same
reflective phenomenon will show when there is a gap between the surfaces (the line markers on a road
reflecting across the gap between the doors of a car).
* Tangent Continuity (also known as G1 continuity) - will produce a reflection on one surface, then at the
boundary have a kink and continue. Unlike Point continuity the reflection (repeat REFLECTION) is
continuos but has a tangent discontinuity in it. In analogy, it is "like" a greater than symbol.
* Curvature Continuity (also known as G2 continuity, Alias can do G3!) - this will produce the unbroken
and smooth reflection across the boundary.
Please do not believe me! This is the real physical world. Look at your cars rounded hood reflecting lines
on the road or trees. Look at ripples of water that are not turbulent, reflection is everywhere but all
blend into each other, as there is also curvature continuity everywhere.
Still not convinced - For an analytical approach, you may simply prove this point using any rendering
package (eg. CATIA V4 VST), Neon textures in 4D Navigator or DMU Navigator (V5), using the traditional
CURVE1+REFLECT or /ANADIA in V4 CATIA and of course the neon-tray dynamic reflect curve facility in
V5.
Traditionally CATIA has been used to create the "engineering" side of most designs, rather then the
exterior "aesthetic" shell (ie Class-A). These traditional yet awesome tools (like SURF2) are geared for
this kind of engineering work. The best example being BIW in the automotive industry.
Functions like SURF2 and FORMTOOL carve up even the most difficult inner panel structures into reality.
This is why, historically, CATIA took an early strangle hold (amongst other reasons like a great capacity in
all aspects of DMU and integration across disciplines).
CATIA comes from the aerospace industry. The exterior of aeroplanes (whose panels buckle between
frames and expand with every land-takeoff cycle) has very little "need" for curvature continuity and has
100% engineering factors driving its design (aerodynamics and structures).
That is, there is zero styling in the design of an aircraft body. The fact that aeroplanes looks good and
"smooth" is by virtue of its operation (streamlined as possible), their general cleanliness and most
importantly the distance that one generally views them. If one was to look carefully down the fuselage
of an aircraft on the ground, there is nothing smooth about it!
Having the capability to cater for these industries in an engineering and process capacity with existing
function and not requiring the ability to create Class-A, has made CATIA the de-facto standard for the
aerospace and automotive industries.
As for Class-A, automotive manufacturers have utilised either or combinations of Alias and/or ICEM Surf
(or others) to achieve these goals in a productive manner (remember the word productive). Alias has the
ability cover the entire industrial design process from Sketches TO Surfaces on sketches TO Surface
manipulation and build and further onto rendering and animation.
In retrospect, CATIA V4 can create Class-A surfaces with (1) compromise (eg. this deviation is OK,
because it can be polished by the toolmaker) and (2) an idiosyncratic approach by the CATIA operator -
ie, it can be done but not as easily as with Alias or ICEM Surf.
Historically, its been "difficult" of Dassault to create software in V4 to easily create Class-A surfaces due
to the use of Bezier (polynomial) based mathematics. There is nothing against Bezier based surfaces
though. They are excellent for creating the engineering surfaces we have all come to love (BIW etc)
utilising intelligent use of multi-patch surface methodology. In fact, I doubt NURBS surfaces could do a
better job.
And without a doubt, V5, with its new architecture and use of Bezier and NURBS surfaces will go along
way in being able to confidently and more importantly competently producing these Class-A surfaces for
an ever growing aesthetic minded world.
And what about V4 CATIA??
CATIA V4 currently has the ability to create curvature continuous surfaces in two categories.
Surfaces:
a. Using SURF2 and SKIN (GSM) functions to sweep and loft as "long" a surface as possible. This will
generally produce a curvature continuous surface with minimum deviation.
b. Intelligent use of SPINES and LIMIT curves when using SURF2 and SKIN to closely match curvature
across boundaries.
c. Utilising conic surfaces and conic curve approximations to mimic curvature conditions.
d. For parts with large variations within its shape cause techniques a and b to struggle. For this reason,
we may take three approaches.
d1. Create "unstressed" surfaces to the point of struggle and fill in the blank with blend surfaces and
curvature continuity. This is very much situation dependant.
d2. Use ARC's and PATCHES's - ARC's and PATCHES have the peculiar yet great ability to
* not go through all their constraints (good for the styling end of the design process)
* the ability to deform a arc or patch to a point
* the ability to deform the boundary of a patch to an arc whilst maintaining the opposing continuity.
* most importantly - the ability to reduce or increase degrees of arcs and patches to maximise or localise
deformations.
Blends:
These are a curious family of surfaces. One can utilise two functions within CATIA V4.
The first is the ubiquitous BLENSURF functions, which allows a point/tangent/curvature continuos blend
between any two curves on any part of any plane, FSUR, RSUR, surface, face or skin. OR automatically
creating bi-rail curves along two surfaces at particular "radii" and placing a point/tangent/curvature
continuous blend between them. Tensions and connectivity locations are also adjustable.
Although it is a great tool, one issue with Blensurf is its inability to blend around a large angle. For
instance, if one constructs two segment surfaces to each other at right angles with a gap between them
and then placing a curvature continuos surface to connect them. The result is very suprising. The surface
comes off one with curvature continuity, takes the shortest route to the other and then blends with
curvature again. It is not the expected shape in the blend, when comparing it to the curves created using
CURVE2+CONNECT with curvature from the isoparametric curves of each surface.
The reason for this is that Blensurf creates purely mathematical curvature. For the correct shape,
mathematical and isoparametric curvature is required. Guess what my friends, Dassault are already on
the ball, this is possible using GSM's SKIN function blend and V5 GSD blends.