MAHESH KUMAR 18206023
Internet of Things is refers to the
general idea of things, especially
everyday objects, that are readable,
recognisable, locatable, addressable
through information sensing device
and/or controllable via the Internet,
irrespective of the communication
means (whether via RFID, wireless
LAN, wide area networks, or other
means
PHYSICAL WORLD - So, there can be both physical things as well as virtual
things in an IOT system. The physical world in an IOT system refers to the
collection of physical things or devices.
VIRTUAL WORLD - In IOT systems, virtual world refers to the collection of
virtual things. These virtual things are generally web, cloud or mobile
applications, APIs or application platforms.
COMMUNICATION NETWORK - In IOT, communication network is link that
allows interaction between the physical world and the virtual world. Practically,
it is a wide area network or internet network that allows IOT boards loaded with
sensors and actuators to communicate Dynamic changes: The state of devices change dynamically, e.g., sleeping and
with web or cloud servers or allow waking up, connected and/or disconnected as well as the context of devices
them to communicate with each including location and speed. Moreover, the number of devices can change
other. dynamically.
At physical or link layer, some of Enormous scale: The number of devices that need to be managed and that
popular communication protocols communicate with each other will be at least an order of magnitude larger than
used are LR-WPAN, 6LoWPAN, the devices connected to the current Internet.
Bluetooth/LE, 802.15.4, LTE, GPRS, Safety: As we gain benefits from the IoT, we must not forget about safety. As
CDMA, NFC, Zigbee, 802.11 Wi-Fi, both the creators and recipients of the IoT, we must design for safety. This
INSTEON etc. The most common includes the safety of our personal data and the safety of our physical well-being.
network layer protocols are IPv4 and Securing the endpoints, the networks, and the data moving across all of it means
IPv6. creating a security paradigm that will scale.
Connectivity: Connectivity enables network accessibility and compatibility.
Interconnectivity: With regard to
Accessibility is getting on a network while compatibility provides the common
the IoT, anything can be
ability to consume and produce data.
interconnected with the global
information and communication
infrastructure.
ARCHITECTURE OF AN IOT -

SYSTEM

The different organizations and

service providers define, implement
and recognize IOT architecture in
different ways. However, the basic
architecture of an IOT system
remains same underneath every
implementation and business model.
The basic architecture of an IOT
system can be understood from a
four-layer model as follow -

1) IOT devices and Gateways

2) Communication Network
3) Cloud or Server
4) IOT application
 different layers (Physical, Link, Network, Transport and Application) and
communication protocols operating at different layers.

Cloud/Server - The cloud or server is the edge of the IOT system. A cloud stores
data collected from different and myriad of IOT devices and perform data mining
and analytics to derive useful insights from it. It is also responsible for managing
the connected devices and networks, manage device to device communications
and implement IOT applications by operating and synchronizing different IOT
devices and communication between together. The cloud may also communicate
with other private and public cloud services to enable an IOT application.

IOT Application - The processing, mining and analysis of the data at the cloud
is done by the IOT application. The IOT application is the piece of software at the
cloud server which extracts data, manipulate it to derive useful insights and
manage to securely push insights to the target IOT devices. For example, an IOT
application designed for home automation might process data from sensors and
Communication Network - The
send commands from the cloud to operate home appliances.
communication network is generally
the typical internet network having