شبكات المياه والصرف الصحي

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٧
   ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

?   ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
   ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

   ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ،،،‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
WIntroduction ١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫• א‬

 WSI Units‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EsFW‫א‬   EmFW‫א‬   EkgF‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Em2FW‫א‬   Em3FW‫א‬    ENFW‫א‬
 Em3/sFW‫א‬   Em/sFW‫א‬    Em/s2FW‫א‬
   EJF‫א‬EN.mFW‫א‬  EPaFEN/m2FW‫א‬
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
WFluid Mechanics‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٣
 WFluid Density‫א‬ ١J ٣J ١
K [ρ ] = kg / m 3  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1  4oC‫א‬1000 kg/m3‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 Kgm/cm3
 W‫א‬‫א‬E γ FE ρ F‫א‬

  γ = ρg    E١J ١F

 K‫א‬‫א‬E g = 9.81 m / s 2 F


 WFluid Viscosity‫א‬ ١J ٣J ٢
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

µ
 ν=    E١J ٢F
ρ

 W
 Em2/sF‫א‬‫א‬ = ν 
 EPa.sF‫א‬ = µ 
 Ekg/m3F‫א‬ = ρ 
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WFluid Pressure‫א‬ ١J ٣J ٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F
 p=    E١J ٣F
A

 W
 EN/m2F‫א‬ = p 
 ENF‫א‬‫א‬ = F 
 Em2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = A 

‫א‬E h F‫א‬‫א‬E ρ F‫א‬
 W‫א‬

p = ρgh
    E١J ٤F
=γh
‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ١F

-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
_
 W‫א‬‫א‬E p F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬bar‫א‬‫א‬

_
p
 p=    E١J ٥F
10 5

 K0.102 m‫א‬‫א‬1.0 kPa‫א‬
 WE١J ١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬kPa‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،3 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١J ٣F‫א‬،1000 kg/m3‫א‬
 
p = ρgh
kg m
 = 1000 3
× 9.81 2 × 3 m
m s
kg N kN
= 29430 2
= 29430 2 = 29.43 2 = 29.43 kPa
m.s m m


 WFluid motion‫א‬ ١J ٣J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WContinuity Equation‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬

ρ1V1 A1 = ρ 2V2 A2    E١J ٦F
  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ = ρ1 W
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ = ρ 2 
   E١F‫א‬‫א‬ = V1 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ = V2 
    E١F‫א‬ = A1 
 E٢F‫א‬ = A2 
‫א‬E A F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E Q F‫א‬
 WE V F

Q = VA    E١J ٧F

A2
V2
٢
V1
١ A1
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ٢F

-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
، ρ1 = ρ 2 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
Q = V1 A1 = V2 A2    E١J ٨F

 WE١J ٢F
4.0 m/s‫א‬،E١J ٣F‫א‬
،3.0 mmE1F‫א‬‫א‬KE٢F‫א‬0.25 m/sE١F‫א‬
 ‫؟‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
٢
١
V2 V1
A1
A2
 E١J ٢FWE١J ٣F

 W‫א‬
 V2 = 0.25 m / s     V1 = 4.0 m / s W
 WE1F‫א‬

2
 3 
π × 
πD 2
 1000 
 A1 = = = 7.07 × 10 −6 m 2
4 4

 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V1 A1 = V2 A2
4.0 × 7.07 × 10 −6 = 0.25 × A2
A2 = 1.1312 × 10 − 4 m 2
 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
πD22
A2 =
4
πD22
1.1312 × 10 − 4 =
4
D = 0.012 m = 12.0 mm
 WE١J ٣F
K‫א‬‫א‬،0.12 m3/s‫א‬‫א‬150 mm
 W‫א‬
 W
 Q = 0.12 m 3 / s     D = 150 mm
 W‫א‬
πD 2 π × 150 2
 A= = = 17.671 × 10 3 mm 2 = 17.671 × 10 −3 m 2
4 4
 W‫א‬
Q 0.12
 V = = = 6.80 m / s
A 17.671 × 10 −3
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WBernoulli Equation
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E١F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 KE١J ٤F

‫א‬‫א‬ V12
2
V 2
2g
2g
‫א‬‫א‬
p2
γ p1
γ
z2
z1
‫א‬

 WE١J ٤F

 W‫א‬‫א‬، 

p1 V12 p2 V22
+ + z1 = + + z2   E١J ٩F
γ 2g γ 2g
 W
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ = p 2   E١F‫א‬‫א‬ = p1 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ = V2   E١F‫א‬‫א‬ = V1 
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬E٢F‫א‬ = z 2  ‫א‬E١F‫א‬ = z1 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ = g     ‫א‬ = γ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 p W‫א‬ •
γ
V2
W‫א‬ •
2g
 z W‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 WE١J ٤F
‫א‬،E١J ٥F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢FE١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬h‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

1
2 m/s 2.0 m
2
h
9.6 m/s 0.5 m

‫א‬
 E١J ٤FWE١J ٥F


-١٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 p1 = p 2 = 0
 W

p1 V12 p2 V22
+ + z1 = + + z2
γ 2g γ 2g
 W
p1 = 0 p2 = 0
 V1 = 2 m / s V2 = 8 m / s
z1 = h + 2 z 2 = 0.5

 Wh‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(2)2 (9.6)2
 0+ + (h + 2 ) = 0 + + 0 .5
2g 2g

 h = 3.0 m

WHydrology‫ א‬١J ٤
 WHydrologic Cycle‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١J ٦F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١١-
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

I − O = ∆S    E١J ٩F
- ١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 

 
‫א‬

 ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ٦F‫א‬


E ∆S F  ،  ‫א‬‫א‬E O F، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E I F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WGlobal Water Distribution‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٤J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1.36 × 1018 m 3 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 E٪F E103 km3F
١{٢٥ 
١٢٥ ‫א‬
٠{٦٢
٨٢٥٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٠٠٨ ١٠٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٠٠١ ١٣ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢{١٠ ٢٩٢٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩٧{٢٥ ١٣٢٠٠٠٠ 
١٠٠ ١٣٦٠٠٠٠ ‫א‬

٪٠{٦٢‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬800 m
- ١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WPrecipitation‫א‬ ١J ٤J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
mm، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬Kin‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،0.5 mmW‫א‬ E١
 W
 7.6 mm/hr‫א‬W •
 7.6 mm/hr2.5 mm/hr‫א‬‫א‬W •
 2.5 mm/hr‫א‬W •
  0.5 mm‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K1 mm/hr
‫א‬،  ‫א‬W‫א‬ E٣
K
K5 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ E٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 W ‫א‬ E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١J ٧F
 K‫א‬

‫א‬




 ‫א‬WE١J ٧F
- ١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢

K‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E١
W‫א‬،

N Pi
 P =∑    E١J ١٠F
i N
 ‫א‬ = P W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ = P 
 ‫א‬ = N 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ،E١J ٨F‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2 mm
3 mm
4 mm
5 mm
6 mm
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١J ٨F


- ١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
N
∑ Pi Ai
 P= i
N
   E١J ١١F
∑ Ai
i
 K‫א‬‫א‬ A 

 WEvaporation‫א‬ ١J ٤J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬2900 mm/year
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٨F‫א‬‫א‬Eclass A panF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٨٠{٦‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٢‫א‬
 ٢٥{٤‫א‬ 

١٥

 ‫א‬WE١J ٨F‫א‬
- ١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 E a = 0.35(es − e )(0.5 + 0.54 u 2 )  E١J ١٢F

Emm/dayF‫א‬‫א‬ = E a W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = es 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ = e 
 Em/sF2 m‫א‬‫א‬ = u 2 
 WE١J ٥F
١٤{٤‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K18 km/hr‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٥{٨

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
18 × 1000
 u 2 = 18 km / hr = = 5 m/s
60 × 60
 W‫א‬‫א‬

E a = 0.35(e s − e )(0.5 + 0.54 u 2 )
 = 0.35(14.4 − 5.8)(0.5 + 0.54 × 5)
= 9.63 mm / day
- ١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WInfiltration‫א‬ ١J ٤J ٥
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ hydrograph‫א‬
E١J ٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬
Emm/hrF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
EhrF ‫א‬
 WE١J ٩F‫א‬
- ١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WSurface Runoff‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٤J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١J ١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Q = VA    E١J ١٣F
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = Q 
 ‫א‬ = A 
 ‫א‬ = V 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١J ١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- ٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 



 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١J ١٠F‫א‬

 EmF‫א‬
Em3/sF ‫א‬
 WE١J ١١F‫א‬
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬ K٥
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٨W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Introduction١{٢ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Water Resources‫א‬ 2.2
 Rainfall‫א‬١{٢{٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Surface Water‫א‬‫א‬ 2.2.2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Groundwater‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٢
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Primary Studies of Water Supply Projects‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ، 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 Forecasting population‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١{٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١{٢F
 E٪F‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J  J  ٢٠١٠٠٠  ١٩٦٠
 ٥{٤٧  ١١٠٠٠  ٢١٢٠٠٠  ١٩٧٠
 ٥{٣٦  ١٢٠٠٠  ٢٢٤٠٠٠  ١٩٨٠
 ٤{٤٦  ١٠٠٠٠  ٢٣٤٠٠٠  ١٩٩٠
 ٥{٥٥  ١٣٠٠٠  ٢٤٧٠٠٠  ٢٠٠٠

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬

Arithmetic Method‫א‬‫א‬٥{٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
dP
 k=        E١{٢F
dt
 W
dP
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:
dt
 K‫א‬Wk
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pt = Po + kt
      E٢{٢F
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Pt
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Po
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ k‫א‬
 KE٢{١F‫א‬
Pn − Pm
 k=       E٣{٢F
tn − tm

 W
 Ktm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WPm
 Ktn ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WPn
‫א‬‫א‬
Pn ∆P
k=
∆t
Pm
tm tn ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢{١F
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Geometric Method‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 W،‫א‬
dP
 = k ′P       E٤{٢F
dt
 W
dP
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
dt
 K‫א‬‫א‬W k′ 
 K‫א‬W P 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ln Pt = ln Po + k ′∆ t      E٥{٢F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Pt
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Po
 KW k′
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ∆t

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ k’‫א‬
 KE٢{٢F‫א‬

ln Pn − ln Pm
k′ =       E٦{٢F
tn − t m
 W
  tm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WPm
 tn ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WPn
 
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬
ln Pn
∆ ln P
ln Pm k′ =
∆t
 ‫א‬
tm tn

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢{٢F


Comparative Method‫א‬٧{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 KE٣{٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣{٢F
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣{٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٧٠EAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEEFEDF،ECF،EBF
 .١٩٣٠EBF‫א‬،٥١٠٠٠


 Density of Population‫א‬‫א‬٨{٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣٨٠٠ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L١٠٠٠٠٨٨٠٠ •
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٢ L ٢٥٠٠٠٠  ٢٥٠٠٠  •
 KE‫א‬F


 Consumption for various purposes‫א‬‫א‬٩{٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   WDomestic  ‫א‬ ‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،LL٣٤٠٧٥
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  WCommercial and Industrial ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬L٢L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪١٥   ٢٥٠٠٠     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  WPublic use ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫• א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KLL٧٥‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   WLoss and waste ‫א‬  ‫א‬  •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٢{٢F ‫א‬  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢{٢F
‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 E٪F ELLF
 ٤٤  ٣٠٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤  ١٦٠  ‫א‬
 ١٥  ١٠٠  ‫א‬
 ٩  ٦٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ٥٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠  ٦٧٠  ‫א‬
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Factors Effecting Water Consumption‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٧


 Variations of Water Consumption ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
  E‫א‬ F    W‫א‬   K‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤{٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 P = 180 t −0.10       E٧{٢F

 K‫א‬EtF،‫א‬‫א‬(PF
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٢٨Z‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٤٨Z‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬٪١٨٠Z‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٥٠Z‫א‬ •


7000
‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬
6000
(‫س‬/٣‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك )م‬
5000
4000 ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻴﻮﻣ ﻲ‬

3000
2000
‫أدﻥﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬
1000 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤{٢F

 WE١{٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KLL٦٧٠

 W‫א‬
 LL١٨٠٠ZE١{٥FE١{٨FE٦٧٠FZ‫א‬
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Fire demand‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (flow) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 F = 18 C ( A ) 
0 .5
     E٨{٢F
 W
 KE٣{٧٨LLF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WF
 K‫א‬WC
 KE١٠{٧٦ ×٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WA

‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ٠{٦  ‫א‬     ١{٥  C   •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢٦٨٠‫א‬L ٣٠٢٤٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
L ١٨٩٠،‫א‬ ‫א‬ L
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣{٢F‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K١٠‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،L٣٠{٩K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤٠٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣{٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ELF  EF
 ١٨٩٠  ٣٠{٥
 ٢٨٣٥J ٣٧٨٠  ٩{٥٣٠{٥
 ٣٧٨٠J ٥٦٧٠  ٣{٤٩{٥
 ٥٦٧٠J ٧٥٦٠  ٣{٤


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤{٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF  ELF
 ٤  ٣٧٨٠
 ٥  ٤٧٢٥J ٣٧٨٠
 ٦  ٥٦٧٠J ٤٧٢٥
 ٧  ٦٦١٥J ٥٦٧٠
 ٨  ٧٥٦٠J ٦٦١٥
 ٩  ٨٥٠٥J ٧٥٦٠
 ١٠  ٨٥٠٥

- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
   ‫א‬ ٥        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬K٢١٥٠٠
 KLL٦٧٠

 W‫א‬
  L 106×20.1ZE٦٧٠F×E٣٠٠٠FZ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬٪١٨٠Z ‫א‬ •
 L106 × 36.18 Z(106 . 20.1) (1.8) Z

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 F = 18 C ( A )
0 .5
 0.5
[(1000) . (10.76) . (6)] . (3.78)(1.8) =F 
L 17.29 = F
 L 106 ×٢٤{٨٩= F
 LL106 ×61.07 Z106 ×24.89H 106 ×36.18Z‫א‬ •
10/24 ×106 ×٢٤{٨٩H106×٣٦{١٨Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 L 106 × 46.55Z
 LL1551Z

     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W٢٠٠٠٠٠

(
 Q = 231.64 P . 1 − 0.01 P  ) E٩{٢F
 W
 KEL٣F‫א‬‫א‬WQ
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WP
 K١٠‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WE٣{٢F
 K١٠٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ( )
Q = 231.64 100 1 − 0.01 100 = 2084.76 m 3 / hr
 KL٣٢٠٨٤٨Z١٠KE٢٠٨٤{٧٦FZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Methods of Water Distribution‫א‬١٣{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Gravity distribution ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{١٣{٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  KE٥{٢F ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E‫א‬ ‫א‬   F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

Waterhead

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥{٢F
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Distribution by means of pumping with storage ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{١٣{٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE٦{٢F ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦{٢F


 Distribution by means of pumping without storage‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{١٣{٢
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬K٢٤‫א‬E٧{٢F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬       
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧{٢F
 Elevated storage‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤{٢
 ١٢    ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬E٨{٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٩{٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 


 ‫א‬E٨{٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ K٣
- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩{٢F
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Storage necessary‫א‬‫א‬١٥{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٥‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K Q ≤ 270 m 3 / hr  Q = 231.64 P .(1 − 0.01 P )
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬  K٤
W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
KE١٠{٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7000
‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬
6000 D
5000
(‫س‬/٣‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك )م‬
4000 (II)
P C E Q
3000 ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬ (III)

A
(I)
F
2000
B
1000 ‫أدﻥﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻴﻮم‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠{٢F
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K(PCEQ)‫א‬‫א‬
(III)،(II)،(I)‫א‬
(III)‫א‬Z(II)‫א‬H(I)‫א‬Z‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬E١{٢٥FZ‫א‬ K٥

 Pressure in pipes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ kPa ٢٠٠ ١٥٠ •
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬kPa٤٠٠ •
 K‫א‬kPa٥٠٠ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،kPa ٣٥٠   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   •
 KkPa١٥٠‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،kPa٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬
kPa ٥٠٠ ٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Pressure zones‫א‬‫א‬١٧{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE١١{٢F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
KE١٢{٢F،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
EF
EF EF
EF EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١١{٢F


‫א‬
‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢{٢F
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢{٢F‫א‬،

Water distribution systems‫א‬١٨{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    WPrimary Feeders ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬    KE١٣{٢F        ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WSecondary Feeders‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٣{٢F‫א‬
  ‫א‬   WSmall Distribution Mains ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬



‫א‬
 
K‫א‬WE١٣{٢F
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Planning of Water distribution systems‫א‬١٩{٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE١٤{٢F‫א‬‫א‬WBranching System‫א‬‫ א‬
KE١٥{٢F‫א‬‫א‬WGrid System‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEE١٦{٢FF‫א‬(Composite System)‫א‬‫ א‬

‫א‬ 
‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤{٢F


‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥{٢F
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦{٢F

 Basic Design of Water Supply Networks‫א‬٢٠{٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥


 Flow Computations‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١{٢
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،(Reynolds) ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ (velocity)‫א‬
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(Hazen-Williams)     ،‫א‬  (headlosses) ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Q
 v = 0 . 849 CR S 0 . 54 = E١٠{٢F
0 . 63
A
 W
 .(Velocity)ELF‫א‬‫א‬Wv
.(Hydraulic Radius)EF‫א‬‫א‬WR
.(Hazen-Williams      ، ‫א‬     WC
KCE٥{٢F‫א‬Coefficient)
.(Hydraulic Gradient)‫א‬‫א‬WS
.(Flow)ELF‫א‬WQ
.(Hydraulic Area)EF‫א‬‫א‬WA
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،E‫א‬‫א‬F ÷ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FZR
WR
πD 2 / 4 D D
R= =
πD 4

WR
πD 2 / 8 D D
R= =
πD / 2 4
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥{٢F
 C  ‫א‬‫א‬
 140 Extremely smooth and straight
Cast iron:
130 New
120 5 years old
110 10 years old
90-100 20 years old
75-90 30 years old
120-140 Concrete or cemented:
Welded steel, as for cast-iron pipe, 5 years older
Rived steel, as for cast-iron pipe, 10 years older
150 Plastic
120-140 Asbestos
WE١٧{٢F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Q = 0 .278 CD 2.63 S 0.54  E١١{٢F
hL
S =  E١٢{٢F
L
1 / 0 .54
hL  Q 
 = 2 .63  E١٣{٢F
L  0 .278 CD 

- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Energy of grade line

hL
Q
Q1, v1, A1
D
Q2, v2, A2
Z1 Z2
L

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧{٢F

 WE٤{٢F
 W،١٠٠٠(headlosses)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D = 500 mm, Q = 0.25 m3/s, C = 130

 W‫א‬
πD 2 Q 0.25
A= = 0.2m 2 , v= = = 1.25m / s
4 A 0.2
0 .54
 hL 
Q = 0 .278 CD 2 .63
S 0 .54
= 0 .278 CD 2 .63
 
 L 
1 / 0 . 54
hL  Q 
= 2 .63 
L  0 . 278 CD 
10 . 7 Q 1 .85 L
h L = 1 .85 4 .87
C D
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
10 . 7 × ( 0 . 25 )1 .85 × 1000
hL = = 2 . 96 m
 (130 )1 .85 × ( 0 . 5 ) 4 .87
h L = 2 . 96 × 10 ≅ 30 kPa
 Chart Method‫א‬‫א‬٢٢{٢
      E١٨{٢F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 C = 100 (Q, D, S, v)‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Hydraulic Gradient)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠C‫א‬‫א‬
 WS Dv 
1 .85
 100 
 S c = S 100   E١٤{٢F
 C 

 WDS Q
0.38
 100 
 D c = D100   E١٥{٢F
 C 

 WQSD 
 C 
 Qc = Q100   E١٦{٢F
 100 
- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K(Hazen-Williams) ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨{٢F
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WE٥{٢F
٢‫א‬٢٠٠١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

W‫א‬
  L = 1500 m, D = 200 mm, Q = 2 m3/minW‫א‬‫ א‬
KE١٨{٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Q, D, S, v) ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
W
D = 200 mm, Q = 2 m3/min
Z S  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   Z  S  
K10.(10-3)
∆L
S= = 10 .10 − 3
L
∆L = S .L = (10 .10 3 ) × (1500 ) = 15 m ≅ 150 kPa
 Types of Pipes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٣{٢
‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K٣
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١
  ،  ١٠٠  ‫א‬‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬
K١٢٠
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٢
 ،‫א‬  ، ‫א‬
K  ٢٥٠
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   W ‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬،١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
  ، ٣٠‫א‬W‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬

 Pumps‫א‬٢٤{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
L٥{٧١{٩‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬      L   ٢{٨   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K١٠٠٠٠

 W‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE١٩{٢F‫א‬،(Centrifugal Pumps)
 K(Reciprocating Pumps) 
K(Rotary Pumps)‫א‬


 (Centrifugal Pumps)WE١٩{٢F

  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬  E٢٠{٢F ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬       ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (Head)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 TDH = H L + H F + H V E١٧{٢F
 W
(Total dynamic head)‫א‬‫א‬:TDH
‫א‬‫א‬ (Total static head) ‫א‬‫א‬ :HL

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Total friction headloss) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:HF
(Velocity head: v2/2g) ‫א‬:HV
Static
discharge
head
Total
Pump static
head
P
Static
suction
head

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠{٢F
- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ،(Net output) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Pw = KQH E١٨{٢F
 W
K(Water Power, kW)E‫א‬F‫א‬:Pw
 K(Flow, m3/min)ELF‫א‬: Q
K(Total dynamic head, m)،‫א‬‫א‬:H
 ٢٠ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    :K
 K٠{١٦٣K(kW, m3/min, m)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pw
 Pp = E١٩{٢F
Ep
 W
(Power input to the pump, kW)E‫א‬F‫א‬:Pp
(Water Power, kW)E‫א‬F‫א‬:Pw

 (Pump efficiency)‫א‬:Ep
 WE٦{٢F
‫א‬  L  ١{٩  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬K٧٠
 W‫א‬
  Pw = KQH 
Pw = (0.163).(1.9).(70) = 21.68 kW
Pw
 Pp =
Ep
Pp = 21.68 / 0.9 = 24.9 kW
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Valves‫א‬٢٥{٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢١{٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W(Sluice valve)
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W(Non-return valve)  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢١{٢F
- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Excavation and Backfill ‫א‬‫א‬٢٦{٢

‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢‫א‬‫א‬٢١{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٢{٢F‫א‬K ١٢٢٠ ١٧٦٠ ٥٠ ٤٦٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬


‫א‬ ٩٠
 
D ٣٠

 ١٥
 
 K‫א‬E٢٢{٢F
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
3
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K٦
    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬ K١٠
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Introduction١{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،K ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KErunoffF‫א‬ErainfallF‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ • ‫א‬ •
150 mm ٣٠٠mm 
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬ •
0.75 m/s 1 m/s
 •  •
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ • ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Amount of Storm Water‫א‬٢{٣

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬

 Q = iA       E١{٣F

 W
 E m3 / hr F‫א‬‫א‬ :Q
 KE mm/ hr F‫א‬‫א‬ : i 
 KE m 2 F‫א‬‫א‬ : A

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Q = CiA       E٢{٣F
- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ C
 KE١{٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

∑ C i ⋅ Ai
 C avg =       E٣{٣F
∑ Ai

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١{٣F
C ‫א‬
٠{٧٠–٠{٩٥ E‫א‬F
٠{٨٠–٠{٩٠ ‫א‬
٠{١٠–٠{٢٥ ‫א‬
٠{٧٥–٠{٨٥ ‫א‬
٠{١٥–٠{٣٠ ‫א‬
 ٠{٠٥–٠{١٠  ٪٢
 ٠{١٠–٠{١٥  ٪٧٢
 ٠{١٥–٠{٢٠ ٪٧
 ٠{١٣–٠{١٧  ٪٢
 ٠{١٨–٠{٢٢  ٪٧٢
 ٠{٢٥–٠{٣٥ ٪٧


 WE١{٣F
،٠{٥ km2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،٪٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٥‫א‬
- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 ‫؟‬64 mm/hr

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

∑ C i ⋅ Ai  Ci ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
C=
∑ Ai E٣J ١F Em2F Ai E٪F‫א‬
٠{٢٤٥J ٠{٣٣٢٥ ٠{٧٠–٠{٩٥ 175000 ٣٥  
٠{٣٠٠J ٠{٣٤٠ ٠{٧٥–٠{٨٥ 200000 ٤٠ ‫א‬

٠{٠١٢٥J ٠{٠٢٥ ٠{٠٥–٠{١٠ ١٢٥٠٠٠ ٢٥
 
٠{٥٥٧٥J ٠{٦٩٧٥ ‫א‬

٠{٥٥٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ٠{٦٩٧٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

100 m
 Q = CiA = 0 . 6975 × × 0 . 5 × 10 6 m 2 = 22320 m 3 / hr
1000 hr


Time of Concentration‫א‬٣{٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEinlet timeF‫א‬Etime of flowF
- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K20 min 5 min‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬W
‫א‬١٢{٥ m‫א‬5 min‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 20 m‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 WE٢{٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١{٣F‫א‬
 K0.75 m/s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEwatershedF

‫א‬
5 min
A
١ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫א‬
m ١٢٠
B 6 min
٢ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
m ١٥٠
C
‫א‬
 8 min ٣ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫א‬
 E٢{٣FWE١{٣F
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W٢‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

120 m
 = m sec
= 2 . 67 min
0 . 75 × 60
s min

 W٣‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

150 m
 = m sec
= 3 . 33 min
0 . 75 × 60
s min

 WE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WA
 = 5 + 2 .67 + 3 .33 = 11 min
 WB
 = 6 + 3 . 33 = 9 . 33 min
 WC
 = 8 min
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬11 min


Rainfall Intensity‫א‬‫א‬٤{٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E٢{٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٥،١٠،٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٠، ‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A
 i=       E٤{٣F
t+B

 W
 KE mm / hr F‫א‬‫א‬ :i
 KE min F‫א‬–‫א‬ : t
 K‫א‬‫א‬ : A& B


- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬–WE٢{٣F‫א‬


 WE٣{٣F
‫א‬٠{٢٥ km2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4830
 K i = ‫א‬12 min‫א‬،C = 0.30‫א‬
t + 25



 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
4830 4830
 i= = = 130 . 5 mm / hr
t + 25 12 + 25
- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬

mm m 10 6 m 2 m3
 Q = CiA = 0 .30 × 130 .5 × × 0 .25 km 2 × ≅ 9800
hr 1000 mm km 2 hr


Flow in Sewers‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬EManning EquationF

1 2 /3 1/ 2
 V = R S       E٥{٣F
n
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ :V
 ‫א‬‫א‬ : n 
D
 R= W‫א‬‫א‬ : R
4
 ‫א‬ : S
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

R 2 / 3S 1/ 2
 Q= A       E٦{٣F
n

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
2 1
0 .397 3 2
 V = D S       E٧{٣F
n

8 1
0 .312 3 2
 Q= D S       E٨{٣F
n

 K‫א‬‫א‬ m3 / s  m/ s W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E D F

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢{٣F‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E n F‫א‬WE٢{٣F
n ‫א‬
٠{٠١١–٠{٠١٤ 
٠{٠١٠–٠{٠١٧ 
٠{٠١١–٠{٠١٧ 
٠{٠١٢–٠{٠١٦ 
٠{٠١٣–٠{٠١٧ 
٠{٠١٠–٠{٠١٣ 

 WE٤{٣F
‫א‬K 0.04 m3/s‫א‬٠{٠٠٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬،n = 0.013‫א‬

- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 WE٨{٣F‫א‬‫א‬

8 1
0 . 312
Q = D 3S 2
n
8
0 . 312 1
 0 . 048 = D 3 (0 . 0025 ) 2
0 . 013
D = (0 . 04 )
3/8
= 0 . 30 m = 300 mm

W‫א‬E٢{٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
2 1
0 .397 3 2
V = D S
n

0 .397 2 1
= (0 .30 ) 3 (0 .0025 ) 2 = 0 .68 m / s
0 .013
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.0 m/s‫א‬
The Profile‫א‬‫א‬٦{٣
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬١W١٠٠٠١W٥٠٠
 W،E٣{٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣{٣F
Sewer Appurtenances‫א‬٧{٣
 Manholes‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬E٤{٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •

 Inlets E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،E٥{٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٦{٣F
‫א‬KK‫א‬
 KE٧{٣F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


 
 WE٤{٣F
- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٥{٣F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٦{٣F‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  


‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٧{٣F‫א‬

- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Design of Storm Sewers‫א‬٨{٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١W١٠٠٠، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١W٣٠٠٠
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 KE A F‫א‬‫א‬
KE C F‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
KE t F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
KE i F
‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
KE Q = C ⋅ i ⋅ A F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٦

 WE٥{٣F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
A1 = 1 .55 × 10 − 2 km 2
A 2 = 1 .40 × 10 − 2 km 2
−2
  A3 = 1 .22 × 10 km
2
A 4 = 1 .05 × 10 − 2 km 2
A5 = 0 . 67 × 10 − 2 km 2
 t = 10 min‫א‬ •
C = 0.40 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 n = 0.013‫א‬‫א‬ •
 L = 90 m‫א‬ •
2880
 i = ‫א‬‫א‬ •
t + 20
95 94 93 92 91
90
A1 A3 A5
٢ ٣ ٤ ٥
١
A2 A4
- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 W١J ٢‫א‬
A = 1.55 × 10−2 km2 = 15500 m 2
t = 10 min
2880 2880
 i= = = 96 mm / hr = 0.096 m / hr
t + 20 10 + 20
Q = C ⋅ i ⋅ A = 0.40 × 0.096 × 15500 = 595.2 m 3 / hr = 0.1653 m3 / s
94 − 93
S= = 0.011
90

 W‫א‬‫א‬،
8 1
0.312 3 2
Q= D S
n
8
0.312 3 1
 0.1653 = D (0.011) 2 
0.013
D1− 2 = (0.0654 ) = 0.36 m = 360 mm
3/8

2 1
0.397 3 2 0.397 2 1
V1−2 = DS = (0.36)3 (0.011) 2 = 1.63m/ s 
n 0.013
 W٢J ٣‫א‬
A = 1.55 ×10−2 + 1.40 ×10−2 = 2.95 ×10−2 km2 = 29500 m2
90 1
t = 10 + × = 10.92 min ≅ 11 min
1.63 60
2880 2880
 i= = = 92.9 mm / hr = 0.0929 m / hr
t + 20 11 + 20
Q = C ⋅ i ⋅ A = 0.40 × 0.0929× 29500 = 1096.22 m3 / hr = 0.3045 m3 / s
93 − 92
S= = 0.011
90
8 1
0.312 3 2
Q= D S
n
8
0.312 3 1
 0.3045 = D (0.011) 2 
0.013
D2−3 = (0.1204 ) = 0.453 m ≅ 450 mm
3/8
- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

2 1
0.397 3 2 0.397 2 1
V2−3 = D S = (0.45) 3 (0.011) 2 = 1.88 m / s 
n 0.013
 W٣J ٤‫א‬
A = 1.55 × 10 −2 + 1.40 × 10 −2 + 1.22 × 10 −2 = 4.17 × 10 −2 km 2 = 41700 m 2
90 1
t = 11 + × = 11.80 min
1.88 60
2880 2880
 i= = = 90.6 mm / hr = 0.0906 m / hr 
t + 20 11.8 + 20
Q = C ⋅ i ⋅ A = 0.40 × 0.0906 × 41700 = 1096.22 m 3 / hr = 0.42 m 3 / s
92 − 91
S= = 0.011
90
 
8 1
0 . 312
Q = D 3S 2
n
8
0 . 312 1
 0 . 42 = D 3 (0 . 011 ) 2 
0 . 013
D 3 − 4 = (0 . 167 )
3/8
= 0 . 51 m ≅ 500 mm
 
2 1
0.397 3 2 0.397 2 1
V3−4 = D S = (0.50) 3 (0.011) 2 = 2.02 m / s 
n 0.013
 W٤J ٥‫א‬
A = 1.55 × 10−2 + 1.40 × 10−2 + 1.22 × 10−2 + 1.05 ×−2 = 5.22 × 10−2 km2 = 52200 m 2
90 1
t = 11.8 + × = 12.54 min
2.02 60
2880 2880
 i= = = 88.51 mm / hr = 0.08851 m / hr 
t + 20 12.54 + 20
Q = C ⋅ i ⋅ A = 0.40 × 0.08851× 52200 = 1848 m3 / hr = 0.51 m 3 / s
91 − 90.2
S= = 8.888 × 10−3
90

- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
8 1
0 . 312
Q = D 3S 2
n
8
( )
1
0 . 312 −3 2
 0 . 51 = D 8 . 888 × 10
3

0 . 013
D 4 − 5 = (0 . 225 )
3/8
= 0 . 572 m ≅ 570 mm

2 1
( )
1
0.397 3 2 0.397 2
V4−5 = D S = (0.57) 3 8.888×10−3 2 = 1.98 m / s 
n 0.013

‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K1.0 m/s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K300 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Introduction١{٤
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬  K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Primary Studies of Sewerage Systems‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Primary Planning of Sewerage Networks‫א‬‫א‬٣{٤
         ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬KE٤{١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

506
 ‫א‬‫א‬
504
502


 ‫א‬WE١{٤F
- ٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
The profile ‫א‬‫א‬ 4.4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE٣{٣F‫א‬
١W١٠٠٠ ١W٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ١٠    ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Design of Sewerage Systems‫א‬‫א‬٥{٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ٢٠٠    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬L٩٠
٥٠٠  ٢٠٠   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L ٨٠
K
K٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬L٧٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
KL٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KL٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K٩٠٠‫א‬٠{٠٠٠٨٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬٠{٠٠٣٣‫א‬ K٥

 Waste Water Flow Rate‫א‬‫א‬٦{٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬      K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 W
 ‫א‬
 ٠{٧٥ × ‫א‬‫א‬ × ‫א‬ × ‫א‬‫א‬ =  E١{٤F
P  × ‫א‬ =      E٢{٤F

 W
2 ≤ P ≤ 6 (Peaking factor)‫א‬W P

W٨٠٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5.75
P=       E٣{٤F
p 0.2
 W٨٠٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

18
 P = 1+      E٤{٤F
4 + p 0 .5

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬p
- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Design Equation ‫א‬‫א‬٧{٤
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Manning Equation)‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬

0 .397 2 / 3 1 / 2
 v= D S      E٥{٤F
n

0.312 8 / 3 1 / 2
 Q= D S E٦{٤F
n
 W
(Velocity)ELF‫א‬:v
 EF‫א‬‫א‬:D
(Hydraulic gradient)‫א‬‫א‬:S
(Flow)ELF‫א‬:Q
 K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٠١٥‫א‬‫א‬٠{٠١٣Z:n

 Types of Pipes and its Properties‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨{٤
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥٠  ‫א‬   W(Verified clay pipes: VCP) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٦٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   E٣{٤F ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠٠W(Plain concrete pipes: PC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
   W(Reinforced concrete pipes: RC) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠٠٦٠٠‫א‬
W(Glass fiber reinforced pipes: GRP)‫א‬‫א‬ •
٣٠٠٠٦٠٠
K٨٠٠
‫א‬W(Polyvinyl chloride pipes: PVC) ‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE٣{٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،٣٠٠١٥٠
  
 .(VCP)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣{٤F

- ٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K(PVC)‫א‬‫א‬WE٥{٤F
Load and Supporting Strength ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩{٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(Earth load)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K(Live load)‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬(Bedding)‫א‬ K٣
K(Load factor)‫א‬ K٤
K(Factor of safety)‫א‬ K٥
K(Pipe strength)‫א‬ K٦

 Determination of Earth Load ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٩{٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦{٤F‫א‬

 W E = C d WB      E٧{٤F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:WE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١{٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:W
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 KB = 1.5 D + 300W‫א‬،‫א‬:B

 K‫א‬:Cd
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١{٤F
(kg/m3)‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١٦٠٠  (Dry sand)
 ١٨٤٠  (Ordinary sand)
 ١٩٢٠  (Wet sand)
 ١٩٢٠  (Damp sand)
 ٢٠٨٠  (Saturated clay)
 ١٨٤٠  (Saturated topsoil)
 ١٦٠٠ (Sand and damp topsoil)


 EFE F
- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
H WE 
D 

 EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J EF،EF،EFWE٦{٤F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧{٤F‫א‬Cd ‫א‬‫א‬
1 − e −2ku′H / B
 Cd =      E٨{٤F
2ku′
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:H
K(Vertical Pressure) ‫א‬(Active internal pressure)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:k
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:u’

KCd‫א‬‫א‬WE٧{٤F
- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(ku’)E٢{٤F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ku’E٢{٤F
 ku’  ‫א‬
 ٠{١٩٢ (Cohesionless granular soil)
 ٠{١٦٥  (Sand and gravel)
 ٠{١٥٠  (Saturated topsoil)
 ٠{١٣٠  (Saturated clay)
 ٠{١١٠  (Saturated clay) 
 WE١{٤F
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٦٠٠Z‫א‬
K٣{٦Z‫א‬
K١{٢Z‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 WWE‫א‬‫א‬

W E = C d WB
1 − e −2 ku ′H / B
Cd =
2 ku ′
ku’ = 0.11
W = 1920 kg/m3
1 − e −2 ( 0.11) 3 / 1.2
Cd = = 2 .2
2(0.11)
- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
WE = 2.2 × (1920) × (1.2)2 = 6082 kg/m



 Applied Live Load on Pipes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٩{٤
‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    KE٨{٤F‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 KE٤{٤FE٣{٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨{٤F
- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٣{٤F
 Proportion of (long) superficial loads pipes in trenches
    ‫א‬
        ‫א‬
 1.00  1.00  1.00  1.00  0.0
 0.89  0.88  0.86  0.85  0.5
 0.80  0.77  0.75  0.72  1.0
 0.72  0.67  0.64  0.61  1.5
 0.64  0.59  0.55  0.52  2.0
 0.51  0.45  0.41  0.37  3.0
 0.41  0.35  0.31  0.27  4.0
 0.33  0.27  0.23  0.19  5.0
 0.26  0.20  0.17  0.14  6.0
 0.17  0.12  0.09  0.07  8.0
 0.11  0.07  0.05  0.04  10.0

- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٤{٤F
 Proportion of (short) superficial loads pipes in trenches
    ‫א‬
        ‫א‬
 1.00  1.00  1.00  1.00  0.0
 0.81 0.79  0.78 0.77  0.5
 0.66  0.63  0.61  0.59  1.0
 0.54  0.51  0.48  0.46  1.5
 0.44  0.40  0.38  0.35  2.0
 0.35  0.32  0.29  0.27  2.5
 0.29  0.25  0.23  0.21  3.0
 0.19  0.16  0.14  0.12  4.0
 0.13  0.10  0.09  0.07  5.0
 0.08  0.06  0.05  0.04  6.0
 0.04  0.03  0.02  0.02  8.0
 0.02  0.01  0.01  0.01  10.0

- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Load Factor‫א‬٣{٩{٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Lf =
[W E + WL ]
      E٩{٤F
WB
 W
 ‫א‬WLf
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WWL
 .(Three-edge bearing strength) ‫א‬WWB
 Factor of Safety ‫א‬٤{٩{٤
 W‫א‬FS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FS = 1W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
FS = 1.25 - 1.5W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

Required Bearing Strength for Pipes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥{٩{٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE WL 
 WB =  + .FS     E١٠{٤F
 Lf 1.5 

 W
 .(Three-edge bearing strength) ‫א‬WWB
- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٨{٤F  E٥{٤F  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K(ASTM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥{٤F
Minimum crushing strength of clay pipe (ASTM)
Nominal size Extra strength clay pipe, Standard strength clay pipe,
(mm) kgf/linear (m) kgf/linear (m)
100 2980 1790
150 2980 1790
200 3270 2080
250 3570 2380
305 3870 2680
380 4320 2980
460 4910 3270
530 5730 3570
610 6550 3870
690 6990 4170
760 7440 4910
840 8190 5360
915 8930 5960
- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦{٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Physical and dimensional requirements for non-reinforced concrete pipes (ASTM)
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum

diam., thickness strength, thickness strength, thickness strength,
(mm) of wall, kN/linear m, of wall, kN/linear m, of wall, kN/linear m,
(mm) three-edge (mm) three-edge (mm) three-edge
bearing bearing bearing
100 15.9 21.9 19.0 29.2 22.2 35.0
150 15.9 21.9 19.0 29.2 25.4 35.0
200 19.0 21.9 22.2 29.2 28.6 35.0
250 22.2 23.3 25.4 29.2 31.8 35.0
310 25.4 26.3 34.9 32.8 44.5 37.9
380 31.8 29.2 41.3 37.9 47.6 42.2
460 38.1 32.1 50.8 43.8 57.2 48.1
530 44.5 35.0 57.2 48.1 69.9 56.2
610 54.0 37.9 76.2 52.5 95.3 64.2
- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧{٤F
Supporting strength of concrete pipe
Standard strength Extra strength

Concrete sewer pipe, C14 Concrete sewer pipe, C14
Safety factor = 1.5 Safety factor = 1.5
Bedding
class
D C B A D C B A
Load
factor
1.1 1.5 1.9 3.0 1.1 1.5 1.9 3.0
Internal
diameter Supporting strength, (kN/m)
of pipe,
(mm)
150 11.68 16.06 20.44 32.12 21.90 29.20 36.50 58.40
200 13.14 18.98 23.36 37.96 21.90 29.20 36.50 58.40
250 14.60 20.44 26.28 40.88 21.90 29.20 36.50 58.40
310 16.06 21.90 27.74 43.80 23.36 32.12 40.88 65.70
380 17.52 24.82 32.12 51.10 29.20 40.88 51.10 80.30
460 20.44 29.20 36.50 58.40 35.04 48.18 61.32 96.36
530 23.36 32.12 40.88 64.24 40.88 55.48 71.54 113.88
610 42.82 35.04 43.80 70.08 42.34 58.40 74.46 116.80
- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨{٤F
Design loads for reinforced concrete pipe (ASTM)
Design load, (N/m per mm diameter)

Class To produce a 0.25 mm crack Ultimate
I 38.3 57.4
II 47.9 71.8
III 64.6 95.8
IV 95.8 144.0
V 144.0 180.0

 Manholes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٤
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ١٢٠٠   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬ 
 ٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬، ١٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٠٠٧٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨٠60‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
٦٠K‫א‬،،W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ٧٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
KE١ × ١F •
KE١{٢ × ٠{٨F •
K١‫א‬ •

Water Pressure Testing‫א‬‫א‬١١{٤
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ١٠٠‫א‬ ٣ ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬
 Stages of Pipe Construction‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢{٤

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٩{٤F‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬      ١٠  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ ،
- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









- ١٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩{٤F
- ١٠٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  References‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?E١٩٨٨F‫א‬ K١
K،‫א‬
– ‫א‬   ،?‫א‬ ? E١٩٨٢F ‫א‬     K٢
K‫א‬،‫א‬
3. Chin, David A. (1999), “Water Resources Engineering”, Prentice Hall.

4. Hammer, J. Mark. & Hammer, J. Mark, Jr. (1996) “Water and
wastewater Technology”, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall, inc., New Jersey.
5. Lin, Shun D. & Lee, C. C. (2001), “Water and Wastewater Calculations
Manual”, McGraw-Hill Professional.
6. Mays, Larry W. (2001), “Storm Water Collection Systems Design
Handbook”, McGraw-Hill Professional.
7. Mays, Larry W. (1999), “Water Distribution Systems Handbook”,
McGraw-Hill Professional.
8. Qasim, Sayed R. (2000), “Edward M. Motley and Guang Zhu. Water
Works Engineering Planning Design and Operations”, Prentice Hall
PTR.
9. Steel, E. W. & Mcghee, Terence J. (1979), “Water Supply and
Sewerage”, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc.
10. Streeter, L. Victor & Wylie, E. Benjamin (1979), “Fluid Mechanics”, 7th
Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc.
11. Vennard, K. John & Street, L. Robert (1982) “Elementary Fluid
Mechanics”, 6th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
- ١٠٣ -
 ‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
           ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK1.1
٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{١
٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣{١
٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١{٣{١
٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢{٣{١
٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣{٣{١
٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤{٣{١
١١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤{١
١١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١{٤{١
١٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢{٤{١
 ١٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣{٤{١
 ١٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤{٤{١
١٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٥{٤{١
٢٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٦{٤{١
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١{٢
 ٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬2.2
 ٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١{٢{٢
 ٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬2.2.2
 ٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٢
 ٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢
          ‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{٢
٢٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥{٢
٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢
٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٧{٢
٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٨{٢
٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٩{٢
٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٢
٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١{٢
 ٣٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢{٢
٣٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١٣{٢
٣٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{١٣{٢
 ٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{١٣{٢
 ٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣{١٣{٢
٣٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤{٢
٤١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١٥{٢
٤٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦{٢
٤٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١٧{٢
٤٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١٨{٢
٤٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١٩{٢
٤٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢٠{٢
٤٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١{٢
٥٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢٢{٢
٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٣{٢
٥٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢٤{٢
٥٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢٥{٢
٥٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢٦{٢
 ‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
          ‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١{٣
٦٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢{٣
٦٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣{٣
٦٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤{٣
٦٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣
٧٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٦{٣
٧١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٧{٣
٧٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٨{٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٨٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١{٤
٨٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٤
٨٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣{٤
٨٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬4.4
٨٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥{٤
٨٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٦{٤
٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٧{٤
٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨{٤
٨٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩{٤
٨٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٩{٤
٩٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٩{٤
٩٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣{٩{٤
٩٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤{٩{٤
 ‫א‬  ٢٠٧  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
         ‫א‬


٩٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥{٩{٤
٩٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٤
١٠٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١١{٤
١٠٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢{٤
١٠٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

شبكات المياه والصرف الصحي

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

شبكات المياه والصرف الصحي

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

 E١J ٢FWE١J ٣F

 ‫א‬E٢F‫א‬ = z 2  ‫א‬E١F‫א‬ = z1 

9.6 m/s 0.5 m

 E١J ٤FWE١J ٥F

 WGlobal Water Distribution‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٤J ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢

 Surface Water‫א‬‫א‬ 2.2.2

 Primary Studies of Water Supply Projects‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢

 E٪F‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥{٤٧  ١١٠٠٠  ٢١٢٠٠٠  ١٩٧٠

 ٥{٣٦  ١٢٠٠٠  ٢٢٤٠٠٠  ١٩٨٠

 ٤{٤٦  ١٠٠٠٠  ٢٣٤٠٠٠  ١٩٩٠

 ٥{٥٥  ١٣٠٠٠  ٢٤٧٠٠٠  ٢٠٠٠

  WCommercial and Industrial ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫• א‬

 Factors Effecting Water Consumption‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٢

4000 ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻴﻮﻣ ﻲ‬

 Distribution by means of pumping with storage ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{١٣{٢

3000 ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬ (III)

 Planning of Water distribution systems‫א‬١٩{٢

Energy of grade line

D = 500 mm, Q = 0.25 m3/s, C = 130

‫א‬‫א‬ (Total static head) ‫א‬‫א‬ :HL

(Velocity head: v2/2g) ‫א‬:HV

 ،(Net output) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Water Power, kW)E‫א‬F‫א‬:Pw

 Excavation and Backfill ‫א‬‫א‬٢٦{٢

Amount of Storm Water‫א‬٢{٣

Design of Storm Sewers‫א‬٨{٣

The profile ‫א‬‫א‬ 4.4

 Design of Sewerage Systems‫א‬‫א‬٥{٤

P  × ‫א‬ =      E٢{٤F

Design Equation ‫א‬‫א‬٧{٤

 KB = 1.5 D + 300W‫א‬،‫א‬:B

WE = 2.2 × (1920) × (1.2)2 = 6082 kg/m

Required Bearing Strength for Pipes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥{٩{٤

100 2980 1790

150 2980 1790

200 3270 2080

250 3570 2380

305 3870 2680

380 4320 2980

460 4910 3270

530 5730 3570

610 6550 3870

690 6990 4170

760 7440 4910

840 8190 5360

915 8930 5960

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Internal Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum

100 15.9 21.9 19.0 29.2 22.2 35.0

150 15.9 21.9 19.0 29.2 25.4 35.0

200 19.0 21.9 22.2 29.2 28.6 35.0

250 22.2 23.3 25.4 29.2 31.8 35.0

310 25.4 26.3 34.9 32.8 44.5 37.9

380 31.8 29.2 41.3 37.9 47.6 42.2

460 38.1 32.1 50.8 43.8 57.2 48.1

530 44.5 35.0 57.2 48.1 69.9 56.2

610 54.0 37.9 76.2 52.5 95.3 64.2

Standard strength Extra strength

200 13.14 18.98 23.36 37.96 21.90 29.20 36.50 58.40

250 14.60 20.44 26.28 40.88 21.90 29.20 36.50 58.40