GENERIC NAME: Benzydamine, Cetylpyridinium, Pholcodine

BRAND NAME: Difflam

GENERAL CATEGORY: NSAID, analgesic
INDICATION: sore throat, tonsillitis, mouth ulcers
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Difflam contains the active ingredient benzydamine. Benzydamine
belongs to a family of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They work
to reduce pain and inflammation in the body by reducing the production of hormone-like substances that
promote the inflammatory response. Benzydamine also possesses local anesthetic activity.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
-do not exceed 12 lozenges a day.
-do not take continuously for 7 days

GENERIC NAME: Indacaterol-Glycopyrrolate

BRAND NAME: Utibron Neohaler
GENERAL CATEGORY: Bronchodilator
INDICATION: control wheezing and SOB caused byo ngoing lung disease (chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema)
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Indacaterol works by stimulating adrenergic beta-2 receptors in the
smooth muscle of the airways. This causes relaxation of the muscle, thereby increasing the diameter of
the airways, which become constricted in asthma and COPD. It is also long acting due to its high affinity
to the lipid raft domains in the airway membrane so it slowly dissociates from the receptors. Indacaterol
also has a high intrinsic efficacy so it is also very rapid acting - onset of action occurs within 5 minutes.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Assess respiratory status (rate, breath sounds, degree of dyspnea, pulse) before administration and at
peak of medication. Consult health care professional about alternative medication if severe bronchospasm
is present; onset of action is too slow for patients in acute distress. If paradoxical bronchospasm
(wheezing) occurs, withhold medication and notify health care professional immediately.
- Monitor for signs and symptoms of allergic reactions (difficulties in breathing or swallowing, swelling
of tongue, lips and face, urticaria, skin rash). Discontinue therapy if symptoms occur.
- Lab Test Considerations: May cause transient hypokalemia and hyperglycemia

GENERIC NAME: Candesartan

BRAND NAME: Blopress
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: angiotensin II receptor antagonist
INDICATIONS: Management of hypertension, treatment of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in patients with
type 2 diabetes, management of CHF in patients who cannottolerate ACE inhibitors.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone producing effects of angiotensin
II at receptor sites, including vascular smooth muscle and theadrenal glands. Therapeutic effects:
Lowering of blood pressure, slowed progression of diabetic nephropathy, decrease risk of stroke.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
-Assess BP and pulse periodically during therapy.
-Assess patient for signs of angioedema.
-Auscultate lungs for rales during therapy.
-Emphasize the importance of continuing medication as directed even if feelingwell.
-Instruct the patient or the family about the proper technique in taking the blood pressure.
Caution patient to avoid sudden position changes to decrease hypostatichypotension

GENERIC NAME: Ferrous gluconate

BRAND NAME: Sangibion
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: Vitamins & Minerals + iron (Pre & Post Natal) / Antianemics
INDICATION: anemia
MECHANISM OF ACTION: an essential mineral found in haemoglobin, myoglobin, and enzymes.
Enters the bloodstream and transported to the reticuloendothelial system (liver, spleen, bone marrow)
where it is separated out and becomes part of iron stores.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS: note for pain, note for hypersensitivity, monitor stool, monitor RR,
breath sounds, and HR
GENERIC NAME: Cilostazol
BRAND NAME: pletal
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics (Thrombolytics)
INDICATION: Reduction of symptoms of intermittent claudication allowing increased walking distance
MECHANISM OF ACTION: inhibits phosphodiesterase-III (PDE-III), thereby suppressing cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) degradation. Increase in cAMP in platelets and blood vessels leads to
inhibition of platelet aggregation, vasodilation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
-Assess for heart failure
-Administer drug on an empty stomach, at least 30 min before or 2 hr after breakfast and dinner
-Encourage patient to avoid use of grape fruit juice
-Establish walking distance to monitor drug effectiveness
-Establish safety precautions to avoid injury and bleeding
-Encourage patient to continue therapy, results may not be seen for 2-4 wks
-Give patient awareness to the side effects of the d

GENERIC NAME: Piperacillin Sodium + Tazobactam sodium

BRAND NAME: vigocid
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: antibacterial
INDICATIONS: nasocomial pneumonia, Treatment of severe gm -ve infection & other susceptible bacteria;
neutropenic patients; cystic fibrosis; otitis media; skin infection; surgical infection prophylaxis; UTI; bone & joint
infections; gynecological infection including postpartum endometritis & pelvic inflammatory disease (PID);
peritonitis; septicemia.
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Piperacillin sodium is bactericidal in action by inhibiting septum formulation and
cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria. In vitro, piperacillin is active against a variety of gram-positive and gram-
negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with an extended spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria. Its
spectrum of activity is widened by administration with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. Tazobactam sodium
has the potential to extend the spectrum of activity to beta-lactam antibiotics against beta-lactamase-producing
bacteria. It has little clinically relevant in vitro activity against bacteria due to its reduced affinity to penicillin-
binding proteins
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Assesspatientforinfection(vitalsigns;appearanceofwound,sputum,urine,and stool; WBC) at beginning of and during
therapy.
-Obtainahistorybeforeinitiatingtherapytodetermineprevioususeofandreac- tions to penicillins or cephalosporins.
Persons with a negative history of penicillin sensitivity may still have an allergic response.
-Obtainspecimensforcultureandsensitivitypriortoinitiatingtherapy.Firstdose may be given before receiving results.
-Observepatientforsignsandsymptomsofanaphylaxis(rash,pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue the drug
and notify health care professional immediately if these occur. Keep epinephrine, an anti- histamine, and
resuscitation equipment close by in the event of an ana- phylactic reaction.
-Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stools should be reported to health care
professional promptly as a sign of pseudomembranous colitis. May begin up to several weeks following cessation of
therapy.
-Assess for skin reactions (rash, fever, edema, mucosal erosions or ul- cerations, red or inflamed eyes). Monitor
patient with mild to moderate rash for progression. If rash becomes severe or systemic symptoms oc- cur,
discontinue piperacillin/tazobactam.

GENERIC NAME: Calcium carbonate + Vitamin D3

BRAND NAME:
GENERAL CATEGORY: Calcium/with Vitamins
INDICATION: low blood calcium level
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Calcium carbonate is a calcium supplement that is used in deficiency
states and as an adjunct in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble
sterol, it aids in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone mineralisation.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Observe patient closely for symptoms of hypocalcemia (paresthesia, muscle twitching, laryngospasm,
colic, cardiac arrhythmias, Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign). Notify physician or other health care
professional if these occur. Protect symptomatic patients by elevating and padding siderails and keeping
bed in low position.
-Monitorpatientondigitalisglycosidesforsignsoftoxicity.
-Antacid:Whenusedasanantacid,assessforheartburn,indigestion,andabdomi-
nal pain. Inspect abdomen; auscultate bowel sounds.
-Lab Test Considerations: Monitor serum calcium or ionized calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, albumin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations before and periodically during
therapy for treatment of hypocal- cemia.
-Toxicity and Overdose: Assess patient for nausea, vomiting, anorexia, thirst, severe constipation,
paralytic ileus, and bradycardia. Contact physician or other health care professional immediately if these
signs of hypercalcemia occur.