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Design of Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS)

Article · September 2015

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Sangamreddi Chandramouli Naga Vara Prasad Ganti

Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapati Raj College of Engineering South Dakota State University
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 IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 07, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Design of Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS)

Dr.S.Chandramouli1 G.N.V.Prasad2
1
Professor 2B.Tech. Student
1,2
M.V.G.R.College of Engineering, Vizayanagaram, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract— The gap between water demand and supply has 3. Hostel 135
been continuously widening. This has led to increase 4. vehicles 5.33
emphasis on the optimal management of the available water 5. Construction purpose 1000
resources. Rigorous planning and management of water Table 1: Standards of water consumption
resources is required for long term sustainable resource From the above data water consumption per day is
development. Hence rainwater harvesting is the engineering 406887.6625 lit, Main sources for water consumption in this
solution to water problem of urban area especially in semi- study area is ground water. The amount of water extracted
arid region. In order to apply concept of rain water from the bore wells per day is nearly 574000 lit; the
harvesting, the MVGR college campus is taken as study area remaining water is flow as surface runoff
to plan analyze and design rainwater harvesting system to S.NO DESCRIPTION AREA (sq.m)
reduce the impact on ground water as the only source of 1. ADMIN BLOCK 1175.13
water is ground water on which the people are depending for 2. CIVIL 2332.03
various needs. Detailed survey had been carried out in our 3. EEE 1847.70
campus regarding on water consumption, existing RWHS 4. CSE 1830.31
and proposed new systems. Placing of non bio degradable
5. S&H 170.08
plastic filters between each layer in recharge pits, which
6. ECE 2026.97
helps for prevention of entering sand particles into pores. By
7. MECH 1980.14
adopting these methods we can save more money on water
8. GIRLS HOSTEL 798.98
consumption and maintenance cost.
Key words: RWHS, Rainwater Harvesting System 9. MBA/MCA 1563.66
10. CANTEEN 718.28
I. INTRODUCTION 11. BASKET BALL COURT 638.64
12. OPEN AUDITORIUM 107.88
In present scenario of water scarcity, water conservation 13. PARKING SHEDS 904.00
plays a vital role. Rain water harvesting is one of the water
14. WORKSHOPS 3376.06
conservation methods on small scale. Rain water harvesting
15. HUTS 100.00
is the gathering or accumulating and storing of rain water.
16 GENERATOR ROOM 107.80
Rain water can be used for drinking, irrigation and for
Table 2: Classification of Roof Top Ar
ground water recharge purpose. Rain water can be collected
from roofs, sloppy ground, roads, etc.., rainwater coming AREA
S. NO DESCRIPTION
from roof tops are in good quality compared to others. The (sq.m)
increase in demand for water has increased awareness 1. BITUMEN ROAD 16848.28
towards the use of artificial recharge to augment ground 2. CONCRETE ROAD 2527.00
water supplies. Stated simply, artificial recharge is a process 3. TILED ROAD 1863.00
by which excess surface water is directed into the ground. Table 3: Roads Area
OPEN AREA: 57566.97 sq.m
II. OBJECTIVES MONTH AVG RAINFALL(mm)
January 5.231579
 To meet increasing water demand.
February 20.11053
 To avoid flooding of roads.
March 10.01053
 To increase the level of ground water table. April 23.73158
 To reduce the cost of consuming water. May 49.79474
 Utilization of rainwater effectively. June 41.12222
July 67.81579
III. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA August 89.16316
A. Water Demand as per Standards: September 126.3895
Water demand is estimated by adopting the standards for October 155.6263
various consumption units. Water is being utilized by people November 52.78947
for various purposes such as drinking, sanitation, cleaning, December 3.431579
gardening, construction, fire accidents, etc.., Table 4: Monthly Average Rainfall From 1987-2005
S. Consumption per Therefore the annual average total depth of rainfall
Consumption units at the end of the year is 645.217mm.
No capita per day(lit)
1. Open areas(57566.975 sq.mts) 3.5lit per sq.mts
Students, teaching staff, non
2. teaching staff & special 45
category

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 Design of Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS)
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 07/2015/081)

IV. RUNOFF ESTIMATION ⁄ ⁄

Computation of runoff volume used to design of recharge Where,
pits and storage volume. Amount of discharge coming from
surface runoff can be computed by the following expression.

Q=surface runoff in ⁄
I=Intensity of rainfall in ⁄ ⁄ = ⁄ )
C=runoff co-efficient, ⁄ = ⁄ )
A=Catchment area
Runoff volume
( )= Using equation of continuity
From the above formula the volume of water
received to harvest is 31014.64 per year, the intensity of
the rainfall can be obtained from the formula Applying the method of similitude for the continuity
I= equation
⁄ ⁄

( ⁄ ) ⁄
T=Return period =5 years Substituting the value in eq.1, the obtained eq. is
a=0.5 for southern India =( ⁄ ) ⁄
D=75 min duration of rainfall
S.NO Ground cover Runoff co-efficient Consider,
1. Built up area 0.85 ⁄ = ⁄
2. Bitumen road 0.825
Substituting the value of ⁄
3. Concrete road 0.825
4. Open area 0.2
5. Tiled road 0.825 ⁄ ⁄ )
i.e.,1.95556 . Where runoff co-efficient for different As the scale for prototype is ten times more than the model
surfaces in study area are tabulated below.
⁄ ⁄

V. DESIGN OF RECHARGE PIT MODEL

Rain water is infiltrate through the recharge pit. The filter ⁄
materials should be filled in graded form. Boulders at the Where ⁄
bottom, gravels in between & coarse sand at the top.
Usually in recharge pit sand, 20mm & 40mm aggregate will ⁄
be used as filter material. In the present study recharge pit with the obtained discharge the recharge pit
model had been taken in 1:10 ratio i.e. sand, 2mm & 4mm area for the prototype can be calculated using the formulae,
aggregate. =( ⁄ ) ⁄
Proposed dimensions for recharge pit as follows
A. Proposed Locations of Each Recharge Pit

Fig. 1: Design

VI. DIMENSION ANALYSIS

.
Adopting the method of hydraulic similitude, using Froude’s Fig. 2: Locations
Law,
Area Dia
S.no Description
( ) ( ) ⁄ ( ) (m)
( ⁄ )

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 Design of Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS)
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 07/2015/081)

1. Admin block 1175.127 0.0226 9.715 0.02 1.44 1.35

2. Civil 2332.03 0.0226 9.715 0.04 2.85 1.91
3. EEE 1847.7 0.0226 9.715 0.03 2.26 1.70
4. CSE 1830.30 0.0226 9.715 0.03 2.24 1.69
5. S&H 170.07 0.0226 9.715 0.00 0.21 0.51
6. ECE 2026.96 0.0226 9.715 0.03 2.48 1.78
7. Mech 1980.139 0.0226 9.715 0.03 2.42 1.76
8. Girls hostel 798.98 0.0226 9.715 0.01 0.98 1.12
9. Mba/Mca 1563.6617 0.0226 9.715 0.03 1.91 1.56
10. Canteen 718.283 0.0226 9.715 0.01 0.88 1.06
11. Work shops 3376.056 0.0226 9.715 0.06 4.13 2.29
Table 5: Description

VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The results of this project are as follows:
 Average annual rainfall is 645.217mm.
 Total surface runoff is 32014
 M.V.G.R campus area is 47 acres
From the above information it is concluded that
designing of recharge pit as per standard dimensions will
reduce the cost of implementation, placing of plastic filter
reduces maintenance cost i.e.
It prevents mixing of material so that we can re use it again.
Level of ground water is also rises so that pumping cost can
be minimized. This paper is fulfilled with all aspect of
improving the water scarcity problem in M.V.G.R. campus
by implementing these techniques.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study was conducted by the author under super vision
of Dr.S.Chandramouli professor at M.V.G.R.college of
engineering.The author was thankful to him for his support
over the period in hich this article as written, officers in
IMD Visakhapatnam for their contribution in DATA
collection for this study.

REFERENCES
[1] Chao-Hsien Liaw and Yao-Lung TsaiWater (2004),”
Optimum storage volume of roof top rainwater
harvesting systems for domestic use, journal of the
American water resources association”, Paper
No.03014.
[2] Nadia Ibraimo Paiva Munguambe (2007).” Rainwater
Harvesting Technologies for small scale Rainfied
Agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas.Integrated water
resource management for improved rural livelihoods
CGIR challenge program on livelihoods.
[3] K.ARORA soil mechanics and foundation engineering
(Geotechnical engineering),Standard publications.
[4] K.Subramanya, (2008), Engineering hydrology,TATA
MCGRAW-HILL Education private limited.
[5] G.S Birdie, (2010) water supply and sanitation
engineering, Dhanpat rai publications

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