Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Entrada
¿Crisis en las economías postcoloniales de Iberoamérica?
por: Jorge Gelman
29 oct 2015· Comentarios
0HJXVWD 7ZLWWHDU 0
/DVpOLWHVTXHGLULJLHURQORVSURFHVRVGHLQGHSHQGHQFLD
29 HQ$PpULFD/DWLQDHQORVLQLFLRVGHOVLJOR;,;
oct
PDQLIHVWDURQVXHVSHUDQ]DHQTXHHOILQGHORUGHQ
FRORQLDOGHODVSHVDGDVJDEHODVLPSXHVWDVSRUOD
PHWUySROLV\GHOPRQRSROLRFRPHUFLDODXJXUDEDXQ
IXWXURGHIHOLFLGDG\ULTXH]DSDUDORVQXHYRV(VWDGRV
6LQHPEDUJRHOGHVHPSHxRGHHVWDVHFRQRPtDV
GXUDQWHODVSULPHUDVGpFDGDVGHOVLJOR;,;SXVRHQ
HQWUHGLFKRHVDVHVSHUDQ]DV\SDUHFLyVXPLUDORV
WHUULWRULRVUHFLpQLQGHSHQGL]DGRVHQXQDFULVLVTXH
OOHYyDODSREUH]DDPXFKRVGHVXVKDELWDQWHV
$OPHQRVHVWDHVODYLVLyQTXHPXFKRVKLVWRULDGRUHV
GHHVWDHWDSDKDQUHVDOWDGR
¢+DVWDTXpSXQWRHVWRHVYHUGDG"
/RSULPHURTXHHVQHFHVDULRUHPDUFDUHVTXHVHWUDWD
GHXQDFXHVWLyQGHFLVLYDSDUDHOGHVHPSHxRGHODV
HFRQRPtDVODWLQRDPHULFDQDVHQHOODUJRSOD]R\DTXH
VHJ~QGLYHUVDVLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVUDGLFDHQHVWDHWDSD
ODH[SOLFDFLyQGHODWUDVRUHODWLYRGHOVXEFRQWLQHQWH(V
GHFLUTXHQRVHUtDGXUDQWHODFRORQLDQLHQWUHILQHVGHO
;,;\ODPD\RUSDUWHGHOVLJOR;;TXHVHSURGXMRHVH
DWUDVRVLQRSUHFLVDPHQWHHQODVRGpFDGDVTXH
VLJXHQDOILQGHORUGHQFRORQLDO
/RVHJXQGRHVTXHVHWUDWDGHXQREMHWRGHHVWXGLR
FRPSOHMRHVSHFLDOPHQWHSRUODHVFDVH]GHEXHQDV
IXHQWHVGHLQIRUPDFLyQSDUDPHGLUHVHGHVHPSHxR
HFRQyPLFR(VWRHVDVtSUHFLVDPHQWHSRUODFULVLVGHO
VLVWHPDFRORQLDO\ODGLILFXOWDGGHORVQXHYRV(VWDGRV
HQFRQVWUXFFLyQ\HQGLVSXWDFRQRWUDVHQWLGDGHVFRQ
YRFDFLyQHVWDWDOGHFRQWURODUORVWHUULWRULRVVREUHORV
TXHSURFODPDEDQVXVREHUDQtD6LDHOOROHVXPDPRV
ODRPQLSUHVHQFLDGHODVJXHUUDVHQODPD\RUSDUWHGHO
WHUULWRULRQRSRGHPRVPiVTXHFRQILUPDUGLFKD
$QyQLPR3XHUWRGHO5RVDULRFD$OEXPLQD[FPÈOEXP9LVWDV3LQWRUHVFDVGHOD5HS~EOLFD$UJHQWLQD
SUHVXQFLyQ
%LEOLRWHFD0DQXHO*DOYp]%XHQRV$LUHV
¢4XpHOHPHQWRVFRQILUPDUtDQODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQD
FULVLVSRVWFRORQLDO"
/RSULPHURHVODPDJQLWXG\GXUDFLyQGHODVJXHUUDVWDQWRGHODVUHDOL]DGDVHQWUHµSDWULRWDV¶\µUHDOLVWDV¶HQORVSULPHURVRDxRVWUDVODFULVLVPRQiUTXLFD
FRPRGHODVOODPDGDVµJXHUUDVFLYLOHV¶TXHHQIUHQWDURQDGLIHUHQWHVHQWLGDGHVFRQYRFDFLyQHVWDWDOHQGLVSXWDFRQRWURVTXHUHFODPDEDQVXVREHUDQtDVREUHHO
PLVPRWHUULWRULR\DGLVWLQWRVJUXSRV\IDFFLRQHVSROtWLFDVHQHOLQWHULRUGHXQGHWHUPLQDGRHVWDGR'LFKDVJXHUUDVVLJQLILFDURQHQJHQHUDOXQGXURJROSHDVXV
HFRQRPtDV$EVRUELHURQXQDJUDQSDUWHGHODPDQRGHREUDPDVFXOLQDTXHIXHUHFOXWDGDHQORVHMpUFLWRVSURYRFDURQLPSRUWDQWHVPRUWDQGDGHV\GHVDUWLFXODURQORV
PHUFDGRV1RVyORHOGHPDQRGHREUDVLQRWDPELpQHOGHFDSLWDOHVTXHHUDQDEVRUELGRVSRUORVJRELHUQRVSDUDILQDQFLDUODVJXHUUDV3HURDGHPiVGHSRQHUHQ
FULVLVDODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHUHTXHUtDQGHDEXQGDQWHPDQRGHREUD\FDSLWDOORVHMpUFLWRVHQFDPSDxDUHTXLVDEDQORVJDQDGRVTXHHUDQLGHDOHVSDUDDFRPSDxDUORV
\DOLPHQWDUORV'HHVWDPDQHUDODJXHUUDIXHXQHOHPHQWRIXHUWHPHQWHGLVUXSWLYRGHODDFWLYLGDGHFRQyPLFD\DTXpOODVUHJLRQHVTXHODVXIULHURQFRQPD\RU
LQWHQVLGDG\GXUDFLyQVXIULHURQXQSDUDWHRLQFOXVRXQUHWURFHVRHFRQyPLFRGHPDJQLWXG
(QWUHODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHPiVVXIULHURQHVWHIHQyPHQRVHHQFRQWUDEDODPLQHUtDGHPHWDOHVSUHFLRVRV/DIDOWDGHFDSLWDOHV\ODFDUHVWtDGHODPDQRGHREUDDVt
FRPRODSpUGLGDGHDOJXQRVEHQHILFLRVTXHRWRUJDEDOD&RURQDHVSDxRODSURYRFDURQHODEDQGRQRGHPXFKDVPLQDV\HQSUiFWLFDPHQWHWRGDOD$PpULFDKLVSDQDOD
SURGXFFLyQFD\yIXHUWHPHQWH\SRUYDULDVGpFDGDV(VWRDVXYH]JHQHUyVHULDVGLILFXOWDGHVHQPXFKDVRWUDVUHJLRQHVGHOLQWHULRUDPHULFDQRFX\DSURVSHULGDG
GHSHQGtDHQDOWDPHGLGDGHODSRVLELOLGDGGHYHQGHUORVELHQHVTXHSURGXFtDQFHUHDOHVFRFDFDUQHYLQR\DJXDUGLHQWH\HUEDPDWHWHMLGRVPXODVHWFDHVRV
ULFRVPHUFDGRVPLQHURVTXHKDEtDQGHMDGRGHVHUOR
$HVWRGHEHPRVVXPDUTXHODFULVLVGHORUGHQFRORQLDOIUDJPHQWyXQHVSDFLRFRQIRUPDGRSRUDOJXQRVSRFRVYLUUHLQDWRVHQORVTXHODVPHUFDQFtDVSURGXFLGDVSRU
HOORVSRGtDQFLUFXODUFRQFLHUWDIDFLOLGDG<VXUJLHURQQXPHURVRV(VWDGRVDYHFHVPX\SHTXHxRVTXHLPSRQtDQJUDYiPHQHVFRPHUFLDOHVSDUDWUDWDUGHREWHQHU
DOJXQDUHFDXGDFLyQILVFDOFRQODTXHVRVWHQHUHOHVIXHU]RJXHUUHURKDFLHQGRD~QPiVGLItFLOXQDFLUFXODFLyQPHUFDQWLOGHSRUVtDPLQRUDGDSRUODVLWXDFLyQTXH
DFDEDPRVGHGHVFULELU
<VLQHPEDUJRQRWRGRHUDQHJURSDUD$PpULFD/DWLQD
(QSULPHUOXJDUODVJXHUUDVQRDIHFWDURQGHODPLVPDPDQHUDDWRGRV,QFOXVLYHDOJXQRVVHEHQHILFLDURQGHVXGHVDUUROOR3DUDSRQHUXQSDUGHHMHPSORVH[WUHPRV
ODUHYROXFLyQQHJUDHQ6DLQW'RPLQJXHODPX\ULFD\PX\GHVLJXDOFRORQLDIUDQFHVDSHUPLWLyODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODSULPHUDUHS~EOLFDHQHOVXEFRQWLQHQWH+DLWt\OD
OLEHUWDGLQPHGLDWDGHVXHQRUPHSREODFLyQHVFODYD3HURHOFRVWRHQYLGDVKXPDQDV\HQVXHFRQRPtDIXHGHYDVWDGRU$ODLQYHUVDODLVODGH&XEDTXH
SHUPDQHFLyFRPRFRORQLDHVSDxRODKDVWDILQHVGHO;,;QRVyORQRWXYRJXHUUDVLQRTXHVHEHQHILFLyGHOIOXMRGHFDSLWDOHV\VDEHUHVTXHKXtDQGHWHUULWRULRVHQ
JXHUUDSHUPLWLHQGRVXFRQYHUVLyQHQSRFRWLHPSRHQODPD\RUSURGXFWRUDGHD]~FDUGHOPXQGRHQUHHPSOD]RGHODH[FRORQLDIUDQFHVD
3RURWUDSDUWHDLQLFLRVGHOVLJOR;,;VHHVWDEDSURGXFLHQGRXQIHQyPHQRTXHLEDDDOWHUDUODID]GHOPXQGRODµ5HYROXFLyQ,QGXVWULDO¶HQHOQRUWHGH(XURSD&RQ
HOODVHJHQHUDEDXQDRSRUWXQLGDGGHKDFHUQHJRFLRVWDPELpQHQDTXpOORVOXJDUHVTXHSXGLHUDQSURGXFLUODVPDWHULDVSULPDV\DOLPHQWRVTXH,QJODWHUUD\RWUDV
HFRQRPtDVLQGXVWULDOHVGHPDQGDEDQFDGDYH]PiVFX\RVSUHFLRVVXEtDQ\SHUPLWtDQFRPSUDUFDGDYH]PiVSURGXFWRVLQGXVWULDOHVFRQSUHFLRVHQEDMD(VWH
IHQyPHQRTXHKDEUtDGHIRPHQWDUGHVGHODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHOVLJOR;,;HOOODPDGRFUHFLPLHQWRDJURH[SRUWDGRUGHJUDQSDUWHGH$PpULFD/DWLQD\DHVWDEDHQ
DFFLyQDLQLFLRVGHOVLJOR;,;
3HURIXHURQSRFDVODVUHJLRQHVTXHHQWRQFHVSXGLHURQDSURYHFKDUOR3DUDKDFHUORVHUHTXHUtDSRUXQODGRXQDEXHQDGRWDFLyQGHIDFWRUHVSDUDSURGXFLUHVRVELHQHV
GHPDQGDGRVSRU(XURSDORTXHHQXQFRQWH[WRGHHVFDVH]GHFDSLWDOHV\PDQRGHREUDVLJQLILFDEDVREUHWRGRGLVSRQHUGHPXFKDWLHUUDEDUDWD3HURDGHPiV\
FDVLPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHFHVLWDEDGLVSRQHUGHHVRVIDFWRUHVPX\FHUFDGHDOJ~QSXHUWR/RVFRVWRVGHOWUDQVSRUWHWHUUHVWUHHQHVWDHWDSDSUHYLDDOIHUURFDUULO
KDFtDQFDVLLPSRVLEOHFRPSHWLUHQHOPHUFDGRDWOiQWLFRDORVWHUULWRULRVLQWHULRUHVGH$PpULFDFRQSURGXFWRVTXHDGHPiVDKRUDQRHUDQGHDOWRYDORU\SRFR
YROXPHQFRPRORVPHWDOHVSUHFLRVRVVLQRDOUHYpVGHDOWRYROXPHQ\SRFRYDORUXQLWDULR(QFDPELRHOIOHWHPDUtWLPRHUDPX\EDUDWR\HVWDEDPHMRUDQGR
UiSLGDPHQWHSRUHOGHVDUUROORGHODQDYHJDFLyQDYDSRU
'HHVWDPDQHUDSRGHPRVREVHUYDUHQ$PpULFD/DWLQDODH[LVWHQFLDGHSDWURQHVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRPX\GLYHUVRVRGLYHUJHQWHVHQHVWDHWDSD$OJXQDV
UHJLRQHVFRQRFHQVLWXDFLRQHVGHHVWDQFDPLHQWRRFULVLVEDVWDQWHDJXGDV\DTXtSRGHPRVLQFOXLUSRUHMHPSORDEXHQDSDUWHGHO3HU~%ROLYLD&RORPELDR0p[LFR
PLHQWUDVTXHRWUDVSXGLHURQWHQHUXQFUHFLPLHQWRPRGHUDGRFRPR%UDVLORLQFOXVREDVWDQWHUiSLGR\VLJQLILFDWLYRFRPR&XED&KLOH\SDUWHGHO5tRGHOD3ODWD
(QWRQFHVQRSRGHPRVKDEODUQLGHFULVLVJHQHUDOQLGHFUHFLPLHQWRVLQRGHGLYHUJHQFLDHQWUHSDtVHV\HQWUHUHJLRQHV
KWWSVKLVWRULDIXQGDFLRQPDSIUHRUJKLVWRULDHVEORJGRVVLHUIPFULVLVHQODVHFRQRPLDVSRVWFRORQLDOHVGHLEHURDPHULFDMVS
¢&ULVLVHQODVHFRQRPtDVSRVWFRORQLDOHVGH,EHURDPpULFD"'RVVLHU&ULVLV\GHSUHVLRQHVHFRQyPLFDVHQ$PpULFD/DWLQD\(VSDxD3R«
(QWRQFHVQRSRGHPRVKDEODUQLGHFULVLVJHQHUDOQLGHFUHFLPLHQWRVLQRGHGLYHUJHQFLDHQWUHSDtVHV\HQWUHUHJLRQHV
Deja tu comentario
Nombre: * Email:
1RPEUH (PDLO
* Comentario:
&RPHQWDULR
* Por favor, escriba los caracteres que
aparecen en la imagen de abajo
,QWURGX]FDHOWH[WR
ENVIAR
Comentarios
&RQVXOWHOD3ROtWLFDGHSULYDFLGDGGHOEORJ
/RVFRPHQWDULRVVRQUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHTXLHQHVORVHQYtDQ&RQHOILQGHJDUDQWL]DUODFDOLGDGGHORVGHEDWHVHO3RUWDOGH+LVWRULDGH)81'$&,Ï10$3)5(VHUHVHUYDHOGHUHFKRDUHFKD]DUR
HOLPLQDUODSXEOLFDFLyQGHFRPHQWDULRV
4XHFRQWHQJDQOODPDGRVDODYLROHQFLD 'LIDPDWRULRVLUUHVSHWXRVRVLQVXOWDQWHVXREVFHQRV
5HIHUHQWHVDODYLGDSULYDGDGHODVSHUVRQDV 'LVFULPLQDWRULRVKDFLDFXDOTXLHUFUHHQFLDUHOLJLRVDUD]DXRULHQWDFLyQVH[XDO
$MHQRVDOWHPDGHGLVFXVLyQ 4XHLPSOLTXHQXQLQWHQWRGHVXSODQWDFLyQGHLGHQWLGDG
4XHFRQWHQJDQPDWHULDOHVFULWRSRUWHUFHURVVLQHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRGHpVWRV 4XHFRQWHQJDQSXEOLFLGDG
KWWSVKLVWRULDIXQGDFLRQPDSIUHRUJKLVWRULDHVEORJGRVVLHUIPFULVLVHQODVHFRQRPLDVSRVWFRORQLDOHVGHLEHURDPHULFDMVS