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Carbon – 13 NMR
Professor S. SANKARARAMAN
Department of Chemistry
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai – 600 036
sanka@iitm.ac.in
13C-NMR spectroscopy
http://www.bruker-nmr.de/guide/eNMR/chem/C.html
Practical problem – poor sensitivity!
Signal
intenisty
The concept of time domain-frequency domain spectroscopy – FT method
Advantage of FT NMR technique
O
O
O
7 signals 1 signal 17 signals
3 signals 7 signals
2 signals
1H NMR spectrum does not give any signals for groups such
as internal acetylene, tetrasubstituted olefin, CN, CO and
quarternary carbons.
2,3
4 5
1
O
CH3CH2O CH2C N
Gated coupling: Decoupler is switched on only during the delay time
and it is off during the data acquisition.
NOE enhancement is retained and the Carbon-13 spectrum is
proton coupled
Off-resonance decoupling: Decoupling with the radio frequency
that is not exactly that of protons but few hundred hertz displaced.
Splitting only due to the protons directly attached to a carbon are seen.
CH3 – quartet, CH2 – triplet, CH – doublet, Quaternary C - singlet
Unlike proton NMR the signal intensities of Carbon-13 spectrum is
usually not quantitative.
1. The relaxation times of Carbon-13 nuclei are much longer than that of
protons.
Relaxation mechanisms:
NOE effect will be maximum for CH3, CH2, CH and none for
Quaternary carbon.
O
Chemical shift range in 13C-NMR spectrosocpy
3
CH3CH2 O O
2
1
O O CH2CH3
4 5
2,3
4 5
1
O
CH2CH3
O
1 O
4 2 CH2CH3
3 5 6
O
6
3
CDCl3 5
2
1
solvent Protio Per-deutero