Viral Exposure, toxin and alcohol Risk Factors:

1. Age
2. Sex
Transmission via: percutaneous, 3. Immune status
perinatal and sexual 4. Coinfection with other viruses
5. Environmental factors (e.g. alcohol,
workplace)
Incubation period: 30-180 days

Replication of the virus in hepatocytes;

interferes with liver function

HBV virions bind to the host cells

Host immune response

Hepatocyte damage and altered

cellular function

Kupffer cells increase size and no.

Nausea, Fever
Vomiting

Infection and Epigastric

inflammation of the liver pain

Body Malaise

Alteration in blood and lymph flow Anorexia

HBsAg + for >6 mos Decreased bilirubin metabolism

and or obstruction

Chronic persistent Chronic active Conjugated and unconjugated Decreased bile in GI tract and
hepaitis hepatitis Hyperbilirubinemia increased Urobilingen

Extrahepatic disease: Cirrhosis Jaundice or Clay colored Dark Urine

Hepatic cell carcinoma
Polyarteritis Icterus stools
nodosum,
Glomerulonephritis
Liver Transplant or Death