Engr.

Jovvin Quillope Hermogino RME

Faculty Member
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Mapua Institute of Technology
 Fluids
Fluids are a subset of the phases of
matter and include liquids, gases,
plasmas and, to some extent, plastic
solids.
Fluids in Motion
Steady or Unsteady Fluid Flow
 Steady Flow
In steady flow the velocity of the fluid
particles at any point is constant as time
passes.
 Unsteady Flow
Unsteady flow exists whenever the
velocity at a point in the fluid changes as
time passes.
Turbulent Flow
 Compressible or Incompressible Fluid Flow

Most liquids are nearly incompressible; that

is, the density of a liquid remains almost
constant as the pressure changes.

In contrast, gases are highly compressible

 Viscous or Nonviscous Fluid Flow
• A viscous fluid, such as oil does not flow
readily and is said to have a large
viscosity.

• The flow of a viscous fluid is an energy-

dissipating process.

• An incompressible, nonviscous fluid is

called an ideal fluid.
 Streamline Flow
When the flow is steady, streamlines are often used to represent the trajectories of
the fluid particles.

A streamline is a line drawn in the fluid such that a tangent to the streamline at any
point is parallel to the fluid velocity at that point
Fluid Properties
 Fluid Properties
1. Density
2. Viscosity
3. Temperature
4. Pressure
5. Specific Volume
6. Specific Weight
7. Specific Gravity
 Density
• Density is the mass per unit volume
of a fluid. In other words, it is the
ratio between mass (m) and volume
(V) of a fluid.
• In general, density of a fluid
decreases with increase in
temperature. It increases with
increase in pressure.
Viscosity
• Viscosity is the fluid property that • In a liquid, viscosity decreases with
determines the amount of resistance increase in temperature. In a gas,
of the fluid to shear stress. It is the viscosity increases with increase in
property of the fluid due to which the temperature.
fluid offers resistance to flow of one
layer of the fluid over another
adjacent layer.
 Temperature
• It is the property that determines the 3 Temperature Scales
degree of hotness or coldness or the
level of heat intensity of a fluid. 1. Celsius
2. Fahrenheit
3. Kelvin Scale

Kelvin scale is widely used in

engineering. This is because, this scale
is independent of properties of a
substance.
 Pressure

• Pressure of a fluid is the force per unit area of the fluid. In other words, it is the ratio
of force on a fluid to the area of the fluid held perpendicular to the direction of the
force.
 Specific Volume
• Specific volume is the volume of a fluid (V) occupied per unit mass (m). It is the
reciprocal of density.
 Specific Weight

• Specific weight is the weight possessed by unit volume of a fluid. It is denoted by

‘w’. Its unit is N/m3.
Specific Gravity

• Specific gravity is the ratio of specific weight of the given fluid to the specific weight
of standard fluid. It is denoted by the letter ‘SG’. It has no unit.
Equation of Continuity
Bernoulli’s Equation
 Seatwork
Discuss the process overview of the following:

1. Onshore Oil/Gas Production Facility

2. Offshore Oil/Gas Production Facility

Short Bond Paper

Engineering Lettering
Black Pen

Deadline: January 18, 2017 11:30 AM