Study Questions for Chapter 17

1.  Accessory ribs are most commonly found at­ (D) spondylolisthesis
tached to the (E) spina bifida occulta
(A) cervical vertebrae
(B) thoracic vertebrae 4.  During an ultrasound examination, numer­
(C) lumbar vertebrae ous fractures of the long bones of the fetus are
(D) manubrium observed. This condition is called
(E) sternebrae (A) achondroplasia
(B) osteogenesis imperfecta
2.  The anterior fontanelle is usually closed by (C) Marfan syndrome
(D) cretinism
(A) birth (E) acromegaly
(B) age 6 months
(C) age 18 months 5.  A female newborn presents with a square-
(D) age 2 years shaped skull with a short occipital–frontal
(E) age 5 years diameter. Premature closure of which of the
following sutures is the most likely cause of this
3.  The condition where the pedicles of the ver­ finding?
tebral arches fail to fuse with the vertebral body (A) Sphenofrontal
is called (B) Sphenoparietal
(A) block vertebrae (C) Lambdoidal
(B) cleft vertebrae (D) Sagittal
(C) hemivertebrae (E) Coronal

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 Answers and Explanations

1. C.  Accessory ribs are most commonly attached to lumbar vertebrae. When present (incidence
0.5%–1%), a cervical rib is usually attached to the seventh cervical vertebra. Cervical ribs
may compress the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels and cause superior thoracic outlet
syndrome.
2. D.  The anterior fontanelle is usually closed by 2 years of age; the posterior and sphenoid
­fontanelles are usually closed by the end of 6 months of age.
3. D.  When the pedicles fail to fuse with the vertebral body, a condition called spondylolisthesis
results. This allows the vertebral body to move anterior with respect to the vertebrae below it,
causing lordosis.
4. B.  Osteogenesis imperfecta is a deficiency of type I collagen and results in spontaneous
­fractures of fetal bones and blue sclera of the eye.
5. E.  Brachycephaly is the premature closure of the coronal sutures, which leads to a
­square-shaped skull with a short occipital–frontal diameter.

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