TEXTILE RAW MATERIAL

1. What is Textile?
Definition
Textile Products Range
2. What is Textile Fiber?
Definition
Types of Textile Fiber
Important Parameters of Textile Fiber
3. Classification of Textile Fibers
“The word textile is derived from Latin word
“textilis” meaning “to weave”
“Anything which is made from fibers (natural or man
made) either for clothing or aesthetic purposes is known
as textile.”

Definition of Textile by Oxford Dictionary:

“The Branch of Industry involved in the manufacturing of

cloth.”
Raw Material (Fibers)

Spinning Process (Yarn)

Woven Fabrics
Fabric Formation Knitted Fabrics
Non Woven Fabrics

Dyed
Textile Processing
Printed

Garments
End Products
Home Furnishing
Woven Fabric

Non-Woven Fabric

Knit Fabric
Woven Fabric:
Fabrics composed of two sets of yarns. One set of yarns, the warp, runs
along the length of the fabric. The other set of yarns, the fill or weft, is
perpendicular to the warp.
Knit Fabric:
Fabrics made from only one set of yarns, all running in the same
direction. Some knits have their yarns running along the length (Wales)
of the fabric, while others have their yarns running across the width
(Courses) of the fabric. Knit fabrics are held together by looping the
yarns around each other.
Nonwoven Fabric:
A textile structure held together by interlocking of fibers in a random web,
accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal means. Generally,
fibers that range in length from 0.75 to 4.5 inches are used.
Dyed fabric Printed fabric
 Textile raw material generally characterized by high
ratio of length to width, fineness and flexibility
For fiber to be called textile fiber, following things are
necessary:
I. Length must be several hundred times width
normally W:L 1:1000
II. Must be strong but extremely flexible
On basis of length , there are two main types of
fiber

Fibers

Staple Fibers Filament

Fibers
Staple Fibers:
Short fibers, typically ranging from 1/2 inch up to 18
inches long. Wool, cotton, and flax exist only as staple
fibers.
* Manufactured staple fibers are cut to a specific length
from the continuous filament fiber.
Filament Fibers:
A manufactured fiber of indefinite length (continuous),
extruded from the spinneret during the fiber production
process.
Spinneret:
A metal nozzle type device with very fine holes used in
the spinning process of manufactured fibers. The
spinning solution is forced or extruded through the small
holes to form continuous filament fibers. The holes in
the spinneret can vary in diameter to produce fibers of
various denier.
Fiber Length
Fiber Strength
Flexibility
Fineness
Crimp
 Animal Fibers

Natural Fibers Vegetable Fibers

Mineral Fibers

Textile
Fibers

Synthetic Fibers

Regenerated
Man-Made Fibers Fibers

Mineral Base
Fibers
Natural Fibers:
The natural fibers are those which are provided by nature in
ready made fibrous form.
Vegetable Fibers: Comprised of Cellulose

e.g. Cotton, Flax, Jute

Animal Fibers: Obtained from Animals

e.g. Wool, Silk

Mineral Fibers: Naturally occurring solid substance

e.g. Asbestos
 Asbestos

Mineral Fibers
 Man Made
fibers

Regenerated Synthetic Mineral based

fibers fibers fibers

a
Synthetic Fibers: Man has performed entire operation without
allowing nature to manufacture fiber forming substance
e.g. Polyamide, Polyester, Polyvinylidine Chloride
Regenerated Fibers: The fibers in which fiber forming substance
has been made by nature i.e. natural cellulose
e.g. Viscose Rayon and Lyocell
Mineral Based Fibers: Made from natural minerals
e.g. Glass fiber from sodium silicate