Educational Association ¨Britanico¨

Endangered Animals

English monograph

Student
Haro Vargas Rildo

Miss
Genesis Mary Solis
Level
Elementary 13

22 – 03 - 2019
 This work is dedicated to those

people that influence my life and

that help me achieve my goals.

 INDEX

PRESENTATION............................................................................................................…3

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. ............. ..............4

1. PERUVIAN ANIMALS
IN EXTINCTION………..........................................................................................5
1.1 THE FAUNA..................................................................................................................5
1.2. WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND BY
EXTINCTION? ...................................................................................................................6

1.3 WHEN IS A SPECIES IN DANGER EXTINCTION

CONSIDERED? .................................................................................................................6
1.4 CAUSES OF EXTINCTION..........................................................................................6

1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF LAST SPECIES IN EXTINCTION ..........................................6

1.6 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE PERUVIAN

FAUNA................................................................................................................................7
1.7 SPECIES AT DANGER OF
EXTINCTION ......................................................................................................................8
1.8 ACTIVITIES THAT THREATEN THE PERUVIAN
FAUNA ...............................................................................................................................12
1.9 THE 7 ENDEMIC ANIMALS AT DANGER OF EXTINCTION IN PERU .....................13

ANNEXES…………………………………………………………………………………………18

CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................18
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES .................................................................................19
 PRESENTATION

The present monograph has as objective fundamental to explain

the animals in danger of extinction, to know its details of disappearance; because we
humans have been responsible for doing enough hurt as to imminently endanger
many species of animals in all parts of the world, not to mention those that have already
become extinct product of the destruction of their habitat and the imbalance of food
chains caused by the interaction wrong.
 INTRODUCTION

Peru is a country privileged by the abundant diversity of resources that owns: of

the 103 life ecosystems of the world, Peru has 84, owns 18.5% of bird species, 9% of
animal species, 7.8% of plantscultivable, among others. It is important to note that the
use of biological diversity supports the main economic activities of the country, such as
the fishing, agricultural, livestock and forestry sector. In addition, we must consider that
there are activities industries, such as pharmaceuticals and tourism, which take
advantage of the resources of Flora and fauna
These activities have a very broad future development potential . However, there is no
proper management of resources to ensure their rational use, research and its
conservation. For example, in the case ofwildlife, the number of threatened or
endangered species has increased from 162 in 1990 to 222 in 1999; of them 12% are in
danger of extinction itself, 21% are in a vulnerable situation, 27% are in a rare situation
and 40 % are in an undetermined situation.
While it is true that in recent times many species of animals have disappeared for
different reasons, such as the overflowing growth of the human population, the
disproportion with which natural resources are used, and many others. Currently, they
are seriously affecting species and their habitats in Latin America, considered the
birthplace of several species and where Peru has not been the exception.

If you are a reader, find yourself in these lines, do not miss out on knowing 7 unique
animals, not only because they are endemic, but because you can spread their
preservation and very surely in your next visit to Peru, you will be lucky enough to find
them.
1. PERUVIAN ANIMALS IN EXTINCTION

To focus and try to understand the treatment of the subject, we will begin by making it
clear that it is fauna and that it is extinction so that we can carry out the study properly
from its conjugation .
1.1 THE FAUNA:

The set of animal species of Peru or one of its regions is called the fauna of Peru. Our
country has a very varied fauna, which includes thousands of species, many of them
endemic and little known.

The main groups of species are:

 Mammals (460 species),

 Birds (1,806 species), reptiles (297 species),

 Amphibians (332 species) and

 Fish (1,600 species)

Which in turn can be classified into:

o Domestic: Animals that are under the control of human beings. Among these are
some mammals (cattle, goats, sheep, horses, pigs, camelids, guinea pigs, rabbits,
dogs); birds (chicken, ducks, goose, turkey, pigeons, redfish); fishes; insects
(bees), etc. Domestic animals are descended from wild species.

o Wild: Animals that live in free form and that are not under the direct control of
humans. In both cases it can be aquatic or terrestrial. When it is aquatic it is
classified under the name of hydrobiological resources.

Animals depend on the environment, especially vegetation and other

animals. Herbivores feed on plants, and carnivores feed on other
animals. Wildlife is a renewable natural resource, because species are
regenerated by reproduction (eggs, hatchlings).

1.2. WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND BY EXTINCTION?

In biology and ecology, extinction is the disappearance of a species or group of

species. A species is extinguished from the moment the last individual of that species
dies. In species that reproduce sexually, extinction is generally inevitable when only one
individual of the species remains, or only individuals of the same sex. Extinction is a
relatively frequent phenomenon in the History of the Earth (in terms of geologic time).

1.3 WHEN TO BE CONSIDERED AS A SPECIES IN DANGER EXTINCTION?

An animal or plant species is considered to be in danger of extinction, when its existence

is compromised worldwide. This is generally due to the fulmination of a resource on
which each and every species depends. Today there are too many animals in danger of
extinction, and the speed at which they die is increasing more and more . At present,
approximately 11,167 endangered species are known, of which 124 are included in
the categories of "critical state".

1. 4 CAUSES OF EXTINCTION:

The extinction of animal species is due to the irresponsible exploitation of natural

resources by man. This means that the evolution of the animals does not end their
natural life cycle and as a result of this, the number of their population decreases or they
disappear and affect the ecosystem. Other causes include natural phenomena such as:
drought, fires, pests, diseases, etcetera.

1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF LASESPECIES IN EXTINCTION:

By degree of survival we can find:

 Extinct species: It is said that an animal species is extinct when the last existing
individual in the world has stopped living.

 Endangered species : When the species in question is reduced or lives in an

insignificant habitat that if not given special attention will disappear both the habitat
and the species.

 Rare species : These rare species are threatened by problems equal to those of
endangered species. When the quantity is reduced or they live in dangerous areas or
in such unusual environments that they could cease to exist in a very short time.

 Scarce species: They are the species that are still in quantity and trained to
guarantee their survival. However, the amount has been reduced significantly
compared to other times past and will continue to decline.

 Indeterminate species : This is the fifth category of endangered animal

species. Involves those who are theoretically in danger but there is no information to
be able to make a safe calculation about their situation, only an approximation.

1.6 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE PERUVIAN FAUNA:

It is important to consider the situation of wildlife in order to enable the making decisions
that result in its conservation and sustainable use. The The situation must be
approached from two points of view: the causes that they deteriorate the resource and
the endangered species.

A) The causes of the deterioration of the wildlife resource:

Wildlife suffers a gradual deterioration due to human activities, which cause the
decline in populations, habitat deterioration and extinction. Among the main problems
can be mentioned:

 Excessive hunting and fishing, which lead to the decline of populations. It has
been chinchilla extinct and reduced the populations of spectacled bear ,
taruca , vicuña and several others. The use of irrational fishing devices and
prohibited by law such as dynamite and toxic substances.

 Pollution (tailings, drains and discharges) of rivers, lakes and of the sea has
exterminated the aquatic fauna in wide areas.

 The felling and burning of vegetation is depleting many species by habitat

destruction. Destruction and Fragmentation of habitat

 The introduction of exotic species that eliminate native species For example,
the introduction of trout in Lake Titicaca is exterminating the native species of
fish and frogs.

 The lack of education of the population in general, which does not respect
the wild animals and "kill for the desire to kill."

 Overexploitation: Illegal hunting and trade in hides and skins wild

animals. Such is the case of skins (jaguar, trigrillo, river wolf, etc.) and hides
(boas and lizards). To prevent the extinction of some species of both fauna
and resources forestry the INRENA presents the following article: Article 22º.-
Protection of flora and fauna, of the inventory and valuation of biological
diversity. The State adopts special measures that guarantee the protection
of species of flora and fauna that according to the regulations for
their characteristics or situation of vulnerability require such treatment.

B) Endangered species:

The causes mentioned above have led to the extinction of species and have put to many
others in a situation, which can lead to extinction.

1.7 SPECIES AT DANGER OF EXTINCTION

The Institute of Natural Resources of Peru (INRENA), is the body in charge of proposing
policies, plans, programs, projects and regulations on wildlife in Peru.

The species in danger of extinction in our country are:

a) WILDLIFE SPECIES IN EXTINCTION ROUTES

b) WILDLIFE SPECIES IN VULNERABLE SITUATION

Those that by excess of hunting, by habitat destruction and by other factors, are
susceptible to move to the situation of endangered species.
c) WILDLIFE SPECIES IN RARE SITUATION

Species whose natural populations are very scarce, due to their endemic nature or other
reasons and which could become vulnerable.
1.8 ACTIVITIES THAT THREATEN THE PERUVIAN FAUNA

The main threats to wildlife conservation in Peru are those generated by human
activities, among them are:

- Destruction and fragmentation of the habitat.

- Overexploitation

- Poaching.

- Pollution.

1.9 THE 7 ENDEMIC ANIMALS IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION OF PERU

1. The White-winged Guan:

Bird native to Peru that was not seen for almost a century, until it was discovered in
1977. It is a slender bird that has a black plumage with green highlights on the back
and a long tail, with a bare throat, a blue-gray beak that at the tip it becomes more
black and its legs are pink, pulling orange. It inhabits in ravines of the dry forests of the
North Coast of Peru.

The White-winged Guan, is fighting a hard battle to recover its former territories and the
fact that it is reproducing in freedom, is a first great victory over its extinction.

2. The Yellow-tailed Choro Monkey:

This species is endemic to the Andes of Peru. It currently has less than 250 specimens
in the wild. It is the emblematic guest of the Rio Abiseo National Park, located in the
heart of the department of San Martín, north-east of Peru. Known as the yellow-tailed
"Choro" Monkey, it is a more Peruvian species than the condor itself, which flies in the
region .

Chivay de Arequipa.Its almost one meter high and the colorful tuft at the end of its 90
centimeters of tail, are characteristics that give it its name. They can not be observed,
except in our national territory, where it was discovered 200 years ago by the German
humanist Alexander Von Humboldt. Today, there is little information about the biology
and natural history of this Peruvian monkey, due to the difficulties imposed by the
mountainous terrain.

3. The Peruvian Cortarrama:

The Peruvian Cortarrama, was forgotten for more than a century and was only known
in a small forest near Chiclayo, department in northern Peru. As it is known, in the
northern part of the country, there are several oil centers and it is precisely thanks to
the prohibition of the entrance of the inhabitants to the fields of the oil companies, that
there is still the Peruvian Cortarrama and its dry forest habitat, still also it keeps.

This is because for many years, companies have not allowed people to enter
concessions, resulting in a preserved dry forest. Without knowing, the oil industry has
saved a species from extinction.

4. Titicaca frog:

This is a very special frog. For starters, it is not amphibious, it is strictly aquatic and
since it never comes out of the water, it does not need lungs. It does not have gills and
in fact, all its respiratory exchanges are made through the skin.

The frogs of Lake Titicaca, are large and can reach about 25 centimeters long, with
many folds in the skin along the abdomen, legs, stomach and neck. Its coloration can
be varied, from olive green with peach-colored belly, from gray to black, with spots on
the back. Some even totally black.

5. The Huapo Colorado:

The Huapo colorado inhabits only the Peruvian Amazon Plain, north of the Amazon
River. It is seriously threatened in all its extension by poaching, therefore, it is protected
by Peruvian legislation, but it is not protected in any conservation unit.

6. El Churrete Real:

Your situation is critical. It is a bird that lives in the Wet Queñuales near Machu Picchu,
Cuzco. It is suspected that there are less than one hundred specimens, for them it is
urgent, to protect the small forests of Queñuales by the local population and the
competent authorities.

7. The Wonderful Hummingbird:

This beautiful bird, lives in the Peruvian Amazon, in an area no larger than 2 thousand
square kilometers. The male has two long feathers and is a very rare animal. Their
situation is dangerous, because the forests are continuously destroyed for cattle and
the extraction of firewood. And as if that were not enough, the inhabitants of that place
hunt them down. For them, catching it is a real challenge because it flies very fast and
unfortunately, this species does not exist in any protected area
 ANNEXES

Pava aliblanca.

Mono choro de cola amarilla

Cortarrama amarilla
Rana del Titicaca

Huapo colorado

Churrete real
Colibrí maravilloso

Hunting:
 CONCLUSIONS
 Having finished this test, the subject of investigation we can say that we have
a clearer and more precise approach towards animals the man who by hunting,
logging or pollution they have significantly altered the possibility of life for many
animal species that try to survive in the midst of this drama of which we are all
guilty. For this reason we are also responsible for doing something for your protection.

 The threat that the country's biological diversity faces is a consequence, among
other causes, of the lack of implementation of the existing regulations . In this respect,
there is an official list, which does not reflect absolute the magnitude of the existing
problem, because it does not include the endemic It is necessary to improve
knowledge on the distribution of wildlife specials , particularly those endangered,
rare and endemic .

 Encouraging research on endangered, vulnerable, rare and endemic species is also

a high priority to make decisions for their conservation. The compliance is a no less
important action, for which shouldalert the population and impose sanctions on
violators. In general, the human being only complies with the law when he is subject
to sanctions in case of transgressing it .
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES:

VIRTUAL SOURCES:

 http://www.monografias.com/trabajos72/animales-peligro-extincion/animales-
peligro-extincion.shtml#ixzz2bdCYskvq
 http://abiunsa.edu.pe/los-7-animales-endemicos-en-peligro-de-extincion-del-
peru-martes/
 http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacajao_calvus
 http://www.slideshare.net/eliananosa/el-mono-huapo-colorado-y-la-vizcacha