TRANSVERSE MOTION USING

LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR

HARI PRASAD: RA1711011010019

HASAN DATTA: RA1711011010050
NARAYAN: RA1711011010142

FACULTY: MR. S DEVANAND

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 DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
MINOR PROJECT 1

EVEN SEMESTER 2018-2019

REPORT

SUBJECT CODE : 15AE375L

YEAR AND SEMSTER : II Year, IV SEM

PROJECT TITLE : TRANSVERSE MOTION USING LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR

SUPERVIOSR : MR. S DEVANAND

Reg. No
RA1711004010155
Mark split up

Novelty in the project work

(1 marks)

Level of understanding of the design formula(2 marks)

Contribution to the project

(1 Marks)

Report writing (1 Marks)

Total (5 Marks)

DATE: ( SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR)

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 INDEX

CHAPTER 1……………………………..ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER 2…………………………….LINEAR INDUCTION

MOTOR

CHAPTER 3…………………………….CONSTRUCTION

CHAPTER 4……………………………PRINCIPLES INVOLVED

CHAPTER 5…..........................FORCES ACTING ON THE

LIM

CHAPTER 6…………………………..OUR PROJECT

CHAPTER 7…………………………..USES
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CHAPTER 8…………………………..REFERENCES

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 CHAPTER 1: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely thankful to Mr. S Devanand Sir for

correctly guiding us through our work. We are also
thankful to the other faculty members of the Automobile
Department of SRM Institute of Science and Technology
for imparting their valuable inputs that helped us along
the way.

__________________________________

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 CHAPTER 2: LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR

OBJECTIVE:

This project deals with the transverse motion that can be achieved
using a linear induction motor.

ABSTRACT:

A linear induction motor (LIM) is an alternating current (AC),

asynchronous linear motor that works by the same general
principles as other induction motors but is typically designed to
directly produce motion in a straight line. Characteristically, linear
induction motors have a finite primary or secondary length, which
generates end-effects, whereas a conventional induction motor is
arranged in an endless loop.[1]

Despite their name, not all linear induction motors produce linear
motion; some linear induction motors are employed for
generating rotations of large diameters where the use of a
continuous primary would be very expensive.

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As with rotary motors, linear motors frequently run on a three-
phase power supply and can support very high speeds. However,
there are end-effects that reduce the motor's force, and it is often
not possible to fit a gearbox to trade off force and speed. Linear
induction motors are thus frequently less energy efficient than
normal rotary motors for any given required force output.

LIMs, unlike their rotary counterparts, can give a levitation effect.

They are therefore often used where contactless force is
required, where low maintenance is desirable, or where the duty
cycle is low. Their practical uses include magnetic levitation,
linear propulsion, and linear actuators. They have also been used
for pumping liquid metals.[2]

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 CHAPTER 3: CONSTRUCTION OF A LINEAR
INDUCTION MOTOR
A linear electric motor's primary typically consists of a flat
magnetic core (generally laminated) with transverse slots that are
often straight cut with coils laid into the slots, with each phase
giving an alternating polarity so that the different phases
physically overlap.

The secondary is frequently a sheet of aluminium, often with an

iron backing plate. Some LIMs are double sided with one primary
on each side of the secondary, and, in this case, no iron backing
is needed.

Two types of linear motor exist: a short primary, where the coils
are truncated shorter than the secondary, and a short secondary,
where the conductive plate is smaller. Short secondary LIMs are
often wound as parallel connections between coils of the same
phase, whereas short primaries are usually wound in series.

The primaries of transverse flux LIMs have a series of twin poles

lying transversely side-by-side with opposite winding directions.
These poles are typically made either with a suitably cut
laminated backing plate or a series of transverse U-cores.

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BASIC DIAGRAM:

A typical 3 phase linear induction motor. The "primary" core

(grey) has grooves, and the windings are laid into them on top of
each other. Aluminum plate above (not shown) serves as
"secondary" and will move relative to the primary if a 3 phase AC.

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CHAPTER 4: PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THE
PROJECT

In this electric motor design, the force is produced by a linearly

moving magnetic field acting on conductors in the field. Any
conductor, be it a loop, a coil, or simply a piece of plate metal,
that is placed in this field will have eddy currents induced in it
thus creating an opposing magnetic field in accordance
with Lenz's law. The two opposing fields will repel each other,
creating motion as the magnetic field sweeps through the metal.
ns = 2fs/p
Where fs is supply frequency in Hz, p is the number of poles,
and ns is the synchronous speed of the magnetic field in
revolutions per second.
The travelling field pattern has a velocity of:
vs = 2tfs
Where vs is velocity of the linear travelling field in m/s,
and t is the pole pitch.
For a slip of s, the speed of the secondary in a linear motor
is given by
Vr = (1-s)vs

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 CHAPTER 5: FORCES ACTING IN THE
OPERATION OF THE MOTOR:

1) Thrust:

The drive generated by linear induction motors is somewhat

similar to conventional induction motors; the drive forces show a
roughly similar characteristic shape relative to slip, albeit
modulated by end effects.

Equations exist for calculating the thrust of a motor.

2) End effect:

Unlike a circular induction motor, a linear induction motor shows

'end effects'. These end effects include losses in performance
and efficiency that are believed to be caused by magnetic energy
being carried away and lost at the end of the primary by the
relative movement of the primary and secondary.

With a short secondary, the behaviour is almost identical to a

rotary machine, provided it is at least two poles long but with a
short primary reduction in thrust that occurs at low slip (below
about 0.3) until it is eight poles or longer.
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However, because of end effects, linear motors cannot 'run light' -
- normal induction motors are able to run the motor with a near
synchronous field under low load conditions. In contrast, end
effects create much more significant losses with linear motors.

3) Levitation:

In addition, unlike a rotary motor, an electrodynamic

levitation force is shown, this is zero at zero slip, and gives a
roughly constant amount of force/gap as slip increases in either
direction. This occurs in single sided motors, and levitation will
not usually occur when an iron backing plate is used on the
secondary, since this causes an attraction that overwhelms the
lifting force.

__________________________________________

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CHAPTER 6: OUR PROJECT

(A)

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(B)

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PARTS OF THE PROJECT:

1) COIL:
The induced electric current interacts with the magnetic flux
to produce a linear force. The speed of the motor can be
varied by changing the input frequency using an adjustable
frequency drive. The primary consists of a three-
phase coil assembly, equivalent to the stator of a
rotary motor.

2) REACTION PLATE:
The induced electric current interacts with the magnetic flux
to produce a linear force. The speed of the motor can be
varied by changing the input frequency using an adjustable
frequency drive. ... The secondary, known as a rotor in a
traditional rotary induction motor, is a reaction plate.

3) STATOR CORE:

Now the rotor moves past the stator as it turns.Linear

motors are electric induction motors that produce motion in a
straight line rather than rotational motion. ... Linear

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motors often use superconducting magnets, which are cooled
to low temperatures to reduce power consumption.

4) WIRES:
The wires conduct the electricity around the apparatus.

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 CHAPTER 7: USES OF THE INDUCTION
MOTOR

Because of these properties, linear motors are often used

in maglev propulsion, as in the Japanese Linimo magnetic
levitation train line near Nagoya.

The Birmingham International Maglev shuttle

The world's first commercial automated maglev system was

a low-speed maglev shuttle that ran from the airport terminal
of Birmingham International Airport to the nearby Birmingham
International railway station between 1984–1995. The length of
the track was 600 metres (2,000 ft), and trains "flew" at an
altitude of 15 millimetres (0.59 in), levitated by electromagnets,
and propelled with linear induction motors. It was in operation for
nearly eleven years, but obsolescence problems with the
electronic systems made it unreliable in its later years. One of the
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original cars is now on display at Railworld in Peterborough,
together with the RTV31 hover train vehicle.

However, linear motors have been used independently of

magnetic levitation, such as Tokyo's Toei Ōedo
Line. Bombardier's Innovia Metro is an example of an automated
system that utilizes LIM propulsion; the longest rapid
transit system employing such technology
is Vancouver's SkyTrain, with approximately 60 km (37 mi) of
track compatible with Innovia Metro trains. They’re also used
by Tomorrow land at Tomorrow land in Walt Disney World
Resort, Florida.

Linear induction motor technology is also used in some launched

roller coasters. At present it is still impractical on street
running trams, although this, in theory, could be done by burying
it in a slotted conduit.

AirTrain JFK trains propel themselves using an aluminium

induction strip placed between the rails.

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Outside of public transportation, vertical linear motors have been
proposed as lifting mechanisms in deep mines, and the use of
linear motors is growing in motion control applications. They are
also often used on sliding doors, such as those of low
floor trams such as the Citadis and the Eurotram.

Dual axis linear motors also exist. These specialized devices

have been used to provide direct X-Y motion for precision laser
cutting of cloth and sheet metal, automated drafting, and cable
forming. Also, linear induction motors with a cylindrical secondary
have been used to provide simultaneous linear and rotating
motion for mounting electronic devices on printed circuit boards.

Most linear motors in use are LIM (linear induction motors) or

LSM (linear synchronous motors). Linear DC motors are not used
as it includes more cost and linear SRM suffers from poor thrust.
So for long run in traction LIM is mostly preferred and for short
run LSM is mostly preferred.

Linear induction motors have also been used for launching

aircraft, the Westinghouse Electropult system in 1945 was an
early example and the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch
System (EMALS) was due to be delivered in 2010.

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Linear induction motors are also used in looms, magnetic
levitation enable bobbins to float between the fibers without direct
contact.

The first ropeless elevator invented by ThyssenKrupp uses a

linear induction drive power.

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 CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES

 Linear Induction Motor and Single Linear Induction Motorby Nahid

Ahmadinia
 Design of Single Sided Linear Induction Motor for Magnetic
Levitation Railway Transportation byDepartment of Electrical
Power Engineering, Myanmar
 Simplified Calculation of Linear Induction Drive Characteristics by
Z.savichiene
 Journal of Modern Transportation by Jiaquig Ma
 Design of SLIM using Interactive Computer Program by SP
Bhamidi
 The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in
Electronic Engineering by Nowak L.
 Optimum Design for SLIM for Improved Motor Performance by
Amir Zare Bazghaleh

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