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CHEMICAL
HEALTH HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AT WORKPLACE
Phase 1 – Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA)
PREPARED FOR:
PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI WEST MADURA OFFSHORE
(PHE WMO)
LOCATIONS SERVICED:
PHE TOWER
Jl. Letjen TB Simatupang Kav. 99 (Kebagusan I), Pasar Minggu
Jakarta 12520 - Indonesia
PHEWMO
KS JAVASTAR; TC-6, KE-5, PPP, FSO Abherka
ORF Gresik & PHE-WMO Lamongan Onshore
PREPARED BY:
Irwan Risnandar,ST, HIMU – Industrial Hygienist
DATE OF SERVICE:
Oct 01st – Nov 30th, 2014
Page |2
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PT. Mitra Usaha Katiga (MUK3) has been appointed to carry out an Chemical Health Risk Assessment
- Phase 1 for PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI WEST MADURA OFFSHORE (PHEWMO) premises where
employees and contractor have activities on the location where chemical being use and stored, as
service order no. 9420005421.
Many substances that are used regularly at work will contain chemicals, which if not handled
correctly can cause harm. These substances can be solids or liquids and include paints, varnishes,
glues, printing inks, cleaning fluids, fuels, feed additives and pesticides.
Protecting employees from the adverse effects of chemical is one of the Occupational Health, Safety
and Environmental Management System (HSE-MS) primary goals. To perform this, an assessment of
all chemicals used in the workplace must be carried out in order to identify, evaluate and control any
health risk associated with work activities involving the use of chemicals.
This study as part of the Chemical Health Risk Analysis / Assessment (C-HRA), therefore this
assessment was conducted as phase-1 of the C-HRA to aim identify the hazard poses by each
chemical substances used, stored, handled or transported within the place of work, and to evaluate
the degree of exposure and chemical hazard to the employee and also recommend further
appropriate control measures to prevent or reduce risks.
1. INTRODUCTION
Chemicals are used extensively in industry. Many useful products are derived from
chemical, for examples are paints, solvent, and pesticides.
Basically, chemicals may pose one or more of the following hazards: toxic, flammable,
explosive, reactive and radioactive.
Protecting employees from the adverse effects of chemical is one of the Occupational
Health, Safety and Environmental Management System (HSE-MS) primary goals. To
perform this, an assessment of all chemicals used in the workplace must be carried out
in order to identify, evaluate and control any health risk associated with work activities
involving the use of chemicals.
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
• EU – Risk Phrases
• EU – H Statement
• ACGIH 2014, TLV’s & BEI’s for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. ACGIH,
ISBN: 978-1-607260-72-1.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/toolkit/icct
/index.htm.
3.1. Purpose
Step-1. Identify all chemical stored and used, the work and work practices
• Gather information and established list of chemicals used or released in the
workplace (chemical register/invetory).
• In the evaluation the exposure to a particular chemical, the worker or person
exposed to the risk had been identified. Workers should be assigned work
units for evaluation based on similar risks.
• Work unit identification; identify and observe the tasks carried out by
workers in a certain work area, where workers are exposed to chemical
hazardous to health and should be assigned work units for evaluation based
on similar risks.
3.3.1. Identify all chemical stored and used on PHE-WMO premises by reviewing
primary & secondary data, and also field survey, that include:
• ORF – Gresik
• Lamongan warehouse
• KS – Javastar (Rig)
• Teras Conquest – 6 (TC-6)
• PHE-5
• PPP (Poleng Production Platform)
• FSO - Abherka
4.1.1. Hazard
Chemical health hazard is the potential of a chemical to cause harm or adversely
affect health of people in the workplace. Adverse heath effect ranges from fatality,
permanent and serious health impairment to mild skin irritation at the other end.
4.1.2. Exposure
A worker is exposed to a chemical if there is a possibility of the chemical being
breathed in; getting it on the eye or skin or absorbed through the skin; or being
swallowed. A chemical may exert its effect either at the site of contact; or at a site
away from the initial point of contact and takes place after it has entered the bosy
through the various routes of entry. Exposure through inhalation is most common,
especially for airborne chemicals such as gases, vapours and particulate. Skin
absorption is common for lipid soluble chemical especially in the form of liquid or
mist. Ingestion is not common as inhalation or skin absorption, but nevertheless
through poor personal hygiene and work practices it could be an important route of
exposure. Injection through the skin can also occur, for example when syringes are
used.
4.1.3. Risk
Risk is the likelihood that a substance will cause adverse health effects or illness in
the conditions of its use. The risk to health usually increases with the severity of the
hazard, the amount used, and the duration and frequency of exposure.
Risk has also been defined as the probability of over exposure and the consequences
of that exposure. This is so because a potentially toxic chemical may cause death or
serious health effects if the exposure is substantial. Therefore the risk equation can
also be defined as :
The hazard component will take into consideration the nature of hazard and the
potential adverse health effects from the possible routes of entry or contact.
Before any risk conclusion is made one has to take into account the work practices
and personal factors including individual susceptibility.
Similar task means that the workers are having similar potential for exposure.
Exposed to the same chemical hazardous to health means that the workers are
potentially exposed to the same hazard. Even though the workers are exposed to the
same chemical hazardous to health the risk may not be the same as other factors
may affect the severity of the health effects, such as susceptibility. Therefore the risk
to health could only be said to be similar.
Therefore to fulfill the purpose and objective, a C-HRA is divided into 2 (two) phase
of work, where :
5.1. Chemical used or released in the workplace, include work area and process
involving a chemical.
Based on primary & secondary data review process include site visit to a few location, where
chemical is stored and use, can be divided based on their usage purpose and/or process, as
follows table:
Detail of chemical inventory and/or register for each usage/purpose as attached in Appendix
A.
5.3. Existing chemical control & handling; incident record related to chemical
a). Existing chemical control
Based on site visit review by desktop studies and walkthrough to the location of
assessment, an existing control to chemical usage & handling has been applied, such as :
However need further assessment to have more detail on process involving chemical to
determine and ensure that adequate appropriate control and handling is applied.
The following information derived from MSDS and the work-related information:
1. The hazard symbols and R-phrases of the chemical substance (MSDS label).
2. The boiling point or boiling range of the chemical substance.
3. The dustiness of the chemical substance
(in the case of solids, an approximate assessment should be made by visiting the
workplace).
• If the chemical substance is in the for of pellets, a wax or granules or if the
activity produces only very little dust, dustiness is low.
• If the chemical substance is in the form of a coarse powder or if the activity
produces dust which settles again quickly and dust is present on the
surrounding surface, dustiness is medium, examples include washing powder
or sugar.
• If the chemical substance is in the form of a fine powder or if the activity
produces clouds of dust which remain in the air for up to several minutes,
dustiness is high; examples include flour, toner, cement.
Note:
• The total quantity of hazardous substance present does not always
determine the quantity group.
• If liquid chemical substances are used on large surface areas (for example
when painting or cleaning) no more than 1 litre of the substance per full
working day should be used in order to qualify for the quantity group ‘Low’.
As regards the active quantity, a distinction is drawn between small-scale and large-
sclae contact with skin. The possibility of indirect contact owing to contaminated
work clothes and equipment must be also considered.
Active quantity
Small Small-scale contact (splashes)
Large Large-scale contact (hands and lower arms)
Table 4. Chemical active quantity scale
The duration of effective contact begins with the contamination and ends only when
it has been removed effectively. If there is repeated contact with skin, the periods of
contact with each chemical substance throughout the day must be added.
When determinining the active quantity and duration, protective gloves or other
personal protective equipment already being used is not taking into the
consideration.
OEL R-phrases,
HG
Solid (mg/m3) Liquids (ppm) in case there is no OEL
No R-phrase, R36, R37, R65, R67 and all
1 < OEL ≤ 10 50 < OEL ≤ 500 dusts and vapours not allocated to 1
another band
R20, R20/21, R22, R20/22, R41, R68/20,
0.1 < OEL ≤ 1 5 < OEL ≤ 50
R68/22
2
R23, R23/24, R25, R29, R31, R34, R35,
0.01 < OEL ≤ 0.1 0.5 < OEL ≤ 5 R39/23, R39/25, R40, R42, R48/20, 3
R48/22, R62, R63, R68
R26, R28, R32, R39/26, R39/28, R48/23,
0.001 < OEL ≤ 0.01 0.05 < OEL ≤ 0.5
R48/25, R61
4
OEL ≤ 0.001 OEL ≤ 0.05 R45, R46, R49, R60 5
Table 6. Chemical Hazard Group (HG) Inhalation
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations,
see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The
ILO Safe work Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are
based both on COSHH essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/c
trl_banding/toolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous
substances (Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept
Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-
Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
Using the table, note the hazard group(s) corresponding to each R phrase and / or to
the level of OEL (Occupational Exposure Limits), for every chemical substance, note
the highest hazard group and if relevant R-phrases exist, the highest skin hazard
group.
Need to point out, that the incorrect classification of a chemical substance hazard or
the failure to classify a hazardou substance may lead to inadequate or excessive
protection measures. In case of doubt, contact the manufacturer or distributor of
the chemical substance. If the data available are insufficient, than we should err on
the safe side and choose at least the hazard groups (3) – Medium.
In the case of liquid substance used at room temperature the release category
depends on the boiling point of the chemical substance. If a boiling range is
specified, choose the lowest value.
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see
details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO
Safe work Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both
on COSHH essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_
banding/toolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous
substances (Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe),
see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-
Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see
details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO
Safe work Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both
on COSHH essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_
banding/toolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous
substances (Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe),
see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-
Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
As control hierarchy then a control strategy level for inhalation is, as follows:
Level 1 : General ventilation
Level 2 : Engineering control (needed)
Level 3 : Containment
Level 4 : Require special expert advise to determine the control strategy.
R-phrases HG
R66 1
R38 2
R21, R43, R48/21, R68/R21 3
R24, R34, R40, R39/24, R48/24, R62, R63, R68 4
R24 and R34, R27, R35, R39/27, R45, R46, R60,
R61
5
When determining the effective area of skin contact, do not take protective gloves
or other personal protective equipment into account.
If it is possible that the skin might come into contact with the chemical substances
during an activity, the active quantity and the duration of effective contact must be
determined, except when the possibility of contact with skin can be excluded, as in
that case there is no need for additional measures to protect againts contact with
skin.
As regards the active quantity, a distinction is drawn between small-scale and large-
sclae contact with skin. The possibility of indirect contact owing to contaminated
work clothes and equipment must be also considered.
Active quantity
Small Small-scale contact (spot, splashes)
Large Large-scale contact (hands and lower arms)
The duration of effective contact begins with the contamination and ends only when
it has been removed effectively. If there is repeated contact with skin, the periods of
contact with each chemical substance throughout the day must be added.
1.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work
Chemical Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both on COSHH
essentials.
2.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/t
oolkit/icct/index.htm
3.
Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances
(Einfaches Massnahmen Konzept Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-
Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
The measures againts skin contact as additional measures are described as low,
extended or high.
For further detail on process flow to determine the degree of hazard, can be seen on
next section, section 6. CHRA process overview.
Drilling
a. Silica, cystalline
b. Asphalt
c. Dust (inhalable & respirable dust)
Well service
a. Ethylene glycol
b. Formamide
c. Propanol
7.2. RECOMMENDATION
DEFINITION
Hazard and Risk A Hazard is defined as the potential for chemical, physical,
biological, ergonomic or psychosocial agents to cause
adverse effects.
Chemical Health Risk a careful examination of what could cause adverse health
Assessment (CHRA) effects to people in the workplace from a chemical agent,
including a judgment whether enough precautions have been
taken or whether more needs to be done to prevent harm.
REFERENCE
• ACGIH 2014, TLV’s & BEI’s for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. ACGIH, ISBN:
978-1-607260-72-1.
• Control of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulations, see details at:
http;//www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/essentials/index.htm. The ILO Safe work Chemical
Control Toolkit and EMKG are based both on COSHH essentials.
http;//www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/toolkit/icct/index.
htm.
• Easy to use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances (Einfaches Massnahmen
Konzept Gefahrenstoffe), see details at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-Z/Gefahrstoffe/EMKG/EMKG.html
EU Risk Phrases
Risk-phrases (also known as R-phrases) are defined in Annex II of EU Directive 67/548/EEC as
amended by EU Directive 2001/59/EC which is concerned with identifying special risks attributed to
dangerous substances and preparations. Whilst these phrases were developed for Europe they are
used and recognised in many countries throughout the world.
R-phrases (continuation)