Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FECES Turnips, broccoli, cauliflower, fish in general, meat in general, bananas, apples,sardines,
Normal 24 hour stool is 100-200g aspirin/aspilet (promotes GIT bleeding) can cause FALSE POSITIVE
Bacteria constitute ONE-THIRDS of total dry weight
Approximately 150mL of fluid is excreted in the feces APT TEST:
Used to differentiate fetal and maternal blood in an infant’s stool (or vomitus)
A. CONSISTENCY VARIATIONS Reagent: 1% sodium hydroxide added to haemoglobin-containing emulsion
RICE WATER STOOL=Cholera PRINCIPLE:
MUCUS AND RBC in STOOL=dysentery, colitis, malignancies, constipation HbF is resistant to alkali solutions
PEA-SOUP STOOL= Typhoid Fever ADULT haemoglobin= not resistant to alkali solution
Butter or grease-like= increased production of thick mucus in patients with cystic fibrosis RESULTS:
Scybalous or “goat dropping”= constipation Solution remains PINK= HbF is present
Flattened or ribbon-like= spastic colitis, cancer, ulcer, tumor Solution turned yellow-brown= HbA is present
Bulky or frothy= bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders, abundant fats CONTRAINDICATIONS: Mothers with Thalassemia major (due to high concentration of fetal
B. COLOR haemoglobin)
RED STOOL= lower GIT bleeding, beets and food coloring NOTE: Do not use black or tarry stool since haemoglobin in this stool is already denatured
BLACK STOOL= upper GIT bleeding, iron ingestion, bismuth (antacids), charcoal
GREEN STOOL= presence of biliverdin, oral antibiotics or green vegetable intake DIARRHEA
PALE YELLOW, CLAY, GRAY=bile duct obstruction or ingestion of barium sulphate Characterized by any of the following:
a. Increased in daily stool weight
OCCULT BLOOD TESTING: b. Increased liquidity
“hidden blood”; screening test for COLORECTAL CANCER c. Increased frequency (more than 3x a day)
Intestinal bleeding in excess of 2.5 mL per 150g of stool is considered pathologic Causes of diarrhea:
PRINCIPLE: pseudoperoxidase activity of haemoglobin A. SECRETORY
Positive result: BLUE Increased solute secretion by the intestine
Patient must be on meat-free diet for at least three days Causes: toxin-producing organism (eg. Salmonella, Shigella)
Benzidine and O-toluidine=produce blue color if positive; MOST SENSITIVE B. OSMOTIC
GUAIAC-least sensitive but the most preferred Increased amount of osmotically active solutes remain in the lumen; ingestion of an
Other test: ORTHODIANISIDINE osmotically active solute
Causes: Giardia lamdlia, Strongyloides stercoralis, increased carbohydrates in stool,
Vitamin C may cause FALSE NEGATIVE results
maldigestion
C. INTESTINAL HYPERMOTILITY
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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY NOTES © Ma’am Judea //zjpc
QUALITATIVE:
Microscopic examination of direct smear stained with Sudan III
-For: NEURAL FATS or TRIGLYCERIDE
Microscopic examination of smear heated with acetic acid and Sudan III
-For: SOAPS and FATTY ACIDS
QUANTITATIVE:
Specimen: 3-day stool sample
Method: VAN DE KAMER TITRATION or GRAVIMETRIC METHODS