Professional Documents
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Tension Member
Team Teaching
Structural Design
Civil Engineering Department
2018/2019
Tension Members
Gusset plate
b Section b-b
b
7/8 in. diameter hole Area of b – b =
(8 – 2 x 7/8 ) x ½ = 3.12 in2
a a
Section a-a
8 x ½ in. bar
Area of a – a = 8 x ½ = 4 in2
(a) Elas
Elastic tic Stress
stress (b) Yieldstress
Yield stress:
Nominal strength
Reach Nominal Strength
Steel Stress – Strain Curve
(2) Fracture of the net section can occur if the stress at the net
section (section b-b) reaches the ultimate stress Fu.
BJ 34 340 210 22
BJ 37 370 240 20
BJ 41 410 250 18
BJ 50 500 290 16
BJ 55 550 410 13
A36 58 36
A242 63 - 70 42 - 50
A572 65 50
A992 65 50
Designed Nominal Capacity fPn
1
Nu u Nu
2 u
3
s
Section 1 – 3 : Ant Ag ndt
2
st
Section 1-2-3 : Ant Ag ndt
4u
Example
• Ag = 5 x ½ = 2.5 in2
• An = (5-2 x ¾) x ½ = 1.75 in2
An of Staggered Bolts Holes
The connecting bolts can be staggered for several reasons:
(1) To get more capacity by increasing the effective net area
(2) To achieve a smaller connection length
(3) To fit the geometry of the tension connection itself
2
st
Ant Ag ndt
4u
An = wn x t
wn = wg – d + s2 / 4g
• wn = net width
• wg = gross width
• d = sum of the hole diameters
5 in.
5 in.
d
3 in. f
h e
Line : a-b-d-e
wn = 16.0 – 2 (1.125) = 13.75 in.
Line : a-b-c-d-e
wn = 16.0 – 3 (1.125) + 2 x 32/ (4 x 5)
= 13.52 in.
Line : a-b-c-f-h
wn = 16.0 – 3 (1.125) + 2 x 32/ (4 x 5)
= 13.52 in.
a-b-c-d-e is the smallest net width thus:
An = t wn = 0.75 (13.52) = 10.14 in2
Staggered bolts in angles
• If staggered lines of bolts are present in both legs of an
angle, then the net area is found by first unfolding the
angle to obtain an equivalent plate
• Gage line crossing the heel of the angle should be
reduced by an amount equal to the angle thickness
• g = 2 + 3 – t = 5 – ½ =4.5 inch
• If the thickness of flange and web is different (tf ≠ tw)
g = g + g2 - tw or
Determine design strength of this tension member (using A36 and bolt with
7/8”in diameter)
Line abcdeg :
Determine the smallest net area (bolt diameters ¾” tw =0.550” and
tf = 0.622”)
Effective Net Area (Ae)
29
Examples of Shear Lag
W 8 x 24
31
Recommended
U value
for bolt
connections
SNI Baja
2015
Effective Net Area
For welded connections: Ae = U Ag
x = 1.68 inch
L = 5.5 inch
1. Determine Nominal Strength of L 4 x 4 x 3/8 in made from A36 steel (fy
= 36 ksi, Fu=58 ksi) connected to gusset plate with 5/8 in bolts as shown in
figure, where bolt spacing is 3 inch (centre to centre) Ag = 2.86 in2
a x
L 4 x 4 x 3/ 8
d b = 5/8 in.
L 4 x 4 x 3/ 8
Section a-a
a
Gusset plate
• Effective Net Area Ae
x = jarak titik berat ke pelat sambung,
dari tabel profil x = 1.13 in.
L = panjang sambungan = 2 x 3.0 in. = 6.0 in.
U = 1- x/L = 1- 1.13/6 = 0.8116 in.
• Ae = 0.8116 x 2.579 in2 = 2.093 in2
TT
Shear failure
(b)
(b)
Tension failure
TT
Shear
Shearfailure
failure
(c)
(c)
Shear failure
Failure mode
Tension failure
(a) Shear yield and tension fracture: if Fu Ant > 0.6 Fu Anv
L 4 x 4ax 3/ 8
2 .0 d b = 5/8 in. L 4 x 4 x 3/ 8
.0 3 .0
1 .5 3
a
Gusset plate
L 4 x 4 x 3/ 8
2 .0 d b = 5/8 in.
Assuming block shear failure : .0 3 .0
1 .5 3
a
Gusset plate
Agt = gross tension area = 2.0 x 3/8 = 0.75 in2
Ant = net tension area = 0.75–0.5 x (5/8+1/8)x3/8
= 0.609 in2
L 4 x 4area
Agv = gross shear x 3/ 8 = (3.0 + 3.0 +1.5) x 3/8
2 .0 d b = 5/8 in. = 2.813 in2
3 .0 3 .0 Anv = net shear area = 2.813–2.5 x (5/8 + 1/8) x 3/8
1 .5
a = 2.109 in2
0.6 Fu Anv = 0.6 x 58 x 2.109 = 73.393 kips
Gusset plate
0.6 Fy Agv = 0.6 x 36 x 2.813 = 60.76 kips
Fu Ant = 58 x 0.609 = 35.32 kips
3 @ 3” = 9” T
center-to-center
Yielding Strength :
C15 x 50
fPn 0.9 * 50 *14.7 662 kips
1.5” 3” 3”
Fracture Strength:
7
An Ag nd e t 14.7 4 0.716 12.19in 2
8
x 0.798
Ae UAn 1 An 1 *12.19 10.57in
2
L 6
fPn 0.75 * 65 *10.57 515kips
Block Shear area
7 7
Anv 2 * 7.5 2.5 * * 0.716 7.61 Ant 9 3 * 0.716 4.5645
8 8
0.6Fu Anv 0.6 * 65 * 7.61 296.6925
where :
r = minimum radius of gyration of the cross section
L = length of the member.