Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Summary
2. Aims and objective
3. Literature review
4. Introduction
5. Facts
Area
Old cultivation
Climate
Water consumption
6. Data comparison
7. Techniques implement for imporvement
8. Organic cultivation
9. Benefits
10. Suggestion
11. Recommendation
AIMS
OBJECTIVES
The total irrigated area which has been used for crop cultivation is 33,
500 square kilometers. Large areas of the state have been brought under
fruit cultivation. The fruits which have added to the treasury of the state
are the Nagpur oranges, oranges of Bathplug, the Alphonso Mangoes
and the grapes of Nashik and sugarcane of satara.
AREA
Land suitability evaluation is prerequisite for assessing the limitations for
sustainable land use planning. We used ten site specific criteria (rainfall,
texture, drainage, soil depth, slope, distance to major road, distance to
nearest sugar mill, erosion hazard, risk of flooding and pH) and applied
weighted multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique in a geographic
information system (GIS) environment to evaluate land suitability for
sugarcane cultivation. India. The weightage of all the parameters was
calculated through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Sugarcane
suitability map was prepared integrating various parameters through
weighted overlay analysis. soil depth and erosion hazard were the major
limiting factors making the land unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation.
Therefore, areas should be given priority for land and soil restoration
efforts. The study showed effectiveness of integrated GIS and MCE
approach for land suitability analysis of sugarcane.
CLIMATE
Sugarcane is considered as essentially a tropical plant. It is a long
duration crop and thus it encounter all the seasons viz., Rainy, winter
and summer during it’s life cycle. The sugarcane plant grown best in
tropical hot sunny area. The “ideal” climate for production of maximum
sugar from sugarcane farming is characterized
In the latter half, temperature above 20°C combined with open sky helps
in acquiring juice and its thickening. Too heavy rainfall results in low
sugar content and deficiency in rainfall produces fibrous crop. Irrigation
is required in areas receiving lesser rainfall than the prescribed limit.
Short cool dry winter season during ripening and harvesting is ideal.
The soil should be rich in nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus but it should
not be either too acidic or too alkaline. Sugarcane exhausts the fertility
of the soil quickly and extensively and its cultivation requires heavy
dose of manures and fertilizers.-Flat plain or level plateau is an
advantage for sugarcane cultivation because it facilitates irrigation and
transportation of cane to the sugar mills.
SOIL
A well drained, deep, loamy soil with a bulk density of 1.1 to 1.2g/cm
and total porosity with adequate balance between pores of various sizes,
is higher than 50% ground water tables below 1.5 to2.0m from soil
surface and an available water holding capacity of 15% or more. In
sugarcane farming, the optimum soil pH is about 6.5 but sugarcane can
tolerate considerable degree of soil acidity and alkalinity.
Land preparation
Every time a new crop is planted is absolutely essential to bring the soil
to fine tilth for proper germination of the sets and field emergence and
root growth. Tillage is the physical manipulation of the soil with
appropriate implement to loosen the surface soil layer.
2. In this method this ridge and furrow are opened with the
help of ridge by keeping 120cm distance between furrow
in heavy soil and 105cm distance in light to medium soil.
4. First sets are laid on the top ridge end and later planted in
furrow by two ways knows as wet method and dry method
of planting.
I. Wet method
3. Cane sets are laid down in the flat beds end to end in rows.
C) Rayungan method
5. After six weeks the sprouts sets are transplants in the main
field when the danger of flooding is over.
Manures and fertilizer in sugarcane farming
METHODS
Land preparation
The first thing that matters most is the soil where the crop will be grown.
The best quality sugarcane begins in March when he plants a green
manure called Sesbania, which is also known as also known as Dhaincha.
Once the plants are almost ready to start flowering, they are crushed with
the help of a power tiller or a tractor and mixed within the soil. A layer of
mud is put upon this, and a bed to plant sugarcane is prepared.
Adopt minimum row spacing of 90 cm. For varieties the spacing can be
increased upto150 cm. Furrows must be formed at 20-30 cm deep.
Organic manure
Planting material
Once the land is ready, deep drains that are about 10 inches to 1
feet, are dug at a distance of almost 5 to 6 feet from each other. It
is essential to put the fertilisers on the side of the drain where
sunrays fall directly.
Once the land is ready, deep drains that are about 10 inches to
1 feet, are dug at a distance of almost 5 to 6 feet from each
other. It is essential to put the fertilisers on the side of the
drain where sunrays fall directly.
Collect setts from 6-8months old disease free nursery crop. Two
budded setts are better than three-budded setts. It is always
advisable to collect the seed Material from organically grown
sugarcane crop.
Sow green manure crops like daincha or sunhemp on one side of the ridges
on 3rd or 4th day after planting sugarcane and raise it as an intercrop with
sugarcane. Harvest and insitu incorporate the intercrop around 45 days
after transplanting.
Weed management
Hand hoeing and weeding at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. Follow
only non-chemical weed management technologies like hand weeding
and Mechanical weed control methods.
Biofertilizers
Plants need fertilisers, but one has to take care of the quality and the right
way of using them. He digs a small quench near the space where the seed
has to be planted and puts the essential fertilisers right at the roots of the
plant and covers it carefully with the soil. This technique ensures the plant
gets all the nutrients from its roots. It takes at least five farm labourers to
do this job, but one can see the positive results. cow dung first before
using it in the manure.
Seed
For a good crop it is very important to select the right seeds.
Suresh suggests that farmers take up one eye seeds of sugarcane
of best quality. He then recommends that they wash the seeds
with a mixture of 20% chloro in one litre of water, then two gm
of bavistin in one-litre of water and finally 5-10 millilitre of
germinator in one-litre water. These seeds are then planted in the
drains by making a quench in the drains of about 3 inch deep at
a distance of 2.5 feet each.
About sugarcane cultivation CACP report:-
As land and water are increasingly becoming scarce in India with
high opportunity costs. Therefore, the real resource cost of
growing sugarcane in different regions cannot be correctly
compared unless land productivity is normalised for the time
duration of crop, its water intake, and its recovery rate.
2 Maharashtra 81870
3 Karnataka 41895
4 Tamilnadu 24463
5 Bihar 14131
6 Gujarat 14060
8 Haryana 7650
9 Punjab 7039
10 Uttarakhand 6135