410 9.

The Complete Response of Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements

Table 9.13-1 Natural Frequencies of Parallel RLC and Series RLC Circuits

PARALLEL RLC SERIES RLC

Circuit
i(t) L +
R C L R C v(t)
–

Differential equation 2 2
d 1 d 1 d Rd 1
iðtÞ þ iðtÞ þ iðtÞ ¼ 0 vðt Þ þ vðtÞ þ vðtÞ ¼ 0
dt2 RC dt LC dt 2 L dt LC
Characteristic equation 1 1 R 1
s2 þ sþ ¼0 s2 þ s þ ¼0
RC LC L LC
Damping coefficient, rad/s 1 R
a¼ a¼
2 RC 2L
Resonant frequency, rad/s 1 1
o0 ¼ pffiffiffiffiffiffi o0 ¼ pffiffiffiffiffiffi
LC LC
s" ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
#2 s" ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
#2
Damped resonant frequency, rad/s 1 1 R 1
od ¼ % od ¼ %
2 RC LC 2L LC
sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
" #2 ffi sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
" #2
Natural frequencies: overdamped case
1 1 1 R R 1
s1 ; s2 ¼ % & % s1 ; s2 ¼ % & %
2 RC 2 RC LC 2L 2L LC
rffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi
1 L L
when R < when R > 2
2 C C
rffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi
Natural frequencies: critically damped case 1 1 L R L
s1 ¼ s2 ¼ % when R ¼ s1 ¼ s2 ¼ % when R ¼ 2
2 RC 2 C 2L C
sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
" #2ffi sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
" #2
Natural frequencies: underdamped case
1 1 1 R 1 R
s1 ; s2 ¼ % &j % s1 ; s2 ¼ % & j %
2 RC LC 2 RC 2L LC 2L
rffiffiffiffi rffiffiffiffi
1 L L
when R > when R < 2
2 C C

Table 9.13-2 Natural Response of Second-Order Circuits

CASE NATURAL FREQUENCIES NATURAL RESPONSE, xn

pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Overdamped s1 ; s2 ¼ %a & a2 % o20 A1 es1 t þ A2 es2 t
Critically damped s1 ; s2 ¼ %a (A1 þA2 t)e%at
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Underdamped s1 ; s2 ¼ %a & j o20 % a2 ¼ %a & jod (A1 cos odtþA2 sin odt)e%at

Table 9.13-3 Forced Response of Second-Order Circuits

INPUT, f(t) FORCED RESPONSE, xf

Constant K A
Ramp Kt AþBt
Sinusoid K cos ot, K sin ot, or K cos (otþy) A cos ot þ B sin ot
%bt
Exponential Ke Ae%bt