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SUMMARY
If A(𝑋1 , 𝑌1 ) and B(𝑋2 , 𝑌2 ) are two distinct points.
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
(a) Midpoint of AB = ( 1 2 , 1 2)
2 2
𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑦1 −𝑦2
(b) Gradient of AB = tan𝜃 = = , where 𝑥2 ≠ 𝑥1
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑥1 −𝑥2
2. The vertices of 𝜟ABC are A(0, -5), B(-2, 1) and C(10, k). Find the value of
k if <ABC = 90.
Solution
Since <ABC = 90,
Gradient of AB × gradient of BC = -1
1−(−5) 𝑘−1
( )× ( ) = -1
−2−0 10−(−2)
𝑘−1
i.e. (-3)( )= -1
12
k–1=4
k=5
Type equation here. CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
The equation of a circle in the standard form is (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = 𝑟 2 ,
where r > 0, (a, b) is the centre and r is the radius.
The general formof the equation of a circle is 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +2gx +2fy +c = 0,
where 𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 - c > 0, (-g, -f) is the centre and √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 is the
radius.
Graphs of the form y = 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 , where n is a rational number
(a) n is a positive rational number less than 1
1 1
(e.g. and )
2 3
(b) k < 0
EXAMPLE
1. Find the centre and the radius of the circle 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 - 3x + 4y = -1.
Solution
Rewriting the equation, we have
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 - 3x + 4y + 1 = 0
3 1
i.e. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 - 𝑥 + 2y + = 0
2 2
2. In the figure, the line y = 6–x cuts the curve 𝑦 2 = 3x at the points A and B,
and the x-axis at C. Find
(i) The coordinates of A, B and C,
(ii) The ratio AC : CB.
Solution
(i) y= 6 –x (1)
2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 (2)
Subst. (1) into (2): (6 - x)2 = 3x
36 – 12x + 𝑥 2 = 3x
𝑥 2 – 15x + 36 = 0
(x-3)(x-12) = 0
x=3 or x=12
y=3 y= -6
A(3, 3) and B(12, -6)
Subst. y = 0 into (1) : x = 6
C(6, 0)
(ii) AC = √(3 − 6)2 + (3 - 0)2
= √18
3
= √2