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WIDTH MODULATION
PROJECT SYNOPSIS
OF MAJOR PROJECT
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
An example for this is electricity generation with solar cells. When sun light reaches
a cell, electrons are released. Applying an electric field, they can be taken out and
result in a DC current. In order to put this electricity on the grid, an inverter is needed.
Another example is an AC device connected to a battery as power source. Given that
direct connection is not possible, an inverter is required as an intermediate device.
This project has as major aim the design of a single-phase inverter for educational
purposes. The main distinctive feature is the digital implementation of the PWM
modulation.
Since the first Arduino board was developed on 2005, there has been a turning point
on the programming world, especially between non-specialised users. With an
intuitive software and a wide amount of applications, it is a highly recommended
option for the first approach to digital programming for students. For those reasons,
this project has the aim to apply this tool to ease the PWM implementation on a
single-phase inverter, substituting analogical circuitry.
1. We are using LabVIEW for the generation of PWM signal, as this will include
our instrumentation and control engineering knowledge and reduces the use
of external peripheral devices like (Function generator for generating different
signals).
2. Now as our PWM signal is generated it needs to be come out of our laptop
in the outside world so we need to use a DAQ device known as Data
Acquisition device. But it is a high costing device and currently not available
to us so we use ARDUINO for carrying the output coming from LabVIEW in
digital form. To do this there is a readily available program called LIFA BASE
( LabVIEW interfacing with Arduino ) is used to proceed our operation
further.
3. Now a unity follower is connected Between Arduino and Mosfet driver to
compensate loading effect.
4. Then Mosfets drivers (Ir2110) is used here to control the switching operations
of our H-Bridge inverter Mosfets.
5. The connection of 4 Mosfets in the form of H-Bridge according to the circuit
diagram helps in generating the sinusoidal signal at the output.
6. Finally, a LC filter is used to remove any harmonic content present in the
output waveform.
COMPONENTS USED
Software:
1. NI LabView 2016
2. MATLAB 2015
3. Arduino IDE
4. Proteus 8.7
Hardware:
1. Mosfet Driver IC IR2110: The IR2110 is a high voltage, high speed power MOSFET and
IGBT driver with independent high and low side referenced output channels. Proprietary
HVIC and latch immune CMOS technologies enable ruggedized monolithic construction.
Logic inputs are compatible with standard CMOS or LSTTL outputs. The output drivers
feature a high pulse current buffer stage designed for minimum driver cross-conduction.
Propagation delays are matched to simplify use in high frequency applications. The floating
channel can be used to drive an N-channel power MOSFET or IGBT in the high side
configuration which operates up to 500 volts.
Fig. 2 Capacitors
3. Resistors: A resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements
electrical resistances as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines among other uses. Its unit is ohms.
Fig.3 Resistors
4. Inductor: An inductor also called coil, choke or reactor is a passive two-terminal element
that stores energy in a magnetic field. Its unit is Henry
5. Mosfet: The metal oxide field semiconductor field effect transistor is a type of field effect
transistor, most commonly fabricated by the controlled oxidation of silicon. It has an
insulated gate, whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to
change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or
switching electronic signals.
7. IC 741: The IC 741 operational amplifier looks like a small chip. The IC 741 has eight
pins. The most significant pins are 2,3 and 6, where pin2 and pin3 denote inverting and
non-inverting terminals and pin 6 denotes output voltage.
Fig. 5 Op-amp 741
8. Digital Storage Oscilloscope: A Digital Storage Oscilloscope is a Oscilloscope which
stores and analyses the signal digitally rather than using analog techniques. It is now the
most common type of oscilloscope in use because of the advance trigger, Storage, Display
and Measurement features which it typically provides.