ETM 421/621 (Spring 2019)

Homework 7
Total Points: 5
Due date: 04/25/2019

1. (2.5 points) The percentage of hardwood concentration in raw pulp, the vat pressure, and the cooking

time of the pulp are being investigated for their effects on the strength of paper. Three levels of

hardwood concentration, three levels of pressure, and two cooking times are selected. A factorial

experiment with two replicates is conducted, and the following data are obtained:

Percentage of Cooking Time 3.0 Hours Cooking Time 4.0 Hours

Hardwood
Concentration Pressure Pressure

400 500 650 400 500 650

2 196.6 197.7 199.8 198.4 199.6 200.6

196 196 199.4 198.6 200.4 200.9

4 198.5 196 198.4 197.5 198.7 199.6

197.2 196.9 197.6 198.1 198 199

8 197.5 195.6 197.4 197.6 197 198.5

196.6 196.2 198.1 198.4 197.8 199.8

(a) Analyze the data and draw conclusions. Use α = 0.05.

(b) Prepare appropriate residual plots and comment on the model’s adequacy.

(c) Under what set of conditions would you run the process? Why?

1
2. (2.5 points) A study investigated the effects of cyclic loading and environmental conditions on fatigue

crack growth at a constant 22 MPa stress for a particular material. The data from this experiment are

shown below (the response is crack growth rate).

Frequency Environment
Air H2O Salt H2O
2.29 2.06 1.90
10 2.47 2.05 1.93
2.48 2.23 1.75
2.12 2.03 2.06

2.65 3.20 3.10

1 2.68 3.18 3.24
2.06 3.96 3.98
2.38 3.64 3.24

2.24 11.00 9.96

0.1 2.71 11.00 10.01
2.81 9.06 9.36
2.08 11.30 10.40

(a) Analyze the data from this experiment (use α = 0.05).

(b) Analyze the residuals.

(c) Repeat the analyses from parts (a) and (b) using ln(y) as the response. Comment on the results.