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A running motor may be brought to rest quickly by either mechanical braking or electrical
braking. The mechanical braking is applied by means of mechanical break shoes. Hence the
smoothness of mechanical braking is dependent on the surface and physical condition of
brakes. Smooth braking of a motor can be achieved by electric braking.
Electric Braking
The electric braking of dc motor is of three types, (i) Rheostatic or dynamic braking, (ii)
Plugging or reverse current braking and (iii) Regenerative beaking.
(iii)Regenerativebraking:
Regenerative braking is used where, load on the motor has very high inertia (e.g in electric
trains). When applied voltage to the motor is reduced to less than back emf Eb, obviously
armature current Ia will get reversed, and hence armature torque is reversed. Thus speed falls.
As generated emf is greater than applied voltage (machine is acting as a DC generator), power
will be returned to the line, this action is called as regeneration. Speed keeps falling, back
emf Eb also falls until it becomes lower than applied voltage and direction of armature
current again becomes opposite to Eb.