Unit 1.

3
Logarithmic
Differentiation
Consider the following.

( 2 x − 1) (x + 1)
5 2 4

y=
x +1
3

cos ( 2 x )
y=x , x>0
Properties of Logarithm

log b ( xy ) = log b x + log b y

⎛x⎞
log b ⎜ ⎟ = log b x − log b y
⎝ y⎠

log b x = a log b x
a
 Theorem

If u is a differentiable function of x then

1
Dx ( ln u ) = Dxu
u
 Example 1.3.1
( 2 x − 1) (x + 1)
5 2 4

Differentiate the function given by y = .

x +1 3

( 2 x − 1)( x + 1)
5 2 4

y=
( x + 1)
1
3 2

( 2 x − 1) ( x + 1)
5 2 4

y =
x +1
3

5 4
2x − 1 x + 1 2

y = 1
x +1
3 2
 5 4
2x − 1 x + 1 2

y = 1
x3 + 1 2

5 4
2x − 1 x + 1 2

ln y = ln 1
x +1
3 2

5 4 1
ln y = ln 2 x − 1 + ln x + 1 − ln x + 1
2 3 2

1
ln y = 5ln 2 x − 1 + 4ln x + 1 − ln x 3 + 1
2

2
1 dy 1 1 1 1
⋅ = 5⋅ ⋅2 + 4⋅ 2 ⋅ 2x − ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3x 2
y dx 2x − 1 x +1 2 x +1
1 dy 1 1 1 1
⋅ = 5⋅ ⋅2 + 4⋅ 2 ⋅ 2x − ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3x 2

y dx 2x − 1 x +1 2 x +1
2
1 dy 10 8x 3x
⋅ = + 2 − 3
y dx 2 x − 1 x + 1 2 x + 2
dy ⎛ 10 8x 3x 2 ⎞
= y⎜ + 2 − 3 ⎟
dx ⎝ 2x − 1 x + 1 2x + 2 ⎠
dy ( 2 x − 1) ( x + 1) ⎛ 10
5 2 4
8x 3x 2 ⎞
= ⎜ + 2 − 3 ⎟
dx x +1
3
⎝ 2x − 1 x + 1 2x + 2 ⎠
 Example 1.3.2

cos ( 2 x )
Differentiate the function given by y = x , x > 0.

cos ( 2 x )
y = x
ln y = cos ( 2 x ) ln x
1 dy 1
⋅ = cos ( 2 x ) ⋅ + ln x ⋅ ( − sin ( 2 x ) ) ⋅ 2
y dx x
1 dy cos ( 2 x )
⋅ = − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x )
y dx x
1 dy cos ( 2 x )
⋅ = − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x )
y dx x
dy ⎛ cos ( 2 x ) ⎞
= y⎜ − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x ) ⎟
dx ⎝ x ⎠
dy cos ( 2 x ) ⎛ cos ( 2 x ) ⎞
=x ⎜ − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x ) ⎟
dx ⎝ x ⎠
 Required Exercises

Answer Exercises in TC7.

Exercises 5.3 (1-14) on page 457
Exercises 5.5 (14-20) on page 476
Check your answers on A-155 and A-156.
End of Unit 1.3