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INTRODUCTION

Natural sources of organic matter includes plant decay and dead leaf. However, plant
growth and decay maybe unnaturally accelerated when nutrients and sunlight are overly
abundant due to human influence. Microorganisms such as bacteria or protozoa are
responsible for decomposing organic waste. When organic matter such as dead plant, leaves,
grass clipping, manure, sewage or even food waste is present in a water supply, the bacteria
will begin process of breaking down this waste. When this happen, much of the available
dissolved oxygen is consumed by aerobic bacteria, robbing other aquatic organisms of the
oxygen they need to survive.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), measures the amount of oxygen consumed by


microorganisms in decomposing organic matter in stream water. BOD also measures the
chemical oxidation in organic matter such as the extraction of oxygen from water via
chemical reaction. The test is used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by rate of
oxygen consumption in a stream is affected by the number of variables which are
temperature, pH, the presence of certain kinds of microorganisms and, type of organic and
inorganic matter in the water.

OBJECTIVES

1. To measure the concentration of BOD in water sample.


2. To analyze data and interpret the result of the BOD experiment.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Students are required to determine the effectiveness of any wastewater treatment on


UiTM Shah Alam campus. Students will need to collect TWO (2) types of waste water
samples. They have to determine suitable sampling points, sample amount, sampling method
and sample storage or preparation. They are required to carry out DO and BOD using the
appropriate apparatus available in the laboratory.
APPARATUS

BOD METER (DO METER)


WATER SAMPLE

DISTILLED WATER
BOD INCUBATOR
PROCEDURE

1. 5ml of water sample A and B was poured into two of BOD bottle with label A and B
which was to differentiated between them.
2. The two of sample BOD bottle was filled with dilution water. Added the dilution
water until the bottles were completed fully.
3. Carefully cap of BOD bottles with the ground-glass stopper. Tip the bottle to one side
and checked whether it have an air bubble.
4. If an air bubble was present, added glass beads to the bottle until the bubble was
removed. cap the bottle and checked again for an air bubble. Repeat if necessary.
5. If no bubble was present in the bottle sample, create a water seal by adding distilled to
the top of the BOD bottle to minimize evaporation from the water seal.
6. The initial DO concentration of each bottle sample (A1) was measured by using DO
meter before placed in to the incubator.
7. Carefully inserted the self-stirring sensor into the BOD bottle, avoiding air
entrapment.
8. Turn on the stirrer and allow for a few minutes until the DO and temperature reading
was stabilized.
9. Placed the two bottles in the incubator at 22.8 °C and incubated for 5 days.
10. At the end of 5 days, remove the BOD bottles from the incubator and measure the
final DO by using DO meter.
RESULT AND DATA

SAMPLE A (MG/L) SAMPLE B (MG/L)


DO0 8.68 6.62
DO5 7.59 0.05
Depletion 1.09 6.57
BOD Concentration 6.54 39.42

DO0 = Dissolved oxygen for first day

D05 = Dissolved oxygen for fifth day

To determine the value of the BOD in mg/L, use the following formula:

BOD (mg/L) = [(DO0-DO5) x 300]/mL sample

For example:

Initial DO = 6.62 mg/L

Final DO = 0.05 mg/L

Sample size = 50 mL

BOD mg/L = [(6.62-0.050 x 300] / 50 = 39.42 mg/L

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