Tasks and components of database management systems.

DBMS
The motive behind the creation of DBMS was to store and utilise data.
Database is an organized store of data wherein the data is accessible by named data elements
(for example, fields, records, and files).

In a typical Database, the user saved Data is present and meta data is stored.(Explained in
metadata part)

2. DBMS is software that enables end users or application programmers to share and manage
data. It provides a systematic method of creating, updating, retrieving, and storing in
formation in a database. A DBMS is also generally responsible for data integrity, data
security, data access control and optimization, automated rollback, restart, and recovery

Components
Software

This is the set of programs used to control and manage the overall database. This
includes the DBMS software itself, the Operating System, the network software
being used to share the data among users, and the application programs used to
access data in the DBMS.
Hardware

Computers, I/O devices, storage devices, etc.

Data

DBMS Components: Procedures

Procedures refer to general instructions to use a database management system. This includes
procedures to setup and install a DBMS, To login and logout of DBMS software, to manage
databases, to take backups, generating reports etc.

DBMS Components: Database Access Language

Database Access Language is a simple language designed to write commands to access, insert,
update and delete data stored in any database.
A user can write commands in the Database Access Language and submit it to the DBMS for
execution, which is then translated and executed by the DBMS.
User can create new databases, tables, insert data, fetch stored data, update data and delete the
data using the access language.
Query Processor

This reads the online user’s query and translates it into an efficient series of operations in a form
capable of being sent to the run time data manager for execution.

Run Time Database Manager

This is the central software component of the DBMS that interfaces with user-submitted application
programs and queries, and handles database access at run time. Its function is to convert operations
in user’s queries. It provides control to maintain the consistency, integrity and security of the data.

Cache Manager

This is responsible for handling of data in the database, providing a recovery to the system that
allows it to recover the data after a failure.-

Database Engine

The core service for storing, processing, and securing data, this provides controlled access and rapid
transaction processing to address the requirements of the most demanding data consuming
applications. It is often used to create relational databases for online transaction processing or online
analytical processing data.

Data Dictionary

This is a reserved space within a database used to store information about the database itself. A data
dictionary is a set of read-only table and views, containing the different information about the data
used in the enterprise .

Report Writer

It is a program that extracts information from one or more files and presents the information in a
specified format.

Data-centered activities in software development life cycle (SDLC).

7.conceptual data modeling represents the initial stage in the development of the design of the
persistent data and persistent data storage for the system

8.Logical data modeling is the process of representing data architecture and organization in a
graphical way . A logical data model provides all the information about the various entities and the
relationships between the entities present in a database.

9.Physical database design is the process of transforming a data model into the physical data
structure of a particular database management system (DBMS).

Database
administration and monitoring.
Database administration is the function of managing and maintaining database management systems
(DBMS) software.

Responsibilities
  Installation, configuration and upgrading of Database server software and related products.

 Evaluate Database features and Database related products.

 Establish and maintain sound backup and recovery policies and procedures.

 Take care of the Database design and implementation.

 Implement and maintain database security (create and maintain users and roles, assign
privileges).

 Database tuning and performance monitoring.

 Application tuning and performance monitoring.

 Setup and maintain documentation and standards.

 Plan growth and changes (capacity planning).

 Work as part of a team and provide 24x7 support when required.

 Do general technical troubleshooting and give cons.

 Database recovery.

 data integrity

 release migration

Table 2.4. Database Support Roles and Responsibilities

Task DBA
DBMS installation P
DBMS upgrade P
Database usage policy P
Database design P
Database creation P
Database performance P
Backup and recovery P
Disaster recovery P
Database security P
Triggers P

Metadata and data quality management.

1. What is metadata?

Metadata is often described as data about data; more accurately, metadata is the description of the data
and data interfaces required by the business.
2. When do the data become information?

Data is a fact represented as an item or event out of context. Information, on the other hand, adds
context by specifying relationships between data, and possibly other information. Data in context with
metadata makes information.

3. What should address a good metadata strategy?

A policy for how metadata is used in the organization

• Procedures for identifying and defining data ownership and stewardship ,Policies to enforce data
stewardship procedures and security for metadata access.

• Identification of the types of metadata that need to be collected

• A description of the purpose for each type of metadata that is identified—a clear and concise reason
why each piece of metadata is required by the organization

• Using a repository

• Identification of metadata sources, both internal and external

• Measurements of quality and usability of metadata.

4. What is the difference between technology and business metadata?

Technology metadata describes the technical aspects of the data as it relates to storing and managing
the data in computerized systems. Business metadata, on the other hand, describes aspects of how the
data is used by the business, and is needed for the data to have value to the organization.

5. What stores the system catalog?

Stores information about database objects. Vital store of technology metadata. Names of every
database, table, column, index, view, relationship, stored procedure, trigger, and so on

• Primary key for each table and any foreign keys that refer back to that primary key

• Which tables are in which views

• Data type, length, and constraints for each column of every table

• Names of the physical files used to store database data, as well as information about file storage,
extents, and disk volumes
• Authorization and security information detailing which users have what type of authority on which
database objects

• Date and time of the last database definition change, as well as the ID of the user who implemented
the DDL for the change

• Database organization information

date.

8. What is the repository?

A repository stores information about an organization's data assets(metadata). It can act as a single,
centralized mechanism to assist in the migration of data from the multiple sources to a data warehouse.

9. What can typically a repository do? What else features are desirable for a repository?

Typically, a repository can

• Store information about your data, processes, and environment.

• Support multiple ways of looking at the same data.

• Store in-depth documentation, and produce detail and management reports from that documentation.

• Support data model creation and administration. Integration with popular ETL, data modeling, and
CASE tools is also an important evaluation criterion.

• Support for versioning and change control.

• Enforce naming conventions.

• Parse and extract metadata from multiple sources.

• Generate copybooks from data element definitions

10. What are the advantages of using a repository by a company?

 A repository provides consistency in documenting data elements and business rules. integrate
views of multiple system

 usage patterns can be analyzed

 provides consistency

 support rapidly changing environment

  reusability

 invaluable aid to data warehousing initiatives

11. What are the challenges with the repository?

 Keeping the repository up-to-date (data from multiple sources can change any time)

 Information needs to be collected, parsed, and recorded in the repository

 You have to solve the synconization if data of sources changes frequently

Outdated, inaccurate or nonexistent repository cannot be used

12. What can be the sources of metadata, which is stored in the repository?