Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Research Paper
Presented to the
Senior High School Department
Hinunangan National High School
Submitted by:
RENATO GOZO
Submitted to:
S.Y. 2018-2019
i
Table of Contents
Part Page
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………….. ii
Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………………… iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………. v
Chapter I Introduction
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………….. 3
Literature…………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Studies……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Readings…………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………… 8
Research Design………………………………………………………………………….. 10
Research Respondent……………………………………………………………………. 10
Data-Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………………….. 11
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Chapter IV Results and Discussions
Results………………………………………………………………………………………13
Discussions…………………………………………………………………………………15
Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………18
Recommendations………………………………………………………………………… 18
References…………………………………………………………………………………19
Appendices
Appendix A: Questionnaire……………………………………………………………… 20
iii
Acknowledgment
This study would not have been completed without the support and guidance of
Our Almighty Father, for his abundant grace in bestowing the researchers
Our parents, for giving financial and moral support to the researchers during
Ms. Meraluna L. Omos, the adviser, for her undying fervor in teaching the
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Abstract
rights and obligations between the spouses, as well as between them and any resulting
biological or adopted children and affinity. However, the act and social definition of
marriage vary from culture to culture and religion to religion. With the changing of times
and the evolution of gender orientation, a lot of cultures and societies have reevaluated
the legality of the act of marriage to include those of the homosexual orientation. This
acceptance allowed couples of the same biological sex to marry, hence same-sex
marriage. But the Philippines, a country which is predominantly Christian finds itself in
moral dilemma as the issue of same-sex marriage goes against every dogma of
Christianity. Morality, however, is a very fluid standard. The study tried to determine if
same-sex marriage is moral according to the perception of the students and if morality
can be used to argue its legalization in the country. By interviewing students that
determine themselves to the three common gender identifications (man, woman, gay),
the researchers were able to conclude that: (1) the students consider morality to be
either objective or subjective, but (2) emotions are not reliable moral compasses thus
rejecting the subjective view, therefore (3) senior high students of the school perceive
same-sex marriage as an immoral act which makes morality a weak defense for its
legalization in the country. It is recommended that the study be replicated to include all
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between the spouses, as
well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-
laws and other family through marriage). This is the most legal definition acceptable for
the word.
However, the act and social definition of marriage vary from culture to culture and
religion to religion. Culturally, there are a lot of traditions which couples may need to
follow before being married, of which solely rely on the society in which they adhere to.
monogamy. These cultural and religious connotations of marriage is what makes up,
With the changing of times and the evolution of what was perceived to be a solid,
unchanging, but now liquid, flowing spectrum of gender orientation and sexual
preference, which is a key component of marriage, a lot of cultures and societies have
revaluated the legality of the act of marriage to include those of the homosexual
orientation. This acceptance allowed couples of the same biological sex to marry, hence
same-sex marriage.
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On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision for all 50
states under its federal supervision to grant and recognize same-sex marriage as part
the citizens’ Constitutional right. The decision read, in part, “The Constitution promises
liberty to all within its reach, a liberty that includes certain specific rights that allow
persons within a lawful realm to define and express their identity. It also extend to
certain personal choices central to individual dignity and autonomy, including intimate
choices that define personal identity and beliefs”. This decision influenced a lot of
finds itself in moral dilemma as the issue of same-sex marriage goes against every
dogma of Christianity and Catholicism. Though ranked as the 2nd most gay-friendly
country in Asia, only 2 out of 10 Filipinos are open to allow same-sex marriage in the
country, primarily to the belief that doing so would set the country directly against the
generations. In this study, the researchers will try to examine how the youth, in this case
the Senior High Students of Hinunangan National High School, perceive the morality of
same-sex marriage, and conclude, based solely on said perception, if it is possible for
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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to know on how the Senior High School Students of Hinunangan
National High School perceive the morality of same-sex marriage. Specifically it aims to
morality?
Definition of Terms
following terms:
religious ceremony.
Morality - refers to the equality of being in accord with standards of right or good
categories.
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Civil Rights - are class of rights that protect individual’s freedom from
private individuals.
The researchers believe that knowing the perception of the senior high school
students on the morality of same-sex marriage would help people decide on their stand
on the issue based on how correct it is in the view of the youth. Specifically, it will help
the following:
Community - this study will help the community by giving more awareness to the
School – by using the data in this research, administrators and teachers can
Adviser – the adviser, being more influential in the field of research, would be
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Scope and Delimitation of the Study
National High School on the Morality of Same-Sex Marriage” is only limited to the senior
Leyte. It only considers the morality of same-sex marriage based on how it is perceived
by the above-mentioned students. It will not delve into the inner arguments of the issue
5
Chapter II
Related Literature
Slick (2015) on his essay “Are Homosexuality and Homosexual Marriage Moral
Issue?” defended the Position that Homosexuals don’t have much to stand on when it
comes to promoting their practice based on the moral issues. Instead, they have used
misdirection of the main issue, misrepresentation of the opposing viewpoints, and mis-
On the issue of the U.S. legalizing same-sex marriage, Joshi (2015) in his article
“Same-sex Marriage and Morality: Why Equality Must Triumph Over Religious Dogma”
argued that, in a global society where scientific advance, secular education and social
mobility have redefined age-old theories of how we look at the world, the ruling in
certainly the correct one. He said that because we have scientific proof that
sexual behavior.
According to Law Teacher (2018) in the essay “Gay Marriage, A Moral Issue”,
there are religious arguments and protests that are against gay marriage. Among these
are unnatural, marriage is sacred and a sacrament, the primarily purpose of marriage is
procreation, and marriage is defined as a union, between a man and a woman. The
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author further added that it is immoral to legitimize gay unions because it is not in the
Related Studies
Same-sex Marriage Debate”, he noted that some same-sex marriage activities might
wish to exclude certain ,moral and religious viewpoints from the same-sex marriage
debate. He pointed out, however, that evidence shows that religion and moral
et.al. (2010) found out that the belief and position involved in Same-sex Marriage is
mostly due to Religious Factors and the morality attached to them rather than secular
influences.
Whitehead, A.L. (2014) in his study “Politics, Religion, Attribution Theory, and
beliefs about the cause of homosexuality may presage shifts in support for same-sex
unions, many will be able to resist those shifts towards support, possibly leading to their
Marriage”. How not to Globalize a Cultural Anomie” thought gay people may have
feelings for whoever they like, and would want to be attached to such, it remains
unnatural for a man to sleep with a man as with as with a woman and the idea of
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Related Readings
The daily Herald (2013) pointed out that there are people who passionately
believe that not only is gay marriage morally wrong but also that it would be detrimental
to society to allow it, and thus it should not be the argument for making it illegal when
one subgroup starts claiming its moral superiority as the basis for making laws for a
Mohler (2013) asserts that there is a moral revolution happening all around us.
Further, he argues that the moral dimension has virtually disappeared from the cultural
marriage.
But Phillips (2006) argues for millennial societies have rejected homosexual
marriage is wrong, a violation of nature, in the same way slavery violated a man’s
natural rights to life and liberty, and that he added does not change depending on which
This section will describe the conceptual framework adopted in the research
and the conceptualization of the social construction of the target population. The
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Lacanian Theory
Lacan reflected attempts to link psychoanalysis with social theory, saying the
unconscious is the discourse of the other that human passion is structured by the desire
of others and that we express deep feelings through the relay of others. He thus saw
Stewart (2017) contends that Lacanian theory can provide two key insights,
Marriage has consequently institutionalized a cultural capital that reflects the imaginary
of the dominant. I term this cultural capital “heterosexualness”. Second, he argued that
the Lacanian account of the symbolic order allows the logic underlying political violence
to be elucidated, this, logic illustrated through the concept of the sexuality bind,
legitimizes violence against the other when they violate the imagined rules of the field.
Applying these insights, he conclude that the legalization of same-sex marriage fails to
break down the symbolic boundaries between “heterosexual” and “homosexual” that
found the sexuality bind, instead reproducing the imaginary form of the sexuality bind
This theory supports the researcher’s presumption that what the society accepts
as moral would play a vital role in the decision to legalize same-sex marriage.
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Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, the locale of the study, the
respondents, and the instruments. Likewise, it helps to determine on how to gather the
data and arrive at the data analysis procedure, so as to achieve the main purpose of the
Research Design
To achieve the main purpose of this study, the researchers will use the
Phenomenological Research Design. With this design, the researchers will be able to
describe the morality, and afterwards the legality, of same-sex marriage solely on the
understand the meaning participants place on whatever’s being examined, in this case
the morality of same-sec marriage be using a combination of methods that show the
Research Respondents
The respondents of this study are the selected Senior High School students of
Hinunangan National High School. For fairness sake, the researchers will use criterion
sampling in choosing the respondents that will represent the population. As this study
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For the purposes of this study, the researchers will consider the three (3) most
openly-identified gender groups: man, woman, and gay. Upon the discretion of the
researchers, due to time constraints in the conduct of the study, two (2) students
identified themselves as man, one (1) gay, and three (3) woman were asked to
participate. The number of women chosen were much more to increase the chance of
Research Instruments
and employs formulated questions. It will be given to the chosen respondents to which
they will be asked to answer in writing. The questionnaire shall consist of questions that
will try to reveal how the respondents perceive the issue and achieve the objectives of
the study.
Data-Gathering Procedure
eight (8) Senior High School students of Hinunangan National High School that clearly
asked to answer the questions as honestly as they can and in any language that they
are most comfortable with In order to get the most accurate perception that they have.
When the respondents submit the questionnaires, the researchers will transcribe the
answers of the respondents and organize them according to how they relate to the
objectives of the study. The transcriptions will be the data of this study.
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Methods and Interpretation
The data of this study will be analyzed through a focus group discussion of the
researchers. Data organized according to the objectives of this study will be discussed
among the members of the group of the researchers in order to come up with a
consensus interpretation of the answers of the respondents. This interpretation will then
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Chapter IV
Results
The following are the data collected on the survey conducted. This data is
already translated according to how the researchers understood the statements of the
respondents (For the transcription of the data, refer to Appendix B of this paper).
Question 1&2
How do you know if an action is good/moral and bad/immoral?
Person A If the action invade other people’s rights or privacy, it is immoral; if not, it is
moral.
Person B Doing good / moral actions means doing them w/ out ulterior motives.
Actions with selfish motives and hurting others are considered immoral.
Person C The law of the Catholic church and the law of the country is the basis for
morality.
Person D If it doesn't hurt others and is right with your conscience, it is considered
good or moral.
Person E It depends on our individual thoughts.
Person F In love, actions are always considered good.
Question 3&4
Are good or moral actions based on and will result in happiness?
Can an action be still considered good or moral even if it makes you feel sad or
angry?
Person A No, it's not just based on happiness, but on the common things
between you and others.
If you don’t like that action, then it is considered immoral.
Person B No, because doing good/moral actions do not always equate to
happiness. There are times that you must do good even if it means
pain.
There are times in our life when we face sadness or anger. We are not
perfect and we often make mistakes, but it doesn't mean that it is not
good.
Person C No, because we control happiness and how we share it to others. It is
not necessarily of our actions.
It depends there are actions that do not make us happy bit can make
others happy, then it is the right thing to do. Therefore, even if it makes
you sad or angry, it will be worth it.
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Person D Yes, because bad actions result to sadness or temporary happiness.
It depends on the moral of the person.
Person E It must be done to make others happy, even if it doesn't make you
happy.
Yes, as long as you do not sin in being sad or angry.
Person F No, because it is selfishness to think of always being happy in our
actions
It can. If it makes other people happy, then it is moral even if it results to
your sadness or anger.
Question 5
Is it necessary for you to strive to do good? If you want to do something, do you
consider first if it is good? Why or why not?
Person A No, it’s not necessary. I believe that we must do good and bad in balance. I
consider being moral as being true to yourself.
Person B Yes, because when you do good, it often results to greater unexpected
things.
Person C Very necessary. If you want to live a life of peaceful, harmonious, and
happy life, then we should strive to do good. Of course, because actions
have consequences. So to avoid negative consequences one should think
before acting.
Person D Yes because every action has its consequences.
Person E Yes, for our sake, because doing bad actions is sin.
Person F Yes, to inspire others. But in love, there is no good or bad as long as you
are willing to fight for it.
Question 6
What is your opinion on same-sex marriage?
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Discussions
For Questions 1 & 2, participants were asked on their own understanding of the
concept of morality. This is done by determining what they perceive is the basis for
calling an action moral and immoral. By doing so, the researchers would be able to
The answers for Q1 & Q2 seem to fall on two extremes; objectivist view, which
lay morality in absolute standards such as human rights, laws, and doctrines, and
subjectivist view, perceiving morality on a more personal encounter (i.e., the feelings of
as important part of setting moral standards. This will measure, to a qualitative degree,
All but one of the participants absolutely believe that doing moral actions does
not necessarily include, or results to, happiness. But because the one opposing
participant did not, in definite terms, agree that feeling the opposite means that the
actions are immoral, it can be said that all the participants believe that emotions should
The 5th questions raised in the questionnaire aims to know the importance of
morality to students. This determines if it is important for them for an action to be good
before doing it. By doing so, it would connect the role of morality to same-sex marriage.
15
As answered by the participants, it reveals that it is of importance for them to do
good, thus giving morality an important role in their decisions. Though one of them said
that actions should be balanced between good and bad, it still confirms that one should
always consider the good in every decision. This is because all of them believe that
designed to solicit the general perspective of the participants towards the issue that will
The participants answered the most common extremes of the same-sex marriage
issue. One side argues toward the moral objectivist asserting the absolute law of God,
and the subjectivist view of morality on the side of happiness and choice of others.
The moral objectivist view has already been accepted by everyone as laws, be it
objective moral standard that same-sex marriage should not be allowed is upheld in this
study.
It has been proven by the participants of the study that morality is not dependent
on emotions. This means that doing something because the actor feels happy or gets
happiness is not a genuine moral compass. Because of this, the subjectivist view that
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Chapter V
Conclusions
Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were made by the
researchers:
1. Morality, according to students, are the standards set by society in its laws
and the mandates being promulgated by the Divine through the different
religious institutions.
Recommendations
1. The study be replicated to consider the other gender identities that were not
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References:
Sherkat, et. al (2009). Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage. Southern
Illinois University of Carbondale.
Messner, T. (2010). Religion and Morality in the same-sex marriage Debate. Retrived
from https://www.heritage.org/marriage-and-family/report/religion-and-morality-
the-same-sex-marriage-debate
Whitehead, A.L. (2014). Politics, Religion, Attribution Theory, and Attitudes Toward
Same-Sex Unions. Clemson University.
Joshi, Y. (2015). Same-sex marriage and morality: why equality must triumph. Retrieved
from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/jul/18/gay-
marriage-human-rights-diversity
Slick, M. (2015). Are homosexuality and homosexual marriage moral issue. Retrieved
from https://carm.org/homosexuality-moral
Stewart (2017). The sexuality bind: same-sex marriage and structures of homophobic
violence. Retrieved from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1600910X.2017.1371049?journalCo
de=rdis20
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Appendix A: Questionnaire
Name (optional):
Gender Identification: ( ) Man ( ) Woman ( ) Gay ( ) Lesbian
To the Respondent:
Good day!
Thank you for agreeing to participate in this study that aims to assess the morality of same-sex
marriage according to your perception.
We are therefore requesting for you to answer the questions in these questionnaire as honestly
as you can. We encourage you to use any language comfortable with you to express your
thoughts effectively. Please feel free to use any part of these papers for your answers, so long
as your number them accordingly.
Sincerely,
The Researchers
3. Are good or moral actions based on and will result in happiness? Why or Why not?
Ang mga mabubuting Gawain ba ay ginagawa lang kung masaya ka at para mapasaya ka? Bakit?
4. Can an action be still considered good or moral even if it makes you feel sad or
angry? How?
Pwede bang ang isang Gawain ay masabing mabuti o moral kahit na malulungkot o magagalit ka
dahil ginawa mo ito? Paano?
If you want to do something, do you consider first if it is good? Why or why not?
Kung gagawa ka ng isang bagay, kailangan bang isipin Kung ito ay mabuti? Bakit?
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Appendix B: Transcriptions
Person A
1. If the action itself does not evade other peoples right or privacy.
3. No, moral action are based not only in your happiness but also people around you,
you must found the common group between you and the people around you.
4. Moral action are based on your moral decision if you dont like that action then that is
considered as an interval action.
5. No, i believe that we mist do good and bad. Do good thing with a little bit of bad
things with a little bit of good.
No, i consider it it is moral or not. Being moral means being true to yourself.
Person B
3. Para sakin hindi kasi hindi lahat ng bagay na ginahawa natin matutumbasan ng saya,
minsan kasi kahit anong pilit mong maging masaya pero deep inside sobrang sakit na
kaya diko masasabing gawain ay mapasaya ako .
4. Nabuhay tayo sa mundong ito na kung saan mararanasan natin ang malungkot o
magalit. Di tayo perpektong tao para di magkamalibsa mga bagay lahat tayo
nagkakamali gawin ito.
5. Kailangan kasi kung palati kang gumawa ng tama sa minsan may katumabas ito na
mas higit pa sa inaasahan mong bagay.
Oo dahil kung gagawa ako ng isang bagay na ikakasira ng buhay ko. Darating din ang
time a pagsisihan ko ito kung bakit ko ito ginawa. Sa pagkat mas makakabuti talaga na
pag isipan mo talaga bago gawin.
6. Nabuhay tayo kung saan lalaki at babae lng ang ginawa ng diyos wala mn sa bibliya
ang bakla at tomboy sapagkat tao parin sila namumuhay ng matiwasay kahit
madaming ayaw sa kanila may karapatan silang mamili at magmahal. Sa mundong ito
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pagmamahal ang pinaka importante walang basihan kung ano pa yang nagmamahal
kasi when it comes in love walang pinipili.
Person C
1. When in its not against the law of the Catholic church and legal under the rules of a
country.
2. When its against the law of the Catholic church ang illegal under the rues of the
country.
3. No, because the happiness is not on how you make it it is on how you do it,
happiness are more meaningful if we share our happiness to others, cause if they are
happy because of you then you too.
5. Very necessary? Because if you believe that life matters to do good in results for a
peace and harmony and ylu have the wide thinking and wants a happy and healthy life
then be a good invidual and listen to god.
6. My opinion to the same sex marriage is that it is very inappropriate, because this act
refuses to follow the rule of god and it is not an example of being a humnities and it
neglects the rules of a certain country, but my feedback to my fellow gender who
undergo same-sex marriage is that if this is what make them happy then I understand.
Person D
6.Hindi maganang ipaglegal sa pilipinas sapagkat hindi sang ayon ang diyos sa
gawaing ganito. Kagaya sa nangyari sa Sodoma at Gomora dahil sa gawaing ito ay
pinuksa ng Diyos ang kanilang lugar.
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Person E
1. Kung gagawa ka ng isang bagay ay dapat munang pag-isipan kung ito ba ay tama o
maling hawain.
2.
3. Ang mabubuting gawain ay ginagawa lang para mapasaya ang iyong kapwa tao.
Kahitna ikaw ay hindi masaya.
6.Hindi iti nakabubuti sa atin, at sa ating panginoon. Dapat huwag natin sirain ang
anumang bagay ang ibinigay sa atin ng diyos. Dapat ang lalaki ay para sa babae at ang
babae ay para sa lalaki.
Person F
3. No, because its an act of selfishness, because you only think for yourself your own
goods / satisfaction.
4. It can, because its what makes others to be happy then your sure whether it makes/
made you sad or angry as long as those people around are happy and all of this are
worth it.
6. All I can say is do what they really want to do, its there life we cant judge theyre
human too.
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