1. What is an Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use
hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a
finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a
motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board
what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To
do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the
Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from
everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of
makers - students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered
around this open-source platform, their contributions have added up to an
incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to novices and
experts alike.
Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool
for fast prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and
programming. As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started
changing to adapt to new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from
simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D printing, and
embedded environments. All Arduino boards are completely open-source,
empowering users to build them independently and eventually adapt them to their
particular needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is growing through the
contributions of users worldwide.
2. What is Difference between Micro Processor and Micro Controller?
Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them i.e. only the
processing powers such as Intel’s Pentium 1,2,3,4, core 2 duo, i3, i5 etc. These
microprocessors don’t have RAM, ROM, and other peripheral on the chip. A
system designer has to add them externally to make them functional. Application
of microprocessor includes Desktop PC’s, Laptops, notepads etc.
Microcontroller has a CPU, in addition with a fixed amount of RAM,
ROM and other peripherals all embedded on a single chip. At times it is also
termed as a mini computer or a computer on a single chip. Today different
manufacturers produce microcontrollers with a wide range of features available in
different versions. Some manufacturers are ATMEL, Microchip, TI, Freescale,
Philips, Motorola etc.
In terms of cost is not justified. Undoubtedly a microcontroller is far
cheaper than a microprocessor. However microcontroller cannot be used in place
of microprocessor and using a microprocessor is not advised in place of a
microcontroller as it makes the application quite costly. Microprocessor cannot be
used stand alone. They need other peripherals like RAM, ROM, buffer, I/O ports
etc and hence a system designed around a microprocessor is quite costly.
3. What is the Function of Arduino?
Functions allow structuring the programs in segments of code to perform
individual tasks. The typical case for creating a function is when one needs to
perform the same action multiple times in a program.
Standardizing code fragments into functions has several advantages −
 Functions help the programmer stay organized. Often this helps to
conceptualize the program.
 Functions codify one action in one place so that the function only has to be
thought about and debugged once.
 This also reduces chances for errors in modification, if the code needs to
be changed.
 Functions make the whole sketch smaller and more compact because
sections of code are reused many times.
 They make it easier to reuse code in other programs by making it modular,
and using functions often makes the code more readable.
4. How Many Types of Arduino? Mention it!
 There are 12 kinds of arduino board, they are:
1. arduino uno 7. Arduino nano
2. arduino due 8. Arduino mini
3. arduino mega 9. Arduino micro
4. arduino leonardo 10. Arduino ethernet
5. arduino fio 11. Arduino esplora
6. arduino lilypad 12. Arduino robot
5. Mention the Arduino Advantages!
* Cheap - Arduino boards (hardware) are usually sold relatively cheaply
(between 125 thousand to 400 thousand rupiahs) compared to other pro
microcontroller platforms. If you want it to be cheaper, of course you can make it
yourself and that is very possible because all the resources to create Arduino are
available on the Arduino website even on other Arduino community websites. Not
only suitable for Windows, but also suitable for working on Linux.
* Simple and easy programming - Please note that the programming
environment in Arduino is easy to use for beginners, and is quite flexible for those
who are already advanced. For teachers / lecturers, Arduino is based on the
Processing programming environment, so if students or students are accustomed to
using Processing, of course it will be easy to use Arduino.
* Open Source software - Arduino IDE software is published as Open
Source, available for experienced programmers for further development. The
language can be further developed through C ++ language-based libraries for
AVR.
* Hardware Open Source - Arduino hardware based on ATMEGA8
microcontrollers, ATMEGA168, ATMEGA328 and ATMEGA1280 (the latest
ATMEGA2560). Thus anyone can make it (and then be able to sell it) this Arduino
hardware, especially the bootloader is available directly from the Arduino IDE
software. You can also use a breadoard to make an Arduino device along with
other peripherals that are needed.
6. When Arduino board founded?
On the 1st april 2004 smart projects srl was founded, smar project made
the first batch of 100 wiring boards of idii to teach physical computing in 2004,
and then in 1st october 2016 the arduino company was founded and become the
manufacturer of the arduino boards
The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the
Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy,aiming to provide a low-cost and
easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their
environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices
intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion
detectors.
7. Who is the Inventor of Arduino?
Banzi the founder, assisted by Nicholas Zambetti, another student at IDII,
undertook and developed a project in which they designed a platform and
environment for microcontroller boards (“Boards”) to replace the Wiring
Development Project. Banzi gave the project its name, the ARDUINO project.
8. Mention & Explain the Part of Arduino Board
Reset Button: Much like turning your computer off and on again, some problems
with the Arduino can be solved by pushing the reset button. This button will restart
the code currently uploaded on your Arduino. The reset button may be in a
different location on your board than in this diagram, but it is the only button.
USB Port: The USB port takes a standard A-to-B USB cable, often seen on
printers or other computer peripherals. The USB port serves two purposes: First, it
is the cable connection to a computer which allows you to program the board. The
USB cord will also provide power for the Arduino if you’re not using the power
port (described below).
Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator converts power plugged into the power
port (described below) into the 5 volts and 1 amp standard used by the Arduino.
BE CAREFUL! This component gets very hot.
Power Port: The power port includes a barrel-style connector which allows for
either power straight from a wall source (often called a wall-wart) or from a
battery. This power is used instead of the USB cable. The Arduino can take a wide
range of voltages (5V – 20V) but will be damaged if power higher than that is
connected.
Built-in LEDs: The LEDS indicate that there is power, and if your Arduino is
sending or receiving data.
Digital I/O pins: The holes on this side of the board are called the digital
input/output pins They are used to either sense the outside world (input) or control
lights, sounds, or motors (output).
TX/RX pins: Pin 0 and Pin 1 are special pins labeled TX and RX. We will cover
this in more detail later, but it is good practice to leave these pins empty. Any
changes you make to your program won’t load if something is plugged into Pin 0.
ATmega328P, black chip: The black chip in the middle of the board is an
ATmega328P. This is the “brains” of the Arduino: it interprets both the inputs /
outputs and the programming code uploaded onto your Arduino. The other
components on the board allow you to communicate with this chip when creating
projects.
Power and ground pins: All of the pins related to power are located here. You
can use these pins to run power from your Arduino to your breadboard circuit.
Analog pins: These pins take sensor readings in a range of values (analog), rather
than just sending whether something is just on or off (digital).
9. Practice How to Use Arduino Board!
The example of arduino used to control the light emitting diode a.k.a led,
to control it we need to create a modular pieces of code by arduino programs` led
we can control the light of led, directions, left to the right or right to the left and
other complex directions.
10. What is the Price of Arduino Board?
1.Definition:
Glove is one of the functions in the field of work. This tool is useful for protecting
hands from objects that are sharp and applicable today, when choosing gloves there
are several factors that need to be used, including materials used for corrosive
materials, hot, cold, sharp or rough because of the tools Different protectors can be
made of rubber, leather or cotton cloth.
2. Benefits / Functions:
Useful as a tool that can be used when working in the same place. Material and
shape of gloves are adjusted to the function of each job.
3. Various Models / Types of Gloves:
A. Leather Gloves, Its function is to count from rough surfaces.
b. Vinyl Gloves and Neoprene, Its function is to protect hands from dangerous and
dangerous chemicals.
c. Rubber Gloves, Serves to protect when working / dealing with electricity.
d. Upholstered Gloves, Functioning to protect hands in terms of being sharp,
bumpy or dirty.
e. Heat Resistant Goves, Serves to protect hands from heat or fire.
f. Latex Gloves, Functioning to protect hands from bacteria and germs.
g. Metal Mesh Gloves, Functioning to protect hands from sharp objects and also
cut off due to objects
4. Gloves Material:
Polyvinyl chloride and plasticizer (PBC plastic).
Natural rubber from rubber trees.
From synthesis material.
From textile materials.
5. How to choose the right and good gloves:
Choose gloves of high quality material.
Choose the size that fits the size of your hand.
Choose neat stitches, because it will be very dangerous for children.
Choose gloves that are suitable for use such as gloves for work or driving, both the
type of material and the shape.
Maintaining the surface of your palm is quite safe and strong.
Also make sure the gloves you choose are comfortable to wear. Then try to move
all of your fingers and your hands are not hurt because they are pinched by stitches
on the joint
Better to choose gloves that are complete up to the front. So that the hands can be
protected to the maximum.

6. Advantages and disadvantages of gloves:

Advantages:
Gloves made from materials that have a higher resistance. Synthetic Glove
provides better benefits for chemicals and biohazard. These gloves are also more
resistant to sharp objects and are difficult to tear.
Deficiency:
Deficiencies in the Glove are not biodegradable.
Biodegradable is waste that can be completely broken down by biological
processes both aerobic and anaerobic.

7. As a result if you don't wear gloves while working:

If you don't use the Glove when lifting dangerous items that are sharp, rough,
slippery, or jagged, it can be dangerous. When not wearing gloves, and hands
holding one sharp object, the hands can damage the scratches of the object, then
bleed. If the object is slippery, it takes objects that fall and will hit the foot

8. Tips on Caring for Gloves:

Put gloves on the place after use.
Clean gloves regularly.
Check the glove before you clean the glove with no disability in the glove

9. Price of Gloves:
Polkadot Gloves: Rp. 35,000 / dozen
Polkadot Glove with PVC spots and no.
Super Nitril Glove: Rp. 30,000 / pairs
Super Nitrile Glove for working with mild chemicals.
Victor Gloves: Rp. 120,000 / pairs
Anti-electric gloves with durability of up to 3000volt.
Ironclad / Heavy Duty Gloves: Rp. 360,000 / pair.