JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Chapter II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature that were used to analyze

and discuss the emergent themes of the study.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this, shows the concept and variables of the effect

of the transportation problem to commuters which is the Senior High School Student.

Commuters

Transportation

Problems on transportation Effects of transportation

Problems to student

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework (Literature Map)

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Commuters.

They are the passenger that are saving time for their wok, in their school

Or sometimes are those passenger that are hurrying for important matter. One of the

commuters in the society is the students that they need to commute so that they’re not

going to be late in their subject. According to Lisco (1968) that people who live outside

the city are willing to pay at rate approaching 50 percent to their wage rate just to save

their time.

Students who choose to commute have many different reasons, one of this is

family commitments, financial status, or because they’re not ready to stand by their own

way. According to McCorkle and Mason (2009) those who living in a residence hall is a

great reward for the student but can be one of the worst experiences as well.

Some of the Commuters are live in outside the Koronadal city. They need to get a

public van or maybe a public a tricycle. They experienced lots of social interaction to

others. According to Wilcox et al. (2006) it point to the importance of social

relationships developed through university residential accommodation in relation to

student retention.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Commuter student need to have a financial support for his travel. According to

Tinto (1999) student need a financial support whether it comes his or her earing,

parents, or a spouse. In this case they need to be thrifty in order to manage their

allowance.

Commuters student also need a high grade for their academics performance that

maybe it’s hard for them being a commuters. According to Nonis and Hudson (2010) the

students’ academic performance levels decreased when they are commuters. It is

challenging for them being a commuters.

Transportation.

Transportation helps us to travel in the certain place it also help us to go in our

school on time. According to Wikipedia “The Transportation is a movement of human”.

So transportation is the other half of our movements. It is an act, a process or instance

of transporting or being transported. Transportation is important because it facilitates

trade, exchange and travel. This is the only thing or something important that we can

use in emergency time.

Transportation is helping the student to go in their school on time. Ride them

safely and make them comfortable. According to Minogue (1998) and Foley(2004) the

transport has a fundamental role in achieving social equity.

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Not just in achieving social equity but also a fundamental factors in human

life. According to Hoyle and Knowles (1998) transportation is considered as one of the

fundamental factors in human life which can affect a successful performance in our

activities. These form fundamental requirements of today’s globalized society.

Transportation has an important role in the Students, because students that are

commute everyday it helps them to go in their destination faster. But the transportation

in Koronadal are not good. According to Omics (2014) Transportation in the Philippines

is relatively underdeveloped, partly due to the country's mountainous areas and

scattered islands, and partly as a result of the government's persistent underinvestment

in the nation's infrastructure. In recent years, however, the Philippine government has

been pushing to improve the transportation system in the country through various

projects.

Transportation in the Philippines needs to improve. According J. Miller (2012)

The Philippines has seen improvement in the quality of its transport services, but a large

part of the road network remains poor condition and intermodal integration is generally

weak. That needs the government to find some way to improve.

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

One of transportation vehicle is the tricycle that has a 3wheels that can carry 4 to

6 persons. Tricycle can be a motorized form of transportation. Motorcycles in the

Filipino public transportation system can at times carry up to four passengers. And

according to Neele (2009) in transportation, reducing the number of passengers that

these modes of transportation are able to carry may improve safety.

Transportation Problem

There are many commuters in Notre Dame of Marbel University located in Rafael

Alunan Ave, Poblacion, Koronadal City, 9506 South Cotabato experience problem or

difficulties in riding in public tricycle due to the drivers just select who can ride in their

tricycle and it depends if you are only one to ride or you ride with your friend or

classmate. It cost late in Senior High School in their subject or when you are going

home at evening theirs no tricycle let you ride for you in your destination. Sometimes

they ride you but it cost 2times payment for you to ride, they think that it is deficit for

them to ride you from school to terminal if you are only one to ride. Student who living in

the far municipalities like 2.4 kilometer and the transportation are not so good have

difficulties in commuting to go to school. According Lin et al. (2013) determined that the
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

distance from the school impacts the academic success of the pupil, as those living

further from schools have as those living further from schools have poorer academic

success than those pupils living near the school.

The Senior high school commuters experienced difficulties in transportation by

paying expensive cost when they riding in tricycle by their own. According to Nihon

Ronen Igakkai Zasshi (1996) Social inactivity may result from personal factors such as

physical condition and from environmental factors such as limited means of

transportation.

One of the transportation problem are those vehicle that travel in faraway

municipalitie. According to Gašparović (2014) those student who live in faraway

municipality had more problems in terms of public transportation that can affect their

academics success. Also according (Markuš, 2009) attendance of classes will also

impact academic success. Frequent absences from classes disturb the continuity of

learning and will certainly reflect on the pupil's work.

Senior High School students want to consume quality education in Notre Dame

of Marbel Univerisity but transport problems including transportation cost affect where

education produced. According to Babarović, et al., (2010) Academic success is an

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

important factor in the life of every pupil, as it forms the precondition for future

educational and professional success, and of life overall

The Senior High School student is facing a problem while commuting like lack of

discipline of the driver. According to C Natividad (2017)The lack of discipline that drivers

have, which greatly contributes to the heavy flow of traffic, points back to how Filipinos

unknowingly cause the problems which they continuously gripe about.

According Lin et al. (2013) determined that the distance from the school impacts

the academic success of the pupil, as those living further from schools have as those

living further from schools have poorer academic success than those pupils living near

the school.

Effect of the problem

The effects of this problem are those drivers who want to make their tricycle full

of passenger it can cause to the student late in their subject, lack of transportation

vehicle and lack of discipline of the public transportation driver. These issues may also

reflect on the pupil's academic success. According to Babarović, et al., (2010)

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

academic success is an important factor in the life of every pupil, as it forms the

precondition for future educational and professional success, and of life overall.

In every individual Senior High School students who live in faraway

municipalities had a struggles in riding a public transportation vehicle , that can affect

in their attendance that very important performance in his/her grade. According to

Mugoro and Johanes transportation problems can affects the student school attendance

which is very important as a student.

The selection of the means of travelling to school will depend on many factors,

though primarily on the distance between the pupil's home and the school (van

Goeverden and de Boer, 2013).

Our time that spent in travelling that can be wasting of time if there is a

transportation problem. The time that you need to be arrive early to the school but there

is a transportation problem that can cause of late to us. According to Jones (2006)

attendance is priority for educators. Example is when the tricycle driver is waiting for

another passenger or several times you are rejected to get a ride in a tricycle driver.

Also according to Van Goeverden and de Boer, (2013) the level of services of public
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

transport is often significantly lower in the city periphery than in parts of the city nearer

the center (lower frequency of vehicles, poorer organization of transport lines, etc.

Being rejected to get a ride in public transportation vehicle like tricycle can affects

in the students. According to Mchelu and Abdalah (2015) that student who has a long

commuting faced alot of challenges that affected their academic performance. Factors

like lateness, tiredness, tardiness, truancy, and unfair treatment, incompletion of class

work, frequent school transfers and drop outs were reported to affect them a lot

academically

Transportation of this day has a fundamental factor to that student who commute

every day. According to e.g. Gašparović, (2014-2017) The problem of transport

disadvantage from the aspect of transport disadvantaged people, analyzing to the

problem of young people have in everyday life due to transport and due to living location

in the city center and city periphery.

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Definition of Terms

Problem. The problem in the research are the difficulties experienced by Senior High

School student that effect their standard as a student.

Transportation Problem. The transportation problem are it’s difficult to get a public

tricycle when there a single passenger Senior high School or they need to pay double. It

is not easy to get public tricycle that you are the only one to ride.

Effect of Transportation Problem. Senior High School student tend to suffer from this

problem. The time issue specifically and also the vehicle that’s been used. Public

transportation tricycle were very critical to use but students were trying their best to

cope with this certain issue.

Senior High School Student. It is the student in the highest grades before college.

Also they are one who experienced of difficulties and the problem of transportation.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

W. Badge Retrieve http://humphreyreview.umn.edu