Babylon University

Faculty of Nursing

Report about Family Planning in Primary

Health Care

(Specialty: Clinical Requirement)

Prepared by Ph.D. student of Family and Community Health

Nursing, Faculty of Nursing / University of Babylon

Husain Mansour Ali

Supervision

Prof. D. Amin Ajeel Al-Yasiri

 What is Family Planning?

Family planning is when both the husband and wife together discuss and mutually
decide how many children they would like to have and when, so that they can give
sufficient love, care, attention and good education to each of their children.
· Family planning is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the
treatment of infertility (inability to have children)
· Planning when and how many children to have is the couple's responsibility, not
just the man's or woman's
· Family planning is just as important for newly married couples as it is for those
who already have one or more children. It enables young people to delay their first
child till they are prepared to take up the responsibilities of raising a child.

Five situations to avoid when planning a pregnancy

1. When women are too young (less than 20 years)
2. When women are too old (more than 35 years)
3. When pregnancies are too close together (less than two years difference between
two children)
4. When pregnancy is too soon after a miscarriage or an abortion (less than six
months)
5. When pregnancies are too many (four or more children)

Family Planning Goals and Contraceptive Methods

Family planning goals of individuals and couples may vary and can include:
— Delaying the first pregnancy
— Spacing between births
— Limiting family size (not having any more children)
 Contraceptive choices available to couples are to either postpone the first
pregnancy, space between pregnancies or limiting family size Methods
for spacing pregnancies or delaying first pregnancy:
  Condoms
 Pills
 LAM
 SDM ( also called Mala Chakra)
 Injectables
 IUD (Copper-T) (long acting method)
 Limiting Method
 Female Sterilization or Tubectomy
 Male Sterilization or Vasectomy
Benefits of family planning / contraception
Promotion of family planning – and ensuring access to preferred contraceptive
methods for women and couples – is essential to securing the well-being and
autonomy of women, while supporting the health and development of
communities.
Preventing pregnancy-related health risks in women
A woman’s ability to choose if and when to become pregnant has a direct impact
on her health and well-being. Family planning allows spacing of pregnancies and
can delay pregnancies in young women at increased risk of health problems and
death from early childbearing. It prevents unintended pregnancies, including those
of older women who face increased risks related to pregnancy. Family planning
enables women who wish to limit the size of their families to do so. Evidence
suggests that women who have more than 4 children are at increased risk of
maternal mortality.
By reducing rates of unintended pregnancies, family planning also reduces the need
for unsafe abortion.
Reducing infant mortality
Family planning can prevent closely spaced and ill-timed pregnancies and births,
which contribute to some of the world’s highest infant mortality rates. Infants of
mothers who die as a result of giving birth also have a greater risk of death and
poor health.
Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS
Family planning reduces the risk of unintended pregnancies among women living
with HIV, resulting in fewer infected babies and orphans. In addition, male and
female condoms provide dual protection against unintended pregnancies and
against STIs including HIV.
Empowering people and enhancing education
Family planning enables people to make informed choices about their sexual and
reproductive health. Family planning represents an opportunity for women to
pursue additional education and participate in public life, including paid
employment in non-family organizations. Additionally, having smaller families
allows parents to invest more in each child. Children with fewer siblings tend to
stay in school longer than those with many siblings.
Reducing adolescent pregnancies
Pregnant adolescents are more likely to have preterm or low birth-weight babies.
Babies born to adolescents have higher rates of neonatal mortality. Many
adolescent girls who become pregnant have to leave school. This has long-term
implications for them as individuals, their families and communities.
Slowing population growth
Family planning is key to slowing unsustainable population growth and the
resulting negative impacts on the economy, environment, and national and
regional development efforts.
References

1. Bajos, Nathalie; Le Guen, Mireille; Bohet, Aline; Panjo, Henri; Moreau,

Caroline (2014). "Effectiveness of Family Planning Policies: The
Abortion Paradox". PLoS ONE. 9 (3):
e91539. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091539. PMC 3966771. PMID 24
670784.
2. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2006). "Recommendations to improve preconception health and
health care — United States: a report of the CDC/ATSDR
Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on
Preconception Care" (PDF). MMWR. 55 (RR-6).
3. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Expenditures on Children by Families, 2007;
Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2007". United States
Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.