1.

0 APPLICABILITY

For both the feasibility study and a pre-project study the engineer will be required to evaluate a
pump selection and fill in a data sheet with the basic information.

In order to provide the basis of a good and layout estimate it is important to understand the type
and number of pumps for the service in consideration, and the associated power requirements.

2.0 DESCRIPTION AND GUIDELINES NOTES

TYPES OF PUMPS

Generally, there are three classes of pumps

Centrifugal Rotary Reciprocating

1 Centrifugal Cam Piston
2 Propeller Screw Plunger
3 Mixed flow Gear Diaphragm
4 Peripheral Vane
5 Turbine Lobe

A pump selection is shown in Figure 1.

GENERAL USAGE

Centrifugal Pumps (Process Pumps)

- Medium to high capacity for low to medium head requirements.

- Higher head requirements can be met by using multistage Impellers.
- General Service for all liquids, hydrocarbons, products, water, boiler feed.
- Simple, low cost, even flow, small floor space, quiet, easy, maintenance.

Rotary Pumps

- Many proprietary designs available for specific services.

- Essentially can handle clean fluids only with small suspended solids if any. Can pump
liquids with dissolved gases or vapour phase.
- Can handle wide range of viscosities up to 500,000 SSU at high pressure.
- Typical fluids pumped: mineral, vegetable, animal oils, grease, glucose, viscose, paints,
molasses, alcohol, mayonnaise, soap, vinegar and tomato ketchup!
- Generally, specialist pumps for specific requirements.

Reciprocating pumps

- Pumps produce virtually any discharge head up to limit of driver power and strength of
pistons and casings.
- Overall efficiency is higher than centrifugal pumps. Flexibility is limited.
- Piston pumps: can be single or doubling acting. Used for low pressure light duty or
intermittent services. Less expensive than plunger design but cannot handle gritty.
- Plunger pumps: high pressure, heavy duty or continuous service usage. Suitable for gritty
or foreign material. Expensive.
- Diaphragm pump: driven parts are sealed from fluid by plastic or rubber diaphragm. No
seals no leakage. Ideal for toxic or hazardous material. Can be pneumatically driven at
slow speeds for delicate fluids.
- Triplex pumos: commonly used for TEG circulations.
1. FLUID CHARACTERISTICS
- Always quote at pumping temperature ie: normal suction T.
2. SUCTION PRESSURE
- Evaluate at pump suction flange

𝑃𝑠 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝 + 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 − 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠

𝑃𝑜𝑝 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎)
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑: 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑠𝑔
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 (𝑏𝑎𝑟) = ℎ2(𝑚)𝑥
10.197
Line loss: evaluate ∆P line for bends, fittings, etc: for estimate use 0.1 bar/100 m.

3. NET POSTIVE SUCTION HEAD

- NPSH available (NPSHA) is evaluated by the engineer, NPSHR required is stated by the
vendor. Always try to provide 0.6-1m NPSH more than vendor states.
- Vapour correction is calculated by substracting the vapour pressure of the fluid being
pumped from the calculated suction pressure. Convert this to m head. For a fluid at
bubble point the vapour pressure=Pop
- Head (m) =bar x 10.197/SG
- NPSHA=static head – line loss + vapour correction

4. DISCHARGE PRESSURE
- Delivery pressure: use maximum Pop of destination vessel.
- Static head h3: heaight of delivery point above pump or if a submerged discharge into a
vessel the height of the HLL.
- ∆P discharge line: calculation based on line length, fitting etc or use minimum of 0.5 bar.
- ∆P exchangers, heaters, etc: use allowable ∆P from equipment data sheets, estimate 0.7-
1.0 bar if not available.
- ∆P orifices: for flow meters use 0.2-0.4 bar.
- ∆P control valves: use maximum value of 0.7 bar, or 20% of dynamic friction losses or 10%
of pump ∆P.
- TOTAL DISCHARGE PRESSURE: sum of all above ∆P values.
 5. DIFFERENTIAL HEAD
- Differential pressure=discharge pressure-suction pressure
- Differential head = Differential pressure x 10.197/ sg

6. FLOWRATE
- Normal flowrate is maximum long term operating flow (m3/h)
- Design flowrate is normal flowrate + design margin.
- Design margin:
o 10% for feed pumop or transfer pumps.
o 20% reflux pumps and boiler feed water pumps.

7. POWER REQUERIMENTS

Note: although the term hosepower is still used, power requirements are given in kW for
metric calculations.

- Hydraulic horsepower= theoretical fluid HP = design flow x Diff. press/ 36 (kW)

- Brake hosepower (BHP) = hydraulic HP/np pump efficiency (kW)
- Operating load = electric input to electric driver at normal pump operating load = BHP/ nm
motor efficiency Kw.
- Connected load: electrical power to motor at rated motor size (kW)
- Note pump speeds are either 1450 rpm or 2900 rpms (50 Hz electrical frequency)

8. MAXIMUM DISCHARGE PRESSURE (shut off pressure)

- Estimated shut off pressure: max suction pressure (design pressure of upstream item +
head calculated HLL and SG maximum) + 120% x normal pump ∆P
9. PUMP MINIMUM FLOW
- For an estimate use 30% of normal flow.
10. PUMP WEIGHTS
- For an estimation purpose only Figure 4 can be used to determine the weight of a
centrifugal pump package.