Department of Zoology B.Sc., M.Sc., M.Phil, M.Sc. Microbiology

Department of Zoology
B.Sc., IMB
M.Sc., Zoology
M.Phil Zoology
M.Sc., Microbiology
B.Sc., Industrial
Microbiology
972
THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE, MADURAI – 9.
(Re-Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC)
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
(From 2014-2017 batch onwards)
BACHELOR OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
Semester – I
Max Max
Code Hrs/ Cred. Total
Course Subject Mark Marks Total
No Week Hrs
CA SE
Part I
P111 Ikkala Ilakkiyam 6 3 90 25 75 100
Tamil
Part II English Through
P211 6 3 90 25 75 100
English Prose
General
Core IMB11 5 4 75 25 75 100
Microbiology
Lab in General
Core lab IMBL11 3 2 60 40 60 100
Microbiology
Allied Chemistry I 4 4 30 25 75 100
Allied lab Chemistry Practical 2 - 30 - - -
VE I VE 1 Value Education -I 2 2 30 15 35 50
Environmental
EVS EVS 2 2 30 15 35 50
Studies
TOTAL 30 20
Semester – II
Max Max
Hrs/ Cred. Total
Course Code No Subject Mark Marks Total
Week Hrs
CA SE
Bhakthi
Part I
P121 Illakiyamum 6 3 90 25 75 100
Tamil
Sitrillakiyam
Part II English Through
P221 6 3 90 25 75 100
English Drama
Biological
Core IMB21 5 4 60 25 75 100
chemistry
Core Lab IMBL21 Lab in Biological 3 2 60 25 75 100
chemistry
Allied Chemistry 4 4 30 25 75 100
Chemistry
Allied lab 2 2 30 40 60 100
Practical
Core Medical
IMBME1 2 2 30 15 35 50
Elective I Microbiology I
Skill
IMB
Based Biostatistics 2 3 45 15 35 50
SBE21
Elective I
TOTAL 30 23
973
Semester – III
Max Max
Hrs/ Cred. Total
Week Hrs
CA SE
Part I Tamil P131 Kappiya Illakiyam 6 3 90 25 75 100
Part II P231 English Through
6 3 90 25 75 100
English Poetry
Core IMB31 Bioinstrumentaion 4 4 60 25 75 100
IMBL31 Lab in
Core Lab 2 2 30 40 60 100
Bioinstrumentaion
Allied Botany 4 4 60 25 75 100
Allied Botany Practical 2 - 30 - - -
Core IMBME2 Biodegradation and 2 2 45 15 35 50
Elective II Bioremediation
Value
Education VE 2 Value Education -II 2 2 30 15 35 50
II
Non Major NME31 Human Genetics
2 2 30 15 35 50
Elective I (except IMB)
TOTAL 30 22
Semester – IV
Max Max
Hrs/ Cred. Total
Course Code No Subject mark Mark Total
Week Hrs
CA SE
Part I P141 Pandai Illakiyam 6 3 90 25 75 100
Tamil
Part II P241 English Through
6 3 90 25 75 100
English Fiction
IMB41 Molecular Biology&
Core 4 4 60 25 75 100
Microbial Genetics
Lab in Molecular
Core Lab IMBL41 Biology& Microbial 2 2 30 40 60 100
Genetics
Allied Botany 4 4 60 25 75 100
Allied Botany Practical 2 2 30 40 60 100
Core
Elective - IMBME3 Medical Microbiology 2 2 30 15 35 50
II
III
Skill Based ZSBE42 Bioinformatics 2 3 45 15 35 50
Elective II
Non Major NME 42 Health Education
2 2 15 15 35 50
Elective II (except IMB)
Total 30 25
974
Semester – V
Max Max
Code Hrs/ Cred. Total
Course Subject Mark Marks Total
No Week Hrs
CA SE
Core IMB51 Microbial Physiology 5 4 75 25 75 100
IMB52 Bioprocess
Core 5 4 75 25 75 100
Technology-I
IMB53 Clinical Lab
Core 5 4 75 25 75 100
Technology
Core IMB54 Food Microbiology 4 4 60 25 75 100
Lab in Microbial
CoreLab IMBL51 Physiology & Food 3 2 45 40 60 100
Microbiology
IMBL52 Lab in Bioprocess
CoreLab 3 2 45 40 60 100
Technology-I
IMBL53 Lab in Clinical Lab
CoreLab 3 2 45 40 60 100
Technology
Value VE 3 Value Education -III 2 2 30 15 35 50
Edu III
Self Study SS51 (Extra
Health and Hygiene - - - 100 100
Paper 5)*
Total 30 24
* Carries Extra 5 credits that do not form part mandatory credits (140) required for completion of
the course.
Semester – VI
Max Max
Hrs/ Cred. Total
Week Hrs
CA SE
Core IMB61 Immunology 5 4 75 25 75 100
Core IMB62 Biotechnology 5 4 75 25 75 100

IMB63 Agricultural
Core 5 4 75 25 75 100
Microbiology
IMB64 Bioprocess
Core 4 4 60 25 75 100
Technology-II
CoreLab IMBL61 Lab in Immunology 3 2 45 40 60 100
IMBL62 Lab in
CoreLab 3 2 45 40 60 100
Biotechnology
IMBL63 Lab in Agricultural
CoreLab 3 2 45 40 60 100
Microbiology
Skill Based ZSBE 63 Nano
2 3 30 15 35 50
Elective III biotechnology
TOTAL 30 25
Part V 1
TOTAL CREDITS FOR SEMESTERS I to VI 140 (20+23+23+25+24+24+1)
975
A) CONSOLIDATION OF CONTACT HOURS AND CREDITS: UG
Semester Contact Hrs/ Week Credits
I 30 hrs. 20
II 30 hrs. 23
III 30 hrs. 22
IV 30 hrs. 25
V 30 hrs. 24
VI 30 hrs. 25
Part – V -- 1
Total 180 hrs 140
B) Curriculum Credits: Part wise
Part I Tamil 4x3 = 12 Credits

Part II English 4x3 = 12 Credits
Part III Core = 68 Credits (6+6+6+6+22+22)
Allied 5x4 = 20 Credits
Core Electives 3x3 = 09 Credits
Part IV Value Education 3x2 = 06 Credits
Environmental studies 1x2 = 02 Credits
Skill Based Electives 3x2 = 06 Credits
Non – Major Electives 2x2 = 04 Credits
Part V 1x1 = 01 Credits

____________
Total 140 Credits
_____________
Blue print of the total papers

Skill Non SS
Part Part Core Core Allied Allied Major Value Env
Sem based Major Paper Total
I II Theor Pract Theor Pract Elective Educ Stud
Elective Elective
I 1 1 1 1 1 (1) --- --- --- 1 1 -- 7
II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 --- - - - 8
III 1 1 1 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 - - 8
IV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- -- -- 9
V -- --- 4 3 -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- opt 8(1)
VI -- --- 4 3 -- -- -- 1 -- -- 8
Tot
4 4 12 10 4 2 3 3 2 3 1 -- 48(1)
Hrs.
Tot
12 12 48 20 16 4 9 6 4 6 2 5* 139+1
Cred
976
B.Sc., Industrial Microbiology
Course : IMB (Core Paper-1) Int. Marks : 25
Year & Sem. : I Year; I Sem. Ext. Marks : 75
Sub. Code : IMB11 Max. Marks : 100
Hours/Week :5 No of Credits :4
Title of the Paper : General Microbiology
Course Objectives:
 To learn the fundamentals of microbiology
 To understand the classification, structural organization, reproduction of bacteria, fungi &
viruses
Unit I
History of Microbiology - Discovery of microorganisms (Robert Hooke & Leeuwenhoek).
Contributions of Francesco Redi, John Needham, Splallanzani, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch,
Edward Jenner, Paul Ehrlich, Alexander Fleming, Dubos and Winogradsky.
Classification based on – Carolus Linnaeus, Carl Woese and Robert H. Whittaker (Five
Kingdom system).
Unit II
Outline classification for bacteria as per the second edition of Bergey‟s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology. -Structural organization of bacteria – Size, shape and arrangement of bacterial
cells -Ultrastructure of a bacterial cell - cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleoid,
capsule, flagella, fimbriae, spores and cysts. -Growth of bacterial culture – Physical &
Chemical requirements for growth; Phases of growth
Unit III
Classification of viruses - General characteristics of viruses -General Morphology – Helical,
polyhedral, complex -Animal viruses - Morphology and structure of Influenza virus -Plant
viruses - Morphology and structure of TMV -Bacteriophage - Morphology and structure of
T4 Bacteriophage -Brief study of Viriods and Prions
Unit IV
Classification of Fungi (Alexopoulos and Mims). -Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi –
Filamentous, non-filamentous & dimorphic fungi -Morphology and structure of Aspergillus
niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. -Growth condition and cultivation methods of fungi.
Industrial uses of yeasts and molds.
Unit V
Classification of Algae (Chapman and Chapman). -Characteristics of Algae-Morphology and
structure of Chlorella & Anabaena. -Biological and economic importance of algae.-General
structure of Lichens.-Biological and economic importance of Lichens.
Text Books
1. Pelczar, M.J., E.C.S. Chan and N.R. Kreig. 2009. Microbiology, fifth edition. McGraw-Hill. Book Co.
Singapore
2. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R. and Case, C.L. 2009. Microbiology: An Introduction. 9 th Edition, Pearson Education,
Singapore
Reference Books
1. Alcamo, I.E. 2001. Fundamentals of Microbiology, sixth edition, Addison wesley Longman, Inc. California
2. Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims and M.Blackwell. 2000. Introductory Mycology. fifth edition John Wiley &
Sons. Chichester.
3. Atlas, R.A. and Bartha, R. 2000. Microbial Ecology. Fundamentals and Application, Benjamin Cummings, New
York.
4. Black, J.G.2005. Microbiology-principles and explorations, 6th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York
5. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. 2010. A Text Book of Microbiology. S Chand, New Delhi.
6. Johri, R.M., Snehlatha, Sandhya Shrama, 2010. A Textbook of Algae. Wisdom Press, New Delhi.
7. Kanika Sharma, 2011. Textbook of Microbiology – Tools and Techniques. 1st edition, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
8. Madigan, M.T., Martinkl, J.M. and Parker, J. 2009. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 12th Edition, MacMillan
Press, England.
9. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. 2008. Microbiology (7th edition) McGraw Hill, Newyork.
10. Schlegel, H.G. 2008. General Microbiiology, Cambridge University Press,U.K.
11. Stanier, R.Y., Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L. 1991. General Microbiology, 5th Ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
977
Course : IMB (Core Lab) Int. Marks : 40

Year & Sem. : I Year; I sem Ext. Marks : 60
Sub. Code : IMBLI1 Max. Marks : 100
Hours/Week :3 No of Credits : 2
Title of the Paper : Lab in General Microbiology
General Microbiology
1. Equipments needed for microbiology laboratory,
2. Laboratory safety and precautions.
3. Sterilization methods – moist heat, dry heat, filteration and radiation.
4. Preparation of culture media –solid (Selected and differential)and liquid
5. Aseptic transfer of microorganisms
6. Isolation of single colonies on solid media – Slant, Streak –Simple and Quadrant
7. Enumeration of bacterial numbers by serial dilution plating
8. Isolation of bacteria, actionomycetes and fungi from soil
9. Simple staining-Positive and negative
10. Differential staining –Gram staining
11. Spore staining
12. Capsule staining
13. Slide culture technique and fungal staining –Yeast and filamentous fungi
14. Microscopic observation of Algae- Nostoc and Spirullina
15. Bacterial motility-Hanging drop method
Reference Books
1. Cappuccino and Sherman, 2012. Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. 7th Edition,
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Gunasekaran, P. 2008. Laboratory Manual in Microbiology, New Age International (P)

Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi
3. Harry W. Seeley, J.R., Paul, J.VanDemark and John J.Lee. 1997. Microbes in Action – A
Laboratory Manual of Microbiology. W.H.Freeman and Company, New York
4. Kanika Sharma, 2009. Manual of Microbiology – Tools and Techniques. 2nd Edition, Ane
Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
978
Course : IMB Int. Marks : 15
Year & Sem. : I Year; I Sem Ext. Marks : 35
Sub. Code : ES Max. Marks : 50
Title of the Paper : Environmental Studies
Course objectives:
 To understand the structure and functions of ecosystem
 To understand the sources, effects and control measures of various types of
pollutants
Unit I
Definition and Scope of Environmental Studies – Ecology and Ecosystem – Structure of an
Ecosystem – Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – Causes of Biodiversity Loss
– Benefit and Conservation of Biodiversity
Unit II
Environmental problems and Management: Causes, effects and Control measures of : Air
pollution – Water Pollution – Noise Pollution – Nuclear Hazards. Solid waste management
and Waste Disposal methods. Climate change and Global Warming causes and Measures.
Waste and Plastics. Urban environmental problems and measures. Environmental
Legislations in India. Sustainable development and Inclusive growth.
Text Book
1. Kanagasabai, C.S. 2005.Environmental Studies. Rasee publishers. Madurai.
Reference Books
1. Sapru R.K.2001. Environment Management in India, Vol. I & Vol. II Ashish
publishers house, New Delhi.
2. Yogendra, N. and Srivastava, N. 1998. Environmental Pollution, Ashish

Publishing House. New Delhi.
979
Year & Sem. : I Year; II Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper: Biological Chemistry
Course Objective
 To introduce the structure and properties of various biomolecules
 To learn the concepts involved in the mechanism of enzyme action
Unit I
Biomolecules-interaction and bonding
Water –as biomolcule- molecular structure – non-covalent bonding – thermal and solvent
properties
Henderson – Hasselbach equation.
Biochemical buffers - phosphate buffers, Tris buffer, Acetate buffers.
Unit II
Classification: Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose & galactose – structure and isomerism -
biological importance.
Disaccharides-structure and biological importance of maltose, sucrose & lactose
Polysaccharides – structure and biological importance of homoglycans – starch, glycogen,
and heteroglycans - Agar and peptidoglycan.
Unit III
Amino acid – basic structure – classification based on polarity of R-group – Properties and
chemical reactions-zwitter ion - isoelectric PI, Stickland reaction.
Proteins – classification and important properties - levels of organization: primary, secondary
–psi & phi angle - Ramachandran Plot, tertiary and quaternary structure
Structure of purines and pyrimidines.
Unit IV
Classification of lipids – structure and biological importance of triacylglycerols,
phospholipids and Cholesterol Biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids. Saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids with an example.
Unit V
Enzymes – classification, properties – Mechanism of Enzyme action –Enzyme kinetics –
Michaelis and Menten equation – Factors influencing enzyme kinetics (substrate and enzyme
concentration, temperature and pH).
Enzyme – allosteric regulation and inhibition.
Vitamins–Types, deficiencies and Coenzymes
Text Books:
1. Ambika Shanmugam, 1998, Fundamentals of Biochemistry for Medical students,
Published by the Author, Madras.
2. Satyanarayana, U. and Chakrapani, U. 2009. Biochemistry, Books and Allied Pvt.
Ltd., Kolkata.
Reference Books:
1. Campbell and Farrell 2008. Biochemistry Cengage Learning India (P) ltd. New Delhi.
2. Conn, E.E., P.K.Stumpf, G.Bruening and R.H.Doi, 1999. Outline of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., New York.
3. Deb, A.C. 2011. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 10th Edition, New Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd.,
Kolkata.
4. Jain, J.L., Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain. 2010. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, S. Chand
and Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
5. Mckee, T., and J.R.Mckee, 1996, Biochemistry an Introduction, C.Brown Publishers, London.
6. Nelson, D.L., and M.M.Cox, 2010, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th edition, Worth
Publishers, New York.
7. Ramarao, A.V.S.S. and Suryalakshmi, A 2009. Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students, 11 th
UVS Publishers Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Rastogi, S.C.2010. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New Delhi.
9. Stryer, L., 2000. Fourth edition Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
10. Voet, D., and J.G.Voet, 1995,Biochemistry, second edition John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York.
11. Zubay, G. 1993, Biochemistry, 3rd edition . C.Brown Publishers, London
980
Course : IMB (Core Lab) Int. Marks : 40
Sub. Code : IMBL21 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Lab in Biological Chemistry
1. Preparation of buffers
2. Biochemical characterization of a bacteria-IMViC, oxidase and catalase
3. Starch, casein and lipid hydrolysis
4. Extraction and Identification of aminoacids and lipids by TLC.
5. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates and proteins
6. Qualitative analysis of proteins
7. Qualitative analysis of lipids
8. Preparation of standard graph for carbohydrats, proteins and lipids.
9. Quantitative estimation carbohydrates
10. Quantitative estimation proteins
11. Quantitative estimation lipids
12. Estimation of Alkaline phosphatase activity
13. Vitamin-C assay
Reference Books:
1. Anonymous. Open Universiteit .2004, Netharland Analysis of Amino acids, Proteins and
Nucleic acids, Elsevier.
2. Boyer, R.F. 2012 Modern Experimental Biochemistry, Pearson Education, India.
3. Dua, S and N.Garg 2010 Biochemical methods of analysis, Narosa Publishing, New
Delhi
4. Nigam and A.Ayyagai 2007. Lab Manual in Biochemistry, Immunology and

Biotechnology. Tata McGraw- Hill Publication, New Delhi
5. Plummer, D.T. 2008 An Introdction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw- Hill

Publication, New Delhi
6. Wilson K and J.Walker 2008. Practical Biochemistry, Cambridge State University Press,
U.K.
981
Course : IMB (Major Elective-I) Int. Marks : 15
Sub. Code : IMBME21 Max. Marks : 50
Title of the Paper: Medical Microbiology-1
Course Objectives:
 To learn about different bacteria and virus of medical importance
 To understand the pathogenesis mechanism of different pathogens
Unit : I
General Characters, mode of transmission, symptoms, control and epidemiology of Gram
positive and Gram negative bacteria; Gram positive cocci –Streptococci, Anaerobic –
Clostridia.
Gram negative bacteria - Enteric gram negative bacilli – Vibrio, Salmonella
Unit : II
Morphology and pathogenesis of

DNA viruses –Hapadna virus – Hepatitis B virus
RNA viruses –Retrovirus – HIV
Viral zoonoses - Japanese encephalitis, rabies.
Activities- Visit to clinical lab
Text Books:
1. Ananthanarayanan and Jeyaram Paniker C.K. 2009. Text Book of Microbiology, 8th
Edition, Orient Longman, Chennai.
2. Chakraborty P., 1995. A Text Book of Microbiology, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd., Calcutta.
Reference Books
1. Collee, J.G., A.G.Fraser, B.P.Marmion, A.Simmons, 1996. Mackie and McCartney,

Practical Medical Microbiology, Fortieth edition, Churchill Lingstone.
2. David Greenwood, Richard C.B., Slack, John F. Pertherer, 2009. A Guide to Microbial
infections, pathogenesis, immunity, lab diagnosis and control-17th edition.
3. Dimmock, N.J., A.J. Easton, K.N.Leppard. 2008. Introduction to modern virology.

Blackwell Science.U.K.
4. Jawetz E., J.C. Melnic and E.A. Adelberg, 2001, Review of Medical Microbiology,
Prentice Hall International Inc., USA.
982
Course : IMB (Skill Based Elective-1) Int. Marks : 15
Year & Sem : I Year; II sem. Ext. Marks : 35
Sub. Code : IMBSE21 Max. Marks : 50
Title of the Paper: Biostatistics
Course Objectives:
 To train the students to collect, organize and analyze data
 Learn to apply different statistical tools in presenting biological data
Unit I
Collection, Organization and Presentation of data-Table & Figure
Measures of central tendency; Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Dispersion and variability; Range
Deviation: Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation
Unit II
Chi-square test
Student “t” test
Correlation –-types- Karl Pearson and Regression
Anova-one way
Application of MS-Excel for basic statistical analysis
Text Books
1. Khan, I.A and Khanum, A., 2004, Fundamental of Bio- statistics, Ukaaz Publication,
New Delhi.
2. Palanichamy, S. Manoharan, M. 1994. Statistical methods for Biologists, Palani
Paramount Publications, Tamil Nadu.
Reference Books
1. Arora, P.N and P.K.Malhan 2008. Biostatistics. Himalaya Publications, Mumbai.

2. Gupta, S.P., 1987, Statistical Methods, thirty third edition, Sultan Chand and Sons
Publishers, New Delhi
3. Schelfer, W.C., 1980, Statistics for the Biological Science, Addition – Wesley Publishing
Company, London.
4. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1987, Introduction to Bio-statistics, W.H.Freeman and
Company, New York.
5. Zar, J.H. 2008.Biostatistical Analysis, Low Price Edition Pearson Education, India
983
Year & Sem. : II Year; III Sem. Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper: Bioinstrumentation
Course Objectives
 To learn the basic principles and applications of various instruments
 Helps to understand the working mechanism of the instruments
Principle, working mechanism and application of

Unit I
Compound (Dark and Light field), Phase Contrast, Fluorescent, Electron (Transmission
and Scanning), and Confocal Microscopy.
Unit II
pH meter
Centrifuge (Clinical, Density gradient and Ultra)
Quebec colony counter, GM counter, Liquid Scintillation counter
Incubator, Hot air oven, Autoclave, Sonicator, Lyophilizer, Filters (HEPA,membrane)
Unit III
Paper (Ascending, descending and circular), Thin layer, Column, gel filtration, ion
exchange, Gas and High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Unit IV
Colorimeter, Spectrophotometer (visible, ultravioet and infrared), Flame Photometer and
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Unit V
SDS – PAGE, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, 2-D Gel Electrophoresis, Gel Documentation,
PCR, FACS
Text Books
1. Jeyaraman, J., 1985. Lab. Manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
2. Plummer, D.T.2008.An Introdction to Practical Biochemistry,Tata McGraw- Hill Pub.New
Delhi
Reference Books:
1. Boyer, R.F. 1993, Modern Experimental Biochemistry, The Benjamin Cummings
Publishing Company, Inc., New York.
2. Chatwal, G.R and S.K.Anand 2009. Insturmental methods of Chemical Analysis,
Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
3. Mendham, J., Denney, R.C., Barnes, J.D. and Thomas, M.J.K. 2004. Vogel‟s Textbook
of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Pearson Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
4. Palanichamy, S. and Shanmugavelu, M. 2011. Principles of Biophysics, 2nd Edition,
Palani Paramount Publications, Palani.
5. Palanivel, P. 2000. Laboratory Manual for Analytical Biochemistry & Separation
Techniques, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.
6. Sawhney, S.K. and Nandhir singh, 2000. Introductory practical Biochemistry, Narosa
Publishing house, New Delhi.
7. Veerakumari, L. 2009. Bioinstrumentation. MJP Publishers, Chennai.
8. Warton, D.C. and McCarthy, R.E. 1972. Experiments and Methods in
Biochemistry.MacMillan, New York.
9. Williams, B.L. and Wilson, K. 1983, A Biologist‟s Guide to Principles and Techniques of
Practical Biochemistry, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London.
10. Wilson, K. and Walker, J, 2003. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, 5th
Edition, Cambridge University Press, New York. 159
984
Course : IMB (Core Practical-3) Int. Marks : 40

Year &Sem. : II Year; III Sem. Ext. Marks : 60
Sub. Code : IMBL31 Max Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Lab in Bioinstrumentation
1. Measurement of pH of various samples using pH meter

2. Verification of Beer‟s Law
3. Separation of molecules based on density gradient centrifugation principle
4. Measurement of cell using micrometry technique
5. Bacterial cell counting
6. Microbial colony counting with Quebec colony counter
7. Circular Paper Chromatographic separation of amino acids
8. Ascending Paper Chromatographic separation of sugars
9. Thin layer chromatographic separation of lipids
10. Column Chromatographic separation of plant pigments
11. Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE (Demonstration only)
12. Separation of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis (Demonstration only)
Reference Books:
1. Bajpai, P.K. 2010. Biological Instrumentation and Methodology.S.Chand & Company.New
Delhi.
2. Janarthanan, S. and S.Vincent 2007. Practical Biotechnology, Methods and Protocols.

University Press, Hyderabad., India.
3. Jeyaraman, J., 1985, Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited,New

Delhi.
4. Mendham, J., Denney, R.C., Barnes, J.D. and Thomas, M.J.K. 2004. Vogel‟s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Pearson Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
5. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D. Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas 2000. Vogel`s Textbook of
quantitative chemical analysis. 6th edition. Pearson Education.New Delhi.

Techniques, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai
7. Plummer, D, 2008. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw–

Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Sawhney, S.K. and Nandhir singh, 2000. Introductory Practical Biochemistry, Narosa
985
Course : IMB (Major Elective-2) Int. Marks : 15

Year &Sem. : II Year; III Sem Ext. Marks : 35
Title of the Paper : Biodegradation and Bioremediation
Course Objective
 To learn the types of biodegradation and bioremediation process
 To understand the process and stages of waste management and treatment
Unit I
Types of Biodeterioration & Biodegradation: Physical or mechanical, Fouling and soiling
(aesthetic), Chemical assimilatory and chemical dissimilatory biodeterioration.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation of - Oil, Detergent, Heavy metals
Pesticide degradation-Microbial metabolism of pesticides.
.
Unit II
Solid waste management -Sources and types; Methods of collection and Transport
Components of solid waste - Treatment methods-Landfall, Incineration
Composting: aerated pile method & reactors;
Liquid waste management-Primary, secondary, Tertiary and Disinfection
Text Books:
1. Allsopp, D., and J.Seal, 1986, Introduction to Biodeterioration, Edward Arnold Pub.
London.
2. Jogdand, S.N.2010. Environmental Biotechnology, Himalaya Publishing House.New
Delhi
Reference Books:
1. Atlas, R.M., 1997, Principle of Microbiology, second edition, WCB/McGraw-Hill Co.,
USA.
2. Chatterji, A.K. 2005.Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology.
3. Norris et al., 1994, Handbook of Bioremediation, Lewis Publishers, London.
986
Course : IMB (Non Major Elective Paper-1) Int. Marks : 15

Year &Sem : IIYear; III Sem Ext. Marks : 35
Sub. Code : ZNME31 Max. Marks : 50
Non Major Elective for B.Sc/B.A/B.Com/BBA students

Title of the Paper : Human Genetics
Course Objective
 Introduce the basic concepts involved in genetics
 To learn the structural organization of chromosomes and their aberrations
Unit I
Morphology of chromosomes-autosomes and allosomes, structure of chromosomes, simple
mendelian traits in human- sex determination, twins, Autosomal Inheritance - (normal trait)
inheritance of blood group-(abnormal trait) –Thalaseemia and sickle cell anaemia, sex linked
inheritance-inheritance of X linked traits - haemopilia, colour blindness, inheritance of Y
linked traits-hairy pinna, inheritance of sex influenced traits- baldness
Unit II
Mutation - Chromosomal aberrations-autosomal aberrations- 21 trisomy (Down‟s syndrome)
21 monosomy, sex chromosomal aberrations – Klinefelter and Turner syndrome; Eugenics
and Genetic Counseling –Negative and positive eugenics and euthenics
Gene therapy
Text Books
1. Carlson, E. A. 1985. Human Genetics. TMH edition. Tata McGraw-Hill publishing
company Ltd., New Delhi
2. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J. and Snustad, D.P. 1991. Principles of Genetics. John
Wiley & sons.
Reference Books:
1. Verma, P.S and Agarwal, V.K. 1993. Genetics. S.Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi,
India.
2. Weaver, R.F. and Hedrick, P.W. 1989. Genetics. Wm. C. Brown Publishers. USA.
987
Year & Sem : II Year; IV sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology and Microbial Genetics
Course Objective
 To learn the fundamentals of Molecular Biology
 To understand the regulation, expression and transfer mechanisms of genes
Unit I
DNA- genetic material- Griffith and Chase experiment; chemical composition, Chargaff rule
– Watson and Crick model, Palindromic sequence DNA conformations - A, B and Z.
RNA- Chemical composition, structure of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and siRNA
Properties-Melting curves, cot ½ value, hypochromicity
Unit II
Replication – semiconservative mode of replication – leading and lagging strands-Meselsen
and Stahl experiment-Enzymology of DNA replication, Types of replication – rolling circular
model, Uni and Bi directional replications.
Unit III
Genetic code and its characteristics.
Mutation - Types – mutagens-.
DNA Repair mechanisms-Light dependent (Photoreactivation) and
Light independent (Excision, recombination and SOS).
Unit IV
Transcription – Initiation, RNA Polymerase – Elongation – termination rho dependent, rho
independent, NUS A protein, antitermination. Posttranscriptional modifications.
Translation-Initiation – binding of ribosomes on mRNA- shine Dalgarno sequence-activation
of amino acids – IF Elongation – peptide formation – translocation – EF – Termination –
Peptide termination – Releasing factors-posttranslational modifications.
Unit V:
Lactose operon concept in E. coli
Plasmids and Types- F, Col and R plasmids Conjugation.
Transformation – mechanism of DNA uptake.
Transduction – mechanism of generalised and specialised transduction.
Text Books:
1. Friefelder, D 2009. Molecular Biology, II Edn, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi,
India
2. Weaver, R.F. 1999. Molecular Biology. McGraw Hill. New York.
Reference Books:
1. Allison, L.A., 2007. Fundamental Molecular Biology, Blackwell Publishing, USA.

2. Krebs, J.E., Goldstein, E.S., Kilpatrick, S.T. 2011 Lewin‟s Genes X, Jones and Bartlett
publishers Inc, London UK.
3. Turner, P.C., A.G.McLennan, A.D.Bates and M.R.H.White, 1999, Instant notes in
Molecular Biology, Viva Books Limited, New Delhi.
4. Watson, J.D., N.H.Hopkins, J.W.Roberts, J.A.Steitz and A.M.Weiner, 1998 Molecular
Biology of the Gene, Fourth edition, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc.,
Tokyo.
5. Wolfe, L.S., 1993 Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wadsworth publishing company.
988
Course : IMB (Core Practical-4) Int. Marks : 40

Year & Sem. : II Year; IV sem Ext. Marks : 60
Title of the Paper : Lab in Molecular Biology and Microbial Genetics
1. Extraction and estimation of DNA

2. Extraction and estimation of RNA
3. Determination of melting curve of DNA
4. UV irradiation and photoreactivation.
5. Isolation of petite mutants
6. Isolation of phage
7. Isolation of mutant colonies by Gradient plate method.
8. Isolation of mutant colonies by Replica plate method.
9. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory concentration
10. Determination of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
11. Extraction and estimation of nucleic acids.
12. Isolation of auxotrophic mutants
13. Isolation of Lac- and Lac+ colonies
14. AMES test
Reference Books:
1. Ausubel, F.M., Roger, B., Robert E.Kingston, David A. Moore, Seidman J.G., John A.
Smith and Kelvin, S. 1992. Thrid Edition, Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, John
Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
2. Berger, S.L. and Kimmel, R. 1987. Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques, Academic
Press, Inc., New York.
3. Brown, T.A. 1998. Molecular Biology Lab; Gene Analysis, Academic Press, London.
4. Malov, S.R. 1990. Experimental Techniques in Bacterial Genetics, Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Boston.
5. Miller, J.H. 1992. A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics: A Lab Manual & Hand Book
for E. coli and related Bacteria. Cold spring Harbor Lab press, Cole Spring Harbar
6. Rajamanickam, C.2001 Experimental protocols in basic molecular biology, Osho

Scientific Publications, Madurai.
7. Sambrook, I., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. 1989. Second Edition, Molecular Cloning 1,
2, 3 - A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, USA.

989
Course : IMB (Major Elective-3) Int. Marks : 15

Year &Sem. : II Year; IV Sem Ext. Marks : 35
Title of the Paper : Medical Microbiology-II
Course Objectives:
 To know about morphology and pathogenesis of different fungi & parasites
 To understand the pathogenesis mechanism
Unit I
Mycology –General characteristics, life cycle and pathogenesis of
Filamentous fungi – Aspergillus¸ Tinea
Non- filamentous fungi – Candida, Cryptococcus
Unit II
Parasitology – Morphology and life cycle of
Protozoan parasites- Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica
Helminthic parasites-Ascaris lumbricoides,Wuchereria bancroffti
Activity-Visit to clinical lab
Text Books:
1. Ananthanarayanan and Jeyaram Paniker C.K. 2009. Text Book of Microbiology, 8th Ed.
Orient Longman, Chennai.
2. Rajan,S. 2009 Medical Microobiology, M.J.P.Publishers, Chennai
Reference Books:
1. Chakraborty P., 1995. A Text Book of Microbiology, New Central Book Agency (P)
Ltd., Calcutta.
2. Cook, G.C.1996 Manson‟s tropical diseases. 20th ed. WB Saunders Co. Ltd. London
3. Cox FEG. 1993 Modern Parasitology. London; Blackwell Scientific Publication
4. Greenwood, D., Slack, R.C.B and Peutherer, J.F. 2009. Medical Microbiology, 17th Edn.
Churchill Livingstone. U.K.
5. Mims,C., Dockrell, H.M., Goering, R.V., Roitt, I., Wakelin, D., Zuckerman, M. 2004.
Medical Microbiology 3rd Edition, Elsevier Publications, London.
6. Mukherrjee, K.L., 2010 Medical Lab Technology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication.
7. Rajeshwar Reddy, K. 2009. Medical Microbiology,New Age International Publishers,

New Delhi
990
Course : IMB (Skill Based Elective Paper-3) Int. Marks : 15

Class/Sem : IIYear; IV sem Ext. Marks : 35
Sub. Code : IMBSE2 Max. Marks : 50
Title of the Paper: Bioinformatics
Course Objective
 Introduce basic in silico approaches to the students
 Learn “from sequence to structure prediction” –concept
 To familiarize students in applying bioinformatic tools in biomedical research.
Unit I
Internet concepts- Applications of Bioinformatics. Biological databases- DNA and
protein- primary, secondary, specialized and structural databases (PDB, CATH).
Sequence similarity search (FASTA and BLAST). Significance of E-value. Multiple
sequence alignment (Clustal W) and conserved domain search (CDS). Introduction to
ORF and primer designing.
Unit II
Phylogenetic analysis- phylogenetic tree construction (Neighbor Joining method and
Maximum parsimony).
3D structure prediction: 2D GOR, Chou –Fasman, Hidden Markov method
Homology modeling - SPDB viewer. Ramachandran plot for evaluation of predicted
structure. Data mining for drug designing and docking analysis.
Text Books
1. Attwood, T.K. and Parry, D.J – Smith, D.J. 2005. Introduction to Bioinformatics.
Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
2. Twyman, R.H. 2003. Instant notes on Bioinformatics. Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., NewDelhi
Reference Books
1. Baxevanis, A.D. and Quellette, B.F.F. 2009. Bioinformatics. A practical guide to

harbour Laboratory Press, New York.
2. Lesk, M.A. 2008. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford Univ. Publishers

Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Mount, W. 2005. Bioinformatics sequence and genome analysis. Cold Spring
4. Pevsner, 2009. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Wiley Dreamtech India

the analysis of genes and proteins. II edn. Wiley-Intern Science Publication, New
York.
991
For those joined B.Sc (except IMB),B.A, B.Com, BBA on or after June 2014
Course : IMB (Non Major Elective Paper-2) Int. Marks : 15

Year& Sem. : IIYear; IV sem Ext. Marks : 35
Sub. Code : ZNME42 Max. Marks : 50
Hours/Week : 2 No of Credits :2
Title of the Paper : Health Education [For B.Sc/B.A/B.Com/BBA students]
Course Objectives
 Highlight the importance and role of nutrients
 To create an awareness about the importance of health and hygiene
Unit I
Dimensions and Determinants of health,
Indicators of health – Characteristics of indicators, Types of indicators,
Disease agents – Classification of disease agents- water, air, vector borne
Nutrition – Classification and functions of food, sources and requirement of Carbohydrates,
Proteins, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals, Malnutrition – Protein energy Malnutrition (PEM),
Balanced diet – Composition of balanced diet
Unit II
Water – Safe and wholesome water, criteria for water quality standards, household
purification of water. Air – Health effects of air pollution, prevention and control Ventilation
– Standards of ventilation, Light – The requirements of good lighting, Noise – Effects of
noise exposure, Types of mental illness – Major and minor illnesses- Social pathological
causes, Maternal and child health care- Immunization – Vaccines and Immunization
Schedule.
Text Books:
1. Park, J.E. and Park. 2000. Text book of preventive and social medicine, 17th Edition,
Banarasidas Publishers, Jabalpur.
2. Murugesh, N. 2002. Health education and community pharmacy, 3rd Edition,

Sathya Publishers, Madurai.
992

Year & Sem : III Year; Sem.V Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Microbial Physiology
Course Objective
 To study the various physiological phenomena involved within microbes
 To study different types of extremophilic organisms
Unit I
Biochemical properties of membrane – Fluid mosaic model.
Osmosis, Diffusion: Facilitated diffusion and active transport
Group translocation across membrane
Donnan equilibrium, Nernst equation. Other transport mechanisms-iron transport
Unit II
Bioenergetics – enthalpy, entropy and free energy.
Coupling of chemical reactions – TCA cycle, Respiratory chain (ETC), Oxidative
phosphorylation – chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell - efficiency of coupling.
Oxidation – Reduction potential.
Unit III
Photosynthetic equation
Oxygenic and anoxygenic types of photosynthesis
Photosynthetic microbes and their photosynthetic pigments
Light reaction in aerobic oxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Cyanobacteria)
Light reaction in anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Green & Purple bacteria)
CO2 fixation – Calvin cycle.
Unit IV
Fueling reaction in aerobic heterotrophs –glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway,
Phosphoketolase pathway Entner - Doudoroff pathway, the glyoxylate cycle.
Fueling reaction in anaerobic heterotrophs – anaerobic respiration
Unit V
Fueling reaction in chemo – organotrophs: Acetogenesis and methanogenesis.
Fueling reaction in chemolithotrophs: Hydrogen bacteria, sulphur bacteria, nitrifying
bacteria. Methylotrophs and Methanotrophs. Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenesis –
peptidoglycan and LPS biosynthesis. Stress response – Osmotic stress, PH, Temperature
Text Books:
1. Madigan,M.T., J.M.Martinko and J.Parker, 2000, Brock- Biology of Microorganisms,
Ninth edition, Prentice Hall International Inc, New Jersey.
2. Moat, A.G., and J.W. Foster, 2009, Microbial Physiology-4th edition, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
993
Reference Books:
1. Atlas, R.M. 1997, Principles of Microbiology, Second edition, WCB/McGraw-Hill Co.,

USA.
2. Dawes, I.W.., and I.W. Sutherland. 1992. Microbial Physiology, second edition.
Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.
3. Doelle, H.W. 1975. Bacterial metabolism, second edition. Academic Press. New York.
4. Gottschalk, G. 1986. Bacterial metabolism, second edition. Springer – Verlag. New
York.
5. Madigan, Martinko, Dunlap, Clark 2009. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th Edition.
Pearson Publication, New York.
6. Mandelstam, J., McQuillen, K and Dawes, I.1982. Biochemistry of Bacterial Growth.
third edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.
7. Meenakumari, S.2006 Microbial Physiology, M.J.P.Publishers, Chennai
8. Nelson, D.L., and M.M.Cox., 2000 Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, Third edition,
Macmillan Worth publishers.
9. Prescott, L.M., J.P.Harley and D.A. Helin, 2002, Microbiology, Fifth edition, McGraw
Hill, New Delhi.
10. Rajapandian, K. 2010. Microbial Physiology. P.B.S Book Enterprises, Chennai
11. Schlegel, H.G., 1993, General Microbiology, Seventh edition, Cambridge University
Press.
12. Stanier, R.Y., J.L.Ingraham, M.L.Whellis and P.R.Painter, 1986, The Microbial World,
Fifth edition, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
13. Sundara Rajan ,S. 2003 Microbial Physiology, Anmol Publication ,NewDelhi
994

Year &Sem. : III Year; Sem.V Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Bioprocess Technology-I
Course Objectives
 To learn the process involved in the industrial production of microbial products.
 To understand the upstream and downstream processes of fermentation.
Unit I:
Ancient and modern concepts of industrial microbiology. Isolation of industrially
important strains: sources for sample collection - screening techniques – primary screening
– crowded plate technique, Auxanography, enrichment technique, dye indicator and
secondary screening.
Unit II:
Strain development – mutation, selection of auxotroph, protoplast fusion, parasexual
reproduction and recombinant DNA techniques. Preservation techniques - serial sub-
culture, mineral oil, freeze drying, N2 storage - Storage of fungi-soil culture, silica gel
culture and water storage.
Unit III:
Types of fermentation - solid state fermentation - Microbes of SSF, types of substrates.
Submerged fermentation - Methods of fermentation - batch, continuous and fed batch
system. Growth kinetics (Biomass in relation to substrate and time).
Unit IV:
Types and design of fermentors - General characteristics and configuration of fermentor.
batch, CSTF, air lift, tower, bubble column, fluidized bed fermentor. Fermentor auxiliary
equipments. sterilization of equipment and air.
Unit V:
Media - chemical composition, raw materials - saccharide, starchy, cellulose and industrial
wastes. Media optimization (Response surface methodology) and sterilization (batch and
continuous). Fermentation kinetics-Batch and continuous (product in relation to substrates,
time and biomass) .
Text Books
1. Crueger, W. and A. Crueger, 2000. Biotechnology: A Test Book of Industrial Microbiology,
2nd edn. Panima Publishing corporation, New Delhi.
2. Patel, A.H. 1996, Text Book of Industrial Microbiology, MacMillan India Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Casida, L.E., Jr. 1993, Industrial Microbiology, fifth edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Prescott, L.M., J.P.Harley and D.A.Helin, 2002, Microbiology, fifth edition, McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
3. Stanbury, P.F., A.Whitaker and S.J.Hall, 1999. Principles of Fermentation Technology,
second edition, Aditya Book (p) Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Waites, M.J., Morgan, N.L., Rockey,J.S., and Higton,G. 2001, Industrial Microbiology: An
Introduction, Blackwell Science, London
995
Year& Sem. : III Year; V Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper: Clinical Lab Technology
Course Objectives:
 Learn to follow safety methods and different clinical lab techniques
 Preamble to start a clinical lab
Unit I
Laboratory designing, Code of conduct for Clinical Laboratory, SOP. - Personal hygiene for
Laboratory Technologists. - National and International GLP and GMP. -Accidents-types and
safety measures. -First Aid in laboratory and Precautions.
Unit II
Collection and processing of blood sample. - Determination of TC, DC, ESR, Hb, BT & CT.
ABO Blood group system and determination of blood group. -Blood transfusion and
Compatibility testing. -Determination of blood glucose, Urea, Cholesterol and Bilirubin.
VDRL and Widal test. -Blood culture and sensitivity.
Unit III
Collection, transport and Storage of Urine sample. -Physical properties of Urine.- Chemical
examination of urine - sugar, albumin, bile salts, bile pigments and ketone bodies. -
Microscopic Examination of Urine – Cast Crystals and Cells. -Pregnancy Test. Urine culture
and sensitivity.
Unit IV
Stool Collection and transport. Macroscopic and Microscopic examination of stool. -Chemical
examination of stool. Stool Culture and sensitivity.-Occult blood and its clinical significance
Unit V
Sputum Collection and transport of specimen. Macroscopic and Microscopic examination of
sputum. AFB staining. Sputum culture and sensitivity. -Collection of semen. Semen analysis
– motility, total count and abnormality.
Text Book:
1. Mukherjee, L.K. 2010, Medical Laboratory Technology – 3 volumes – second edition –
Hill Publishing Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Sood, R, 2010, Medical Laboratory Technology – Methods and interpretations – Seventh
edition, Jaypee, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Alex, C., Sonnenwirth, 1998, Gradwohl‟s Clinical Laboratory Methods and Diagnosis, Vol. 1&2,
eighth edition, B.I. Publications Ltd., New Delhi.
2. David, S. Jacobs, Wayne R. Demott, Paul R. Finley, 1994, Laboratory Test Hand Book, third
edition, Key word index, Laxi-Compinc, Hudson.
3. Jacques Wallac, L., 1986, Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: A Synopsis of Laboratory Medicine,
Little Brown and Company, Boston/Toronto, USA.
4. Kathleenbecan, M.C., Bride, 1982, Text Books of Clinical Laboratory supervision, Century
Crosts, New York.
5. Ochei, J and Kolkatkar, A. 2009. Medical Laboratory Science – Theory and Practice. Tata Mc
Graw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, India.
6. Rapael, S.S., 1983, Lynch Medical Laboratory Technology, Fourth edition, W.B. Saunders Co,
Singapore.
7. Woohan, I.D.P., Heather Freeman, 1990, Micro Analysis in Medical Biochemistry, sixth edition,
Churchil Livingstone Publishing Ltd., USA.
996
Course : IMB (Core-8) Int. Marks : 25
Year&Sem. : III Year; V Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Food Microbiology
Course Objectives
 To learn the role of microbes in food preparation, preservation and spoilage
 To understand the quality of food and products
Unit I
Microbes as food: Single cell protein (SCP) and edible mushrooms.
Other food Products: Fermented meat, Idli batter & leavening of bread.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic parameters of foods that influence microbial growth.
Unit II
Fermented dairy products: Buttermilk, Sour cream, Yoghurt & Cheese.
Fermented vegetables: Sauerkraut, Olives, Soy Sauce & Pickles
Microbial fermentation: Beer, Distilled liquors (Rum, Whisky & Brandy) & Wine.
Unit III
Food spoilage: Spoilage of Milk & Milk products.
Spoilage of beer & wine,
Spoilage of vegetables, fruits, meat & canned food.
Unit IV
Parasitic infections transmitted by food: Amoebiasis & Taeniasis
Indicators of pathogens associated with Food: Coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal
streptococcal forms, Salmonella, Staphylococcus & Pseudomonas.
Food poisoning: Aspergillus flavus & Clostridium botulinum
Unit V
Physical preservation methods: Asepsis, filtration & centrifugation, high & low
temperature & Pasteurization, desiccation, radiation, anaerobiosis, canning and controlled
atmosphere.
Chemical preservation methods: Salt, Sugar, organic acid (Benzoic acid, Sorbic acid,
propionates, acetic acid & lactic acid), nitrates, nitrites, sulfur dioxide, ethylene dioxide,
propylene oxide, wood smoke and antibiotics.
Text Books:
1. Adams, M.R and M.O.Moss, 2006, Food microbiology, New Age international
(P) Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Frazier, W.C., and D.C.Westhoff, 2005, Food Microbiology, Sixth edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Banwart,G.J., 1987, Basic Food Microbiology, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi.
3. Deak, T, and L.R.Beuchat, 1996, Hand Book of Food Spoilage Yeasts, CRC Press, New
York
4. Garbutt,J., 1997, Essentials of Food Microbiology, Arnold-International Students‟edition,
London.
4. Jay,J.M, 1996, Modern Food Microbiology, CBS Publishers & Distributors, ND
5. Joshi, V.K. and Ashok Pandey (Eds), 1999, Biotechnology: Food fermentation Vol.II,
Educational Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
6. Kulshreshtha, S.K. 1994, Food Preservation, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi
997
Course : IMB (Core Practical -5) Int. Marks : 40
Year & Sem : III Year; V Sem Ext. Marks : 60
Title of the Paper : Lab in Microbial Physiology & Food Microbiology
1. Biochemical characterization of any bacterium--IMViC, oxidase and catalase

2. Estimation of Alkaline phosphatase activity
3. Derivation of Michaelis – Menten Constant and V-max of alkaline Phosphatase.
4. Changes in protein conformation due to pH, temperature, ionic concentration by
observing UV-spectra.
5. Extraction and Identification of lipids by TLC.
6. Estimation of Cellulase activity.
7. Specific tests for amino acids
8. Vitamin C assay
9. Starch, casein and lipid hydrolysis
10. Demonstration of Hill reaction
11. Methylene Blue Reductase Test
12. Effect of temperature, pH on bacterial growth.
Reference Books:
1. Aneja, K.R. 1993. Experiments in Microbiology: Plant Pathology and Tissue Culture,
Vishwa Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. Cappuccino, J.H. and Sherman, N. 1992. Microbiology – A Lab Manual, Third Edition,
The Benjamin Publishing Company, Singapore.
3. David T. Plummer, 2008. An introduction to practical Biochemistry, Third Edition, Tata
Mc Graw Hill publishing Com. Ltd., New Delhi.
Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Jayaraman, J. 1981. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, New Age International (Pvt.)
6. Kannan, N. 1996. Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology, Palani Paramount
Publication, Palani.
8. Sawhney, S.K. and Nandhir singh, 2000. Introductory practical Biochemistry, Narosa
9. Wilson, K. and Walker, J. 1986. (Low Price Edition 1995) Principles and Techniques of
Practical Biochemistry, CUP, Cambridge.
998
Course : IMB (core Practical-6) Int. Marks : 40
Year & Sem : III Year; V Sem Ext. Marks : 60
Title of the Paper: Lab in Bioprocess Technology-I
1. Fermentors and their components.

2. Demonstration of fermentation using Kuhne‟s fermentation vessel.
3. Screening of bacterial strains for enzyme production.
4. Screening of bacterial strains for antibiotic production.
5. Production of Citric acid by Aspergillus niger by Solid State fermentation.
6. Sudan black and nile blue staining for screening of bacterial polymer producers
7. Production of protease by Bacillus subtilis
8. Yeast cell immobilization
9. Alcohol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
10. Estimation of alcohol using Potassium Di-chromate method.
11. Biogas (Methane) production.
12. Drop collapse test
Reference Books
1. Anuj Kumar Rana, 2012. Downstream Processing Techniques in Biotechnology. Global
Academic Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Kulanthaivel, S and S. Janarthanan 2012. Practical Manual on Fermentation Technology.
I.K. International publishing house. New Delhi
3. Peppler, H,J and Periman,D. 2008.Microbial Technology Fermentation Technology,
(Two Volumes)Second Edition, Elsevier, Academic Press.U.K.
4. Ponmurugan, P., R.Nithya and M.Fredinose 2012. Experimental Procedure in Bioprocess
Technology and Downstream Processing.Anjana Book House. Chennai
999
Course : IMB (core Practical- 7) Int. Marks : 40
Year & Sem. : III Year; V Sem Ext. Marks : 60
Title of the Paper: Lab in Clinical Lab Technology
1. Total W.B.C. & R.B.C. count

2. Differential leukocyte count
3. Determination of Bleeding & Clotting time
4. Determination of ESR
5. Estimation of Haemoglobin (sahli method)
6. Estimation of Blood Sugar (O Toluidene method)
7. Estimation of blood Urea (Zaks method)
8. Estimation of serum Cholesterol
9. Estimation of serum bilirubin (Haslewood and king method)
10. Urine sample analysis to detect sugar, Albumin, Ketone bodies and bile salts
11. Urine – Microbial Culture and Sensitivity
12. Separation of Serum protein by electrophoresis
13. Semen analysis – Motility and Total count.
Reference Books
1. Ashok, R. 2000.Antimicrobials in Laboratory Medicine, B.I. Churchill Livingstone. New

Delhi.
2. Collee, J.G., A.G.Fraser, B.P.Marmion and A.Simmons 2007. Mackie and McCartney
Practical medical Microbiology. Elsiever, New York.
3. Ranjan Kumar De, 2007. Diagnostic Microbiology, (For DMLT Students) Jaypee
Brothers publishing, New Delhi.
1000
Course : IMB (Self study paper-1) Ext. Marks : 100
Year & Sem : IIIYear; V Sem. Max. Marks : 100
Sub. Code : ZSS51 No of Credits :5 (Extra)
Title of the Paper : Health and Hygiene
Course Objectives
 Highlight the importance and role of nutrients
 To create an awareness about the importance of health and hygiene
Unit I
Dimensions and Determinants of health,
Indicators of health
Nutrition – Classification and functions of food, sources and requirement of Carbohydrates,
Proteins, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals, Malnutrition – Protein energy Malnutrition (PEM),
Balanced diet – Composition of balanced diet
Unit II
Water – Safe and wholesome water, criteria for water quality standards, household
purification of water. Air – Health effects of air pollution, prevention and control Ventilation
– Standards of ventilation, Light – The requirements of good lighting, Noise – Effects of
noise exposure, Types of mental illness – Major and minor illnesses, Causes of mental ill
health – Social pathological causes, Preventive aspects – primary – Secondary – Tertiary,
Immunization – Vaccines and Immunization Schedule, Principles of disease control and
prevention.
Text Books:
1. Murugesh, N. 2002. Health education and community pharmacy, 3rd Edition, Sathya
Publishers, Madurai.
2. Park, J.E. and Park. 2000. Text book of preventive and social medicine, 17th Edition,
Banarasidas Publishers, Jabalpur.
1001
Year & Sem : III Year; VI Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Immunology
Course Objective
 To introduce the basic principles and mechanisms involved in imparting immunity
 To recognize the significance of immune system and vaccines for maintaining human
health
Unit I
History of Immunology: Contributions of Edward Jenner –Louis Pasteur – Elie Metchnikoff -
Types of immunity: Innate-anatomic, physiologic, phagocytic, and inflammatory–Acquired or
Adaptive –antigenic specificity – diversity- Immunologic memory–self/nonself recognition
Humoral–Cell-mediated immunity
Organs of immune system: Primary- Thymus & Bone marrow; Secondary – spleen –lymph
nodes – GALT & MALT. Cells: Lymphocytes (T& B) – Macrophages, NK cells – APCs -
Role.
Unit II
Antigens – Haptens – Adjuvant – Epitopes – Requirements for immunogenicity –Antigens Vs
Immunogens – Antigenic Peptides
Antibodies: Immunoglobulins – Domain structure – classes – IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Characteristics- Isotypes– Allotypes-Idiotypes– Humoral mediated immunity – Clonal
selection theory (N.K. Jerne) - Antigen–Antibody interactions –Primary interaction,
Secondary phenomena – Agglutination, Precipitation-kinetics of antibody response - primary
and secondary –– Hybridoma Technology – Monoclonal Antibodies – Applications.
Unit III
Complement factors – Classical – Alternate Pathways-Lectin pathway-biological
functions.Cell mediated immunity – Cytokines – types – Network – Role in immune
regulation. Hypersensitivity reaction – Type I, II, III, IV. Tolerance – definition – types -
Autoimmunity–organspecific-Grave‟s disease - Myasthenia gravis-Hashimoto‟s thyroiditis-
Systemic-Rheumatoid arthritis-Multiple sclerosis-Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Unit IV
Transplantation antigens-Erythrocyte antigens-MHC – HLA – Class I & Class II Antigens –
Immunologic Basis of Graft Rejection -Allograft rejection –cells involved– GVHD –
Prevention of graft rejection.
Tumor Antigens –Immunity to tumor-Tumor evasion mechanisms-Immunodiagnosis –Tumor
therapy.
Unit V
Immunodeficiencies- Primary – B & T Cell deficiencies, combined – secondary- acquired –
HIV – AIDS. Vaccines: Types- Attenuated – Killed – Purified proteins (Toxoid) –
Recombinant Vaccines. Immunization schedule, Active & Passive immunization.
Text Books:
1. Coico, R., Sunshine, G., Benjamini, E., 2003 Immunology: A Short Course VI edition. Wiley-Blackwell, New
York
2. Goldsby, R.A., T.J. Kindt., B.A. Osborne, Kuby. J. 2002. Immunology. Fifth edition. W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York.
Reference Books:
1. Abbas, A.K., A.H. Lichtmann and Y.S. Pober. 2000, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, fourth edition, W.B.
Saunders company, London.
2. Coleman, R.M., M.F. Lombard., & N.E. Sicared. 1992. Fundamental Immunology, second edition, Wm.C. Brown
Publishers, USA.
3. Cruse, J.M. & R.E. Lewis. 1998. Atlas of Immunology. CRC Academic Press. New York.
4. Goldsby, R.A., T.J. Kindt., & B.A. Osborne. 2000. Kuby Immunology. Fourth edition. W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York.
5. Roitt., Brostaff J. and Male D. 2001 Immunology VI edition, Mosby, London.
6. Nandhini Shetty. 1993. Immunology – Introductory Text Book, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
1002
Course : IMB (core Practical- 8) Int. Marks : 40
Year & Sem. : III Year; VI Sem Ext. Marks : 60
Title of the Paper : Lab in Immunology
1) Virtual dissection and onscreen display of lymphoid organs of chick and mouse
2) Preparation of soluble, particulate and cellular antigens.
3) Demonstration of immunization routes, repetitive bleeding technique in fish and
Separation and preservation of serum/complements.
4) Virtual demonstration of repetitive bleeding technique and injection routes in mouse, rat
and rabbit.
5) Natural resistance by bacterial killing using unimmunized serum
6) Direct haemagglutination assay
7) Passive haemagglutination assay
8) Bacterial agglutination assay
9) WBC differential count with reference to innate and adaptive immunity.
10) Separation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood using density gradient centrifugation
11) T and B-lymphocytes and separation by nylon wool column method.
12) Cellular immunity – scale allograft rejection in fish.
13) Complement mediated haemolysis.
Reference books:
1. Garvey J.S., Cremer N.E., Sussdorf D.H., 1983 Methods in Immunology, 3 rd ed., Benjamin /
Cummins Publishing, London.
2. Hudson. L., Hay F.C., 1989Practical Immunology, , 3rd ed., Blackwell Publishing, London.
3. Stites D.P., Terr A.L., Parslow T.G., 1994.Basic and Clinical Immunology, Prentice Hall
Publishing, Canada.
1003
Title of the Paper : Biotechnology
Course Objective
 Introduce the basic principles of Genetic Engineering
 To learn various methods of gene transfer and manipulation
Unit-I
Tools for Genetic engineering – restriction endonucleases (I, II, III) – modifying enzymes –
ligases, alkaline phosphatase, S1 Nuclease, PNKase -E.coli as a host – Plasmids –
Phages ( lamda, M13) – Cosmids – Phagemids – YACs – BACs Expression vectors.
Unit-II
Different strategies of cloning – genomic libraries – cDNA libraries – Gene tagging –
introduction to molecular marker technology. Methods of direct transformation – PEG
mediated – microinjection – particle bombardment – electroporation. Methods of indirect
transformation using A.tumefaciens – screening of recombinant clones.
Unit –III
Animal cell and tissue culture –natural and defined media – suspension cell culture
(lymphocyte culture) – adherent cells culture (fibroblast culture) – development and
maintenance of cell lines – cell hybridization – cryopreservation – stem cell isolation and
culture – Gene therapy
Unit- IV
Plant cell and tissue culture, media, explant culture callus culture - Protoplast fusion
techniques- Organogenesis – direct and indirect – meristem culture for virus-free plants–
Micropropagation – synthetic seeds. Germplasm conservation, Gene bank, Seed bank, Pollen
bank-Bioethics- social issues
Unit-V
DNA sequencing methods- Sanger, Maxam- Automated sequencing
Principles and applications of blotting techniques. - DNA finger printing – RFLP, STR-
Polymerase chain reaction - types of PCR- Nested, Reverse Transcriptase –DNA Microarray,
RNAi
Text Books:
1. Gupta, P.K., 2004 Biotechnology and Genomics, Rastogi & Co., Meerut
2. Primrose, S.B and R.M.Twyman 2009.Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, Seventh
edition, Blackwell Publishers, UK.
3. Satyanarayana V. 2010. Biotechnology, Books and Allied (P) Ltd. Kolkata, India
Reference Books:
1. Brock, J.D. 1990. The emergence of Bacterial Genetics. Cold-Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New
York.
2. Brown, T.A. 1995. Gene Cloning: An introduction. III edn. Chapman & Hall, London.
3. Darbeshwar Roy, 2010. Biotechnology .Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Glazer, A.N. and H.Nikaido 2008. Microbial Biotechnology 2 nd Edition Cambridge University Press,
New Delhi.
5. Ignacimuthu, S.J., 2001, Methods in Biotechnology, Phoenix Publishing House Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Jogdand, S.N., 2009, Gene Biotechnology, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
7. Krebs, J.E., Goldstein, E.S., Kilpatrick, S.T. 2011 Lewin‟s Genes X, Jones and Bartlett publishers
Inc, London UK.
8. Old, R.W. and S.B. Primrose, 2003, Principles of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell Scientific, London.
9. Patnaik, B.K., T.C. Kara, S.N.Ghosh and A.K.Dalai.2012. Text Book of Biotechnology. Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi.
10. Primrose, S.B. 1995. Principles of Genome Analysis. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
11. Trevan, M.D., S.Boffey, K.H. Goulding and P.Stanbury, 1990, Gene Biotechnology – Himalaya
Publishing House, New Delhi.
1004
Sub. Code : IMB63 Max. Marks :100
Title of the Paper: Agricultural Microbiology
Course Objective
 To elaborate the role of microbes in plant growth
 To explain the importance of microbial pesticides over chemical pesticides
Unit I
General account of Biofertilizers.
Rhizobium: taxonomy, physiology of N2 fixation, host-rhizobium interaction, (Physiology
and genetics) Mass cultivation, carrier-based inoculants.
Unit II
Azospirillum – rhizosphere, competence and host plant specificity, taxonomy and
physiology, carrier based inoculum, associative effect of different microorganisms.
Azotobacter – Systematic position, Characteristics, ecology, physiology, crop response,
maintenance and mass cultivation.
Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere, root exudates, influence of rhizosphere on crop productivity,
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
Unit III
Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae), Azolla and Anabaena-azolla association, nitrogen fixation,
factors affecting growth, mass production & cultivation, blue green algae and Azolla in rice
cultivation.
Mycorrhizal association: taxonomy, occurrence and distribution, phosphorus nutrition,
phosphate mobilisation, growth and yield, collection of arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM),
isolation, stock plants and inoculum production of AM.
Unit IV
Transmission and Mechanism of Plant pathogenicity
Symptoms of Plant diseases.-Plant – microbe interaction – commensalism, mutualism.
Viral Diseases – Tobacco-mosaic, Bunchy top-Banana, Tomato Spotted wilt.
Bacterial Diseases – Potato Scab, Citrus Canker, Blight
Fungal Diseases-Smuts, Rusts, Leaf spots.
Factors affecting disease incidence.
Plant disease resistance
Unit V
Disadvantages of Chemical pesticides.
Advantages of Biopesticides and its limitations,
Bacterial pesticides: Bacillus thuringiensis
Fungal pesticides: Entomopathogenic fungi- Beauveria bassiana,
Viral pesticides : NPV, CPV, GV.
Phytotoxins: Neem derivatives
Text Books:
1. Rangaswami, G., and D.J.Bagyaraj, 2009, Agricultural Microbiology, Second edition,
Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi.
2. Subba Rao, N.S., 2000. Advances in Agricultural Microbiology, Oxford & IBH Publ. Co.
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
1005
Reference Books:
1. Agrios, G.N., 1997. (Indian first print 2000), Plant pathology, fourth edition, Replica
Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Atlas, M., 2000. Microbiology-Fundamentals and Applications, Collier MacMillan
Publication, London.
3. Blaine Meeting, F. 1993. Soil Microbial Ecology. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.
4. Metting, Jr. F.B., 1993. Soil Microbial Ecology, Harcel Dekker Inc., New York.
5. Rangaswami,G., 1988. Diseases of Crop Plants in India, Third edition, Prentice-Hall of
India Private Limited, New Delhi.
6. Somasegaran, P., and H.J. Hoben, 1994. Handbook for Rhizobia, Methods in Legume –
Rhizobium Technology, Springer- Verlag, New York.
7. Subba Rao, N.S, 1995. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth, Oxford & IBH Publ. Co.
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Subba Rao. N.S., 1988. Biofertilizers in Agriculture, Oxford & IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
1006
Year & Sem : IIIYear; Sem.VI Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Bioprocess Technology II
Course objectives:
 To learn the process involved in the industrial production of microbial products
 To learn downstream processing and recovery of the product
Unit I:
Inoculum development - Bacterial, fungal spores, fungal mycelium. Sporulation on solidified
media, solid media and submerged culture. Aseptic inoculation of inoculum in fermentors.
Immobilization of cells and enzymes-methods and application.
Unit II
Production of organic acids and solvent- Anaerobic fermentation (Beer, wine, alcohol).
Aerobic fermentation (Vinegar, Lactic acid, citric acid), Solvent (Acetone, Butanol,
Glycerol).
Unit III:
Production of pharmaceutically important compounds - Amino acid (lysine, glutamic acid),
Antibiotics (Penicillin, Streptomycin), Enzymes (Amylase, Protease), Vitamins (B12,
Riboflavin), Phytohormones (Gibberellic acid, Indole acetic acid).
Unit IV
Downstream processing –cell disruption-physical and chemical methods. Separation-
precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography, Solvent
extraction, drying and crystallization.
Unit V
Microbial assay of vitamin (B12), Amino acid (valine), Antibiotics (Streptomycin,
erythromycin). Quality assurance (QC) of finished product-Sterility test, Pyrogen test, Ames
test, Toxicity test and Self life test. Fermentation economics-Process cost, recovery cost and
market potential.
Text Books
1. Crueger, W. and A. Crueger, 2000. Biotechnology: A Test Book of Industrial Microbiology,
2nd edn. Panima Publishing corporation, New Delhi.
2. Patel, A.H., 1996, Text Book of Industrial Microbiology, MacMillan India Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Casida, L.E., Jr. 1993, Industrial Microbiology, fifth edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Prescott, L.M., J.P.Harley and D.A.Helin, 2002, Microbiology, fifth edition, McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
3. Stanbury, P.F., A.Whitaker and S.J.Hall, 1999. Principles of Fermentation Technology,
second edition, Aditya Book (p) Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Waites, M.J., Morgan, N.L., Rockey,J.S., and Higton,G. 2001, Industrial Microbiology: An
Introduction, Blackwell Science, London
1007
Title of the Paper: Lab in Biotechnology
1. Isolation of Genomic and Plasmid DNA

2. Restriction digestion analysis
3. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA
4. SDS-PAGE
5. Demonstration of cloning
6. Pairwise sequence alignment (BLAST)
7. Multiple sequence alignment (CLUSTAL –W)
8. Transformation – Demonstration
9. Preparation of synthetic seeds
10. Protoplast Isolation
11. Western blotting - demonstration
Reference Books:
1. Ausubel, F.M.1997. Short Protocosl in Molecular Biology, Second Edition, John

Wiley & Sons. Harvard Medical School.
2. Brown, T.A. 1998. Molecular Biology Lab Fax II Gene analysis, Second Edition,
Academic Press, UK.
3. Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995. DNA cloning – A practical approach, Vol. 1 w-
4, IRC Press.
4. Janarthanan, S. and Vincent, S. 2007. Practical Biotechnology: Methods and

protocols, University Press.
5. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. 1989. Molecular Cloning – A lab manual.
Vol. III – Second Edition CSH Press, Cold spring harbor.
6. Swami, P.M. 2009. Lab Manual of Biotechnology. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
1008
Title of the Paper: Lab in Agriculural Microbioology
1. Enumeration of Microbial population from rhizosphere & Non-rhizosphere soil

2. Isolation of Azotobacter using soil plating method.
3. Isolation of Azospirillum
4. Isolation and staining of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal spores from soil (AM)
5. Isolation of Rhizobium sps. from root nodules of legumes
6. Isolation of Cyanobacteria from soil.
7. Isolation of fungal pathogens from plants – leaf, stem & fruits
8. Isolation of phosphate solubilising bacteria
9. Isolation of bacterial pathogens from plants
10. Production and estimation of IAA.
11. Production and estimation of HCN.
Reference Books:
1. Aneja K.R. 1993. Experiments in Microbiology: Plant Pathology and Tissue Culture, Wishwa
Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. Harrigan, W.F. 1998. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, Third Edition
3. Reddy, S.M. and Ram Reddy, S.R. 2000. Microbiology - A Laboratory Manual, BSC
Publishers & Distributors.
4. Thangaraj, M. and Santhana Krishnan, P. 1998. Practical Manual on Microbial inoculants,

Centre of advanced studies in agricultural University, TNAU, Coimbatore.
1009
Course : IMB (Skill Based Elective-III) Int. Marks : 15
Year & Sem : IIIYear; VI Sem Ext. Marks : 35
Sub. Code : ZSBE3 Max. Marks : 50
Title of the Paper: Nanobiotechnology
Course Objective
 To explain the importance of nanoscience in biology
 To learn the application of nanostructures in biomedical science
Unit I
Bionanotechnology: Fundamental concepts, scope and application.
Different types of nanoparticles: Metallic nanoparticles: Gold/silver, titanium based,
Non metallic nano particles: carbon and silicon based.
Characterization of nanoparticles: Spectrometry: UV-visible, FTIR;
Microscopic: AFM, Scanning and Transmission
Electron microscopy;
Structural: XRD.
Unit II
Biomedical applications of nanoparticles in:
Targeted drug delivery: liposomes, nanoshells and hydrogels.
Imaging technique: quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles
Implants: orthopaedic and vascular
Bionanosensors: nanocantilevers based on single stranded DNA
Activity- Visit to Instrumentation centre
Text Books
1. Subbiah, B. 2010. Nanobiotechnology. MJ.P.Publications, New Delhi.
2. Ratner, M and Ratner, D 2005. Nanotechnology: A Gentle introduction to the next big idea.
Pearson education Inc.
Reference Books
1. Pradeep, T 2006. Nano. Tata Mc Graw Publishers. India
2. Niemeyer, C.M. and Mirkin, C.A. 2006. Nanobiotechnology Concepts: Application and
properties. Wiley, VCH Publishers.
3. Tuan Vo Dinh, 2007. Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine: Method, Devices and
Applications. CRC Press
1010
Ancillary Papers
1011
Revised Ancillary Zoology Syllabus
For Botany and Chemistry Major Students – w.e.f. 2014 June
Major Year Sem Code Title of the Paper Cont Credit

Hrs/W
Botany III V AZ51 Economic Zoology 4 4
VI AZ61 Insect Pests and Management 4 4
VI AZL61 Economic Zoology & Insect 2 2
Pests and Management
Chemistry II III AOZ1 Economic Zoology 4 4
IV AOZ2 Clinical Chemistry 4 4
IV AOZL1 Economic Zoology& Clinical 2 2
Chemistry
Scheme of Examinarion
Mark Statements: Internal (CA) External (Sum)

Theory: 25 75
Practical: 40 60
Minimum Marks required
Internal (CA) External (Sum) CA + SUM

Theory Nil 27 / 75 35%
Practical Nil 21 / 60 35%
1012
Course : Allied Chemistry & Botany Int. Marks : 25

Class& Sem : II Year Chem(III sem):III Year Botany(V sem). Ext. Marks : 75
Sub. Code : AOZ1 & AZ51 Max. Marks : 100
Hours/Week : 4 No of Credits : 4
Title of the Paper : Economic Zoology
Course Objectives:
 To understand the importance of beneficial insects and animals
 To study the rearing methods of beneficial organisms- an economic perspective
Unit I
Seriulture
Mulberry & non-mulberry silkworms - systematic position – Biology of silkworm – rearing
of mulberry silkworm.
Unit II
Lac culture
Systematic position of Lac insect – Biology of lac insect – rearing of lac insect – uses of
shellac
Unit III
Apiculture
Organization of Bee colony – Varieties of honey bee – Newton‟s Bee hive - rearing of honey
bees – bee dance – extraction of honey – Economic importance of honey.
Unit IV
Poultry
Breeds of poultry (layers and broilers) – housing (cage and deep litter) – winter and summer
management – nutrition – diseases – Ranikhet, Pullorum, Aspergillosis, Coccidiosis and their
control
Unit V
Aquaculture
Cultivable fishes and their characteristics – fish farming (pond construction, water quality
management, fish harvesting) – preservation – economic importance of fishes
Ornamental fish culture, shrimp and prawn culture
Text Book:
1. Ahsan, J. and S.P. Sinha, 1985, A hand book on Economic Zoology, Third edition, S.
Chand & company (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Shukla, G.S. and V.B. Upadhyay, 1985, Economic Zoology, First edition, Rastogi
publication, Meerut
Reference books
1. David, B.V. 2002 Elements of Economic Entomology, Popular Book Depot, Chennai.
2. Ganga, G and J. Sulochana 1998. Introduction to Sericulture,
3. Santhanakumar,G. 1993. Aquaculture. JJ Publications, Madurai.
4. Singh, R.A. 1984 Poultry production, Kalyani publishers, New Delhi
1013
Course : Allied Botany Int. Marks : 25
Class& Sem : III Year ; VI sem. Ext. Marks : 75
Sub. Code : AZ61 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Insect Pests & Management
Course Objectives
 To provide an idea the pest of agricultural, cattle, house hold and vectors
 To know different control measures
Unit I:
Pest: Definition & types, feeding habits & types of mouth parts. General characters and
outline of orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera & Hymenoptera.
Unit II:
Biology, disease transmission and control of Musca domestica (cholera), Anopheles
stephensii (malaria), Culex quinquefasciatus (elephantiasis) & Aedes aegypti (dengue).
Unit III:
Biology, mode of transmission, infestation and control measures of Hypoderma lineatus,
Tabanus striatus, Hippobosca equine.
Unit IV
Life history, mode of infection, damage and control methods of major crop plants such as
cotton boll worm (Helicoverpa armigera), sugarcane shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellu),
rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) & Brinjal borer (Leucinodes orbonalis). Basic
concept & application of integrated pest management (IPM) and Insecticide Resistance
Management (IRM).
Unit V
Sorts of insect pests of house hold and stored products, their biology, mode of infestation,
damage caused and control methods of cockroach (Periplaneta americana), silver fish
(Lepisma saccharina), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) & rice weevil (Sitophilus
oryzae).
Text Books:
1. David, B.V., and T. Kumaraswami, 2000. Elements of Economic Entomology, Popular
Book Depot, Chennai.
2. Ravindranathan, K.R., 2005, A text book of Economic Zoology, Dominant publisher and
distributors (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Ahsan, J. and S.P. Sinha, 1985, A hand book on Economic Zoology, Third edition, S.
2. Fennemore, P.G. and A. Prakash, 1992, Applied Zoology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi.
3. Kotpal, R.L., S.K. Agrawal and R.P. Khetarpal, 1985, Invertebrate Zoology, Sixth
edition, Rastogi publication, Meerut.
4. Nayar, K.K., T.N. Ananthakrishnan, and B.V. David, 1976. General and applied
entomology. McGraw-Hill publishing company (Ltd.), New Delhi.
5. Rathinasamy, G.K., 1999. Medical entomology and elementary parasitology,
Viswanathan publication, Chennai.
publication, Meerut.
1014
Course : Allied lab for B.Sc., Botany Int. Marks : 40

Class& Sem : III Year & VI sem. Ext. Marks : 60
Sub. Code : AZL61 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper: Lab on Economic Zoology and Insect Pests & Management
Economic Zoology
1. External Morphology of Bombyx mori

2. Identification of lac insects
3. Identification of type of honey bees
4. Bee hives - Model
5. Broilers and layers- types
6. Estimation of Dissolved oxygen in aquarium/fish pond
7. Estimation of pH & Salinity
8. Estimation of CO2 in aquarium/fish pond
9. Honey –Qualitative analyses
Insect Pests & Management
1. Mouthparts of Housefly, cockroach and mosquitoes

2. Life cycle of Housefly and Mosquitoes
3. Identification of pests of cattle, paddy, sugarcane and cotton
4. LC50 value of a selected pesticide on mosquito larvae
5. Field study – collection, identification and preservation of insect pests and natural
enemies
Reference Books:
1. David, B.V., and T. Kumaraswami, 2000. Elements of Economic Entomology, Popular

Book Depot, Chennai.
2. Nayar, K.K., T.N. Ananthakrishnan, and B.V. David, 1976. General and applied
entomology. McGraw-Hill publishing company (Ltd.), New Delhi.

1015
Course : Allied Chemistry Int. Marks : 25

Class& Sem : II Year ; IV sem. Ext. Marks : 75
Sub. Code : AOZ2 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper: Clinical Chemistry
Course Objective:
 To learn the principle and applications of analytical instruments
 To learn how to analyse the urine, blood, serum
Unit I: Analytical instruments

Principle and application - colorimeter, centrifuge (types-clinical, gradient, differential)
autoanalyzer, ELISA and PCR
Unit II: Urine analysis

Collection and preservation of urine sample – Physical examination (total volume, specific
gravity, colour, turbidity and odur) – Chemical examination – protein (heat and acetic acid
method), sugar (Bendict‟s method), ketone (Rothera‟s method), Bile salt and Bile pigment.
Unit III: Blood analysis

Collection of blood samples, Blood components - anticoagulants – estimation of
haemoglobin (Shali‟s method) – ESR (Westergren‟s method) Estimation of blood sugar –
GOD, BOD (enzymatic method) - estimation of blood urea.
Unit IV: Serum analysis

Serum separation – estimation of lipid profile – liver function test (bilirubin) – serum
protein separation
Unit V: Hormones and Enzymes

Clinical significance of T3, T4, TSH, Alkaline phosphatase, Creatine phosphokinase,
Amylase – pancreatitis.
Text books:
1. Mukherjee, K.L. 2001. Medical Lab Technology Vol I, II and III. Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Sood, R, 1999, Medical Laboratory Technology – Methods and Interpretations – Fifth

edition, Jaypee, New Delhi.
1016
Course : Allied Lab for B.Sc. Chemistry Int. Marks : 40
Class& Sem : II Year & IV sem. Ext. Marks : 60
Sub. Code : AOZL1 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Practical -1 Economic Zoology and Clinical Chemistry
Economic Zoology
1. External Morphology of Bombyx mori
2. Identification of lac insects
3. Identification of type of honey bees
4. Bee hives - Model
5. Broilers and layers- types
6. Estimation of Dissolved oxygen in aquarium/fish pond
7. Estimation of pH & Salinity
8. Estimation of CO2 in aquarium/fish pond
9. Honey –Qualitative analyses
Clinical Chemistry
1. Aminoacids separation- TLC
2. Qualitative test: URINE
a) Sugar, b) Albumin, c) Bile salt, d) Ketone
3. Quantitative Test: BLOOD – Estimation of
a) Haemoglobin, b) Sugar, c) Urea, d) Bilirubin
4. Serum protein separation (Agarose –Slide method)
Reference Books
publication, Meerut
1017
M.Sc., Zoology
1018
M. Sc., Zoology
Course Structure (w.e.f. 2014 -16 batch onwards)
I semester
Max Max
Cont T.No
Course Code Subject/Paper Credit Mark Mark Total
Hrs/w Hrs
CA SE
Biological Chemistry and
Core 1 1PZ1 6 5 90 25 75 100
Biophysics
Core 2 1PZ2 Cell and Molecular Biology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Lab in Biological Chemistry
Lab 1PZL1 6 4 90 40 60 100
and Biophysics
Lab in Cell and Molecular
Lab 1PZL2 6 4 90 40 60 100
Biology
Elective Developmental Biology and
1PZE1 6 5 90 25 75 100
1 Evolution
Total 30 23 450 155 345 500
II Semester
Max Max
Hrs/ T.No
week Hrs
CA SE
Core 3 2PZ1 Entomology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Core 4 2PZ2 Microbiology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Lab 2PZL1 Lab in Entomology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Lab 2PZL2 Lab in Microbiology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Elective
2PZE1 Biostatistics & Bioinformatics 6 5 90 25 75 100
2
Total 30 23 450 155 345 500
III Semester
Max Max
Cont T.No
Hrs/w Hrs
CA SE
Core 5 3PZ1 Biotechnology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Core 6 3PZ2 Immunology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Lab 3PZL1 Lab in Biotechnology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Lab 3PZL2 Lab in Immunology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Elective
3PZE3 Plant Tissue Culture 6 5 90 25 75 100
3
Total 30 23 450 155 345 500
IV Semester
Max Max
Cont T.No
Hrs/w Hrs
CA SE
Core 7 4PZ1 Animal Physiology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Core 8 4PZ2 Ecology and Biodiversity 6 5 90 25 75 100
Lab 4PZL1 Lab in Animal Physiology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Lab 4PZL2 Lab in Ecology & Biodiversity 6 4 90 40 60 100
PJ 4PZE1 Project 6 3 90 50 50 100
Total 30 21 450 180 320 500
1019
A) Consolidation of Contact Hours and Credits: PG Botany

I 30 23
II 30 23
III 30 23
IV 30 21
Total 120 90
Interdisciplinary paper: offered by the Department of Botany to M. Sc., Zoology students

Semester III: *Plant Tissue Culture
Interdisciplinary paper : Applied Zoology offered by Dept. of Zoology to M.Sc., Botany

Students.
B) Curriculum Credits
Core --- 75Credits
Elective ---15 Credits
-----------------
Total 90 Credits
-----------------
1020
Course : M.Sc Zoology (Core Paper-1) Int. Marks : 25
Year & Sem : I Year; I Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Sub. Code : 1PZ1 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Biological Chemistry and Biophysics
Course Objectives:
 To understand the structure and functions of biomolecules
 To learn the structural organization of biomolecules
Unit I
Water: Structure – thermal and solvent properties – dissociation of water-pH- dissociation of
weak acids – Henderson and Hasselbach equation – Buffer solutions.
Carbohydrates: Classification; Structure, properties and biological importance of ribose,
deoxyribose, glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, starch, glycogen,
cellulose and chitin.
Metabolism and its regulation: Glycolysis – Kreb‟s cycle – gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis,
glycogenolysis, HMP shunt.
Unit II
Nucleic acid structure, synthesis and metabolism
Amino acids: Basic structure and classification- Physical and chemical properties
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Proteins: Biological significance – Classification
Levels of organization – primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
Ramachandran plot.
Metabolism: Transamination, deamination and transmethylation.
Unit III
Lipids: Biological importance and classification
Structure of triglycerol, waxes, phospholipids, cholesterol and terpenes
Properties and reactions
Biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
Degradation of fatty acids and cholesterol
Ketone bodies and lipid peroxidation.
Unit IV
Vitamins: Structure, occurrence and biochemical functions
Enzymes: Properties, classification, enzyme action and regulation, enzyme kinetics, enzyme
inhibitors/activators Coenzyme, isoenzyme, allosteric enzyme, abzyme and ribozyme
Unit V
Diffusion – Fick‟s laws, constant laws – osmotic gradient – osmotic coefficient – Gibbs
Donnan equilibrium – Active transport
Laws of thermodynamics – Concept of free energy and entropy – exergonic and endergonic
reaction – rate of reactions – energy activation – Arrhenius expression
Bioenergetics – Role of ATP – biological oxidation reduction reaction – redox potentials in
biological system – respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation – high energy
compounds.
1021
Text Books
1. Ambika Shanmugam, 1998, Fundamentals of Biochemistry for Medical students, Published

by the Author, Madras.
2. Satyanarayana, U. and Chakrapani, U. 2009. Biochemistry, Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.,
Kolkata.
Reference Books:
1. Bose, S. 1982. Elementary Biophysics. Vijaya Printers, Madurai.
2. Campbell and Farrell 2008. Biochemistry Cengage Learning India (P) ltd. New Delhi.
3. Casey, E.J. 1969. Biophysics – Concepts and mechanism. East West Press. New Delhi.
4. Conn, E.E., P.K.Stumpf, G.Bruening and R.H.Doi, 1999. Outline of Biochemistry, John
5. Deb, A.C. 2011. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 10th Edition, New Central Book Agency
Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
6. Jain, J.L., Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain. 2010. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition,
S. Chand and Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
7. Mckee, T., and J.R.Mckee, 1996, Biochemistry and Introduction, Won.C.Brown

Publishers, London.
8. Morris, J.G. 1974. A Biologist‟s physical chemistry. II edition. Edward Arnold – A

division of Holder and Stoughton, London.
9. Nelson, D.L., and M.M.Cox, 2010, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th edition,
Worth Publishers, New York.
10. Ramarao, A.V.S.S. and Suryalakshmi, A 2009. Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical
Students, 11th UVS Publishers Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
11. Rastogi, S.C.2010. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New Delhi.
12. Stryer, L., 2000. Fourth edition Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
13. Voet, D., and J.G.Voet, 1995, Biochemistry, second edition John Wiley & Sons Inc, New
York.
14. Zubay, G. 1993, Biochemistry, third edition Won.C.Brown Communications Inc.,

Oxford, England.
1022
Title of the Paper: Cell and Molecular Biology
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the structure and functions of cell and cell organelles
2. To know about gene organization and regulation
Unit I
Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic (plant and animal) cells.
Cell theory, Cell types.
Working mechanism and applications of: light, phase-contrast, fluorescent, electron (TEM
& SEM) and confocal microscopy: Micrometry.
Fluid mosaic model of Plasma membrane, Sodium Potassium pump
Unit II
Structure and function of: Nucleus, golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria,
ribosomes, lysosomes
Structure and function of: Microfilaments and microtubules.
Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis
Chromosome – structural organization - giant chromosomes.
Unit III
Experimental evidence- DNA as genetic material
DNA: forms and types, replication (both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and repair
RNA – types, biosynthesis, function
Plasmids – types and function
Transposons
Mutation and its types
Gene transfer - transformation, conjugation and transduction
Genetic recombination-Holliday model
Unit IV
Protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
mRNA splicing and its significance
Post translational modifications
Gene regulation in prokaryotes: lac and trp operon
Gene regulation in eukaryotes
Unit V
Cell signaling: G-protein coupled and TGFβ receptor system
JAK/STAT, Ras and MAP kinase pathway
Cell migration and Cell-cell interaction
Cell ageing, Cell death and its regulation,
Molecular and biochemical characteristics of cancer cells
Text Books
1. Frifelder, D. 2000. Molecular Biology 2nd edition. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. Krebs, J.E., Goldstein, E.S., Kilpatrick, S.T. 2011 Lewin‟s Genes X, Jones and Bartlett
publishers Inc, London UK
1023
Reference Books
1. Alberts, B. et al. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd edition). Garland Publishing, Inc.,
New York.
2. Allison LA. 2007. Fundamental Molecular Biology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., USA.
3. Cooper, GM and Hawman RE. 2013. Cell a Molecular Approach (6th Edition). Sinauer
Associates, Inc.
4. De Roberties E.D.P and E.M.F.De Roberties 2011. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition.
B.I. Publicatons Pvt. Ltd., India
5. Haddin J. et al. 2011 Becker‟s World of the Cell (8th Editon). Benjamin Cummings
Publishing Company , New York
6. Karp G. 2013. Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc
7. Lewin, B., 2012, Genes-X, Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
8. Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Matsudara, Baltimore and Darnell.1999. Molecular Cell Biology,
Fourth Edition, W.H.Freeman and Company, Newyork.
9. Paul, A. 2009. Cell and Molecular Biology, Books and Allied (P) ltd, India.
10. Power, C.B. 2009 Cell Biology Himalayan Publishing House, New Delhi.
11. Prakash S.L. 2007.Cell and Molecular Biology. M.J.P. publishers, Chennai
12. Watson, J.D., N.H.Hopkins, J.W.Roberts, J.A.Steitz and A.M.Weiner, 1998. Molecular
Biology of the Gene, Fourth edition, The Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Company Inc.,
Tokyo.
13. Wolfe, L.S., 1993. Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wadsworth publishing company.
1024
Course : M.Sc Zoology (Lab-1) Int. Marks : 40
Sub. Code : 1PZLI Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Lab in Biological Chemistry and Biophysics
1. Qualitative analysis of Carbohydrates.

2. Qualitative analysis of Proteins
3. Qualitative analysis of Lipids
4. pH, pKa and pH meter:
a. Working mechanism & determination of pH.
b. Titration of weak acid and strong base (titration curve)
5. Colorimeter: a. Principle and working mechanism
b. Verification of Beer‟s law
c. Quantitative estimation of
i) Carbohydrates
ii) Proteins
iii) Lipids
6. Chromatography: a. Paper chromatography
b. TLC
c. Column chromatography
7. Electrophoresis: – PAGE
8. Centrifuge - Density gradient centrifugation
9. Quantitative estimation of ascorbic acid
10. Enzymes: Analysis of amylase activity
Effect of substrate concentration, pH & temperature on amylase activity
11. Osmosis – Plasmolysis
12. Demonstration of Hill reaction
Reference Books:
1. Anonymous. Open Universiteit .2004, Netharland Analysis of Amino acids, Proteins and
Nucleic acids, Elsevier.
2. Dua, S and N.Garg 2010. Biochemical methods of analysis, Narosa Publishing, New
Delhi.
3. Plummer, D.T. 2008 An Introdction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw- Hill

Publication, New Delhi
1025
Year & Sem. : I Year; I sem. Ext. Marks : 60
Sub. Code : IPZL2 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Lab in Cell and Molecular Biology

1. Observation of different types of tissues
2. Observation of Barr body
3. Observation of giant chromosomes
4. Observation of the stages of mitosis
5. Observation of the stages of meiosis
6. Quantitative estimation of nucleic acids
7. Isolation of mutant colonies by Gradient plate method.
8. Isolation of mutant colonies by Replica plate method.
9. UV-irradiation and photoreactivation experiment
10. Bacterial transformation
11. Conjugation experiment
12. Complementation test
13. Phage isolation and titration
Reference Books
1. Brown, T.A. 1998. Molecular Biology Lab; Gene Analysis, Academic Press, London.
2. Gunasekaran, P. 2008. Laboratory Manual in Microbiology, New Age International (P) Ltd.
Publishers, New Delhi
3. Janarthanan, S. and S.Vincent 2007.Practical Biotechnology, Methods and Protocols.

Univerrsity Press, Hyderabad., India
Publishers, Boston.
5. Miller, J.H. 1992. A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics: A Lab Manual & Hand Book for E.
coli and related Bacteria. Cold spring Harbor Lab press, Cole Spring Harbar
6. Rajamanickam, C.2001. Experimental protocols in basic molecular biology, Osho Scientific

Publications, Madurai.
1026
Course : M.Sc Zoology (Elective Paper-1) Int. Marks : 25
Title of the Paper : Developmental Biology and Evolution
Course Objectives:
 To understand the basis of development and evolution
 To learn the stages of organ development
Unit I
Gametogenesis- spermatogenesis, oogenesis; Gametes-structure and organization. Ovulation,
Hormonal control of ovulation, Fertilization; Parthenogenesis.
Unit II
Cleavage, Blastulation, Gastrulation, Fate map, Morphogenetic movements, embryonic
induction.
Organogenesis-Development of heart, eye, brain and kidney in Chick
Unit III
Male and female reproductive system: sexual cycle, placenta, contraceptive devices and
vaccines, IVF, Twins, Embryo culture, embryo transfer, embryonic stem cells, cloning,
Infertility, Teratogenesis
Unit IV
Theories of organic evolution, germ plasm theory, mutation theory, theory of biogenesis and
modern synthetic theory, evidence of evolution, homologous structures, analogous structures,
vestigial organs, embryological evidences, physiological and biochemical evidences,
Lamarkism, Neo Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
Unit V
Modern concept of evolution, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genetic drift.
Species concept, types of speciation, isolation, types of isolation mechanisms,
polymorphism, fossils, geological time scale, extinction, animal distribution, mimicry and
colouration.
Text books
1. Balinsky, B.I 1981. An Introduction to embryology. W.B.Saunders and Co.London
2. Dobzhansky, T.1973. Evolution. Surjeet Pub. New Delhi
Reference books
1. Berril, N.J.1976. Developmental biology, Tata Mc.Graw Hill Pub.Co.Ltd.

2. Minkoff, E. 1984. Evolutionary Biology.Addison-Wesley publishing Company,
California, USA
3. Theodore, H and Eaton .1970. Evolution.Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. Nairobi
4. Gillbert. S.F.1994. Developmental Biology. Sinauer Associates Inc. Massachusetts, USA.
5. Adams W.1986. Genetic Analysis of Animal Development. A Wiley InterScience
Publication. USA.
6. Arora M.P.2009. Embryology , Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi
1027
Year & Sem : I Year; II Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper: Entomology
Course Objectives:
 To train the students for the identification of different insects
 Make them learn, when and how to control the pests of different crops
Unit I
Classification of Insects
General characteristics of class Insecta and classification up to Order level – characteristics
of each order with examples.
Modern scheme of insect classification:
Apterygota
Pterygota: E xopterygota (Hemimetabolous): Paleopteroid, Orthopteriod, Hemipteroid orders
Endopterygota (Holometabolous): Coleopteroid, Neuropteroid, Panorpoid and Hymnopteroid
orders
Studies on molecular evolutionary relationship between different groups of insects
Unit II
Anatomy and Physiology of Insects:
Respiratory system: Spiracle, tracheal gills, air sacs, trachea and tracheoles
Excretory system: in aquatic and terrestrial insects
Reproductive system: Male – accessory glands – vas efferense, vas difference, aediagus;
Female – spermatheca, panostic, meroistic, telotrophic, polytrophic
Endocrine system: Structure of Corpora cardiaca, Carpora allata and neurosecretary cells;
ecdysone, neuropeptides, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), ATH), JH and its analogue
Unit III
Pests and Pest Management
Pests: Any three major pests of Cotton, Paddy, Sugarcane, Ground nut and Tomato
Vectors: Insect vectors of plant pathogens and IPM: Aphids, leafhoppers, white flies
Chemical control: Insecticide – nomenclature, toxicity, mode of entry, mode of action,
synergistic – formulations, law and regulations, repellents, attractants
Unit IV
Biological Control
Parasites and predators – Genetic Control - Breeding insect resistance host; Ecological
control – Cultural and mechanical; microbial control – Bacteria – Bacillus thuringiensis
Fungi – Metrhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana
Virus – nuclearpolyhedral virus (NPV) and Granulosis virus (GV)
Protozoans: Nozema locustae
Nematode: Stenernema sp., and Heterorhbdidis sp.
Unit V
Bombyx mori –Biology and silk secretion
Grainage technology- Silkworm rearing-
Pests and Disease management
Biology and silk production of nonmulberry silkworm-Eri, Muga and Tasar
Silk reeling and marketing
1028
Text books
1. David, B.V.2002 Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book Depot, Madras.
2. Ganga, G. and Sulochana chetty,J. 1997. Introduction to Sericulture. II Edn, Oxford
and IBH publishing Co Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books
1. Chapman, R.F. 2008. The insects: Structure and Function. ELBS.
2. Chapman, R.F. and Joern, A. 1990. (eds.). Biology of Grasshoppers. John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
3. Dandin, S.B., J.Jayaswal and K.Giridhar 2003. Handbook of Sericulture Technologies.
Central Silkboard, Bangalore
4. David, B.V and. Ananthakrishnan, T.N. 2004. General and Applied Entomology. Tata
Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.
5. Pedigo, L.P. 2009. Entomology and Pest Management. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
6. Regupathy, A., Palanisamy, S., Chandramohan, N. and Gunathilagaraj,K. 1997. A guide
on Crop Pests. Sooriya Desktop Publishers, Coimbatore, India.
7. Romoser,W.S., Stoffolano Jr, J.G .1998, Entomology, fourth edition, WCB Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Co.
8. Tembhare, D.B. 2009 Modern Entomology, Himalaya publishing house, Mumbai.
9. Wigglesworth, V.B. 1972. The principles of Insect Physiology. Chapman & Hall, New
York.
1029
Title of the Paper: Microbiology
Course Objectives:
 To get a fundamental knowledge about microbes
 To understand the role of microbes in different spheres of life
Unit-I
Microbes in our lives
History of Microbiology- Discovery of microorganisms (Robert Hooke & Leeuwenhoek)
Contributions of Francesco Redi, Needham, Splallanzani, Pasteur, Robert Koch, Edward
Jenner, Ehrlich, Fleming, Dubos and Winogradsky.
Classification based on–Carolus Linnaeus, Carl Woese and Robert –H. Whittaker (Five
Kingdom system)
Unit-II
Microbial Growth – Physical & Chemical requirements
Growth of bacterial culture –Physical & Chemical requirements for growth;
Phases of growth
Prokaryotic cell –ultra structure and functions of bacterial cell wall, plasma membrane,
flagella, pili, capsules, nuclear materials and spores.
Structure of enveloped (Morphology and structure of Herpes) and non-enveloped virus
(Morphology and structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus) and bacteriophages (Morphology and
structure of T4 Bacteriophage).
Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi –Filamentous, non-filamentous and
dimorphic fungi; Morphology and structure of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae.
Unit-III
Metabolic diversity among organisms – Photoautotrophs, Photoheterotrophs,
Chemoautotrophs, Chemoheterotrophs. Energy production –oxidation –Reduction reactions,
Oxidative and Phosphorylation. Metabolic pathways of energy production – Glycolysis,
Entner –Doudoroff pathway, Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration, Photosynthetic metabolisms
–Light & Dark reactions.
Unit-IV
Food Microbiology –Types of foods –Spoilage process (souring, putrefaction, rancidity and
soft rot) Preservation of foods (Physical and Chemical agents) Food poisoning and Microbial
toxins.
Environmental Microbiology – Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling -Nitrogen,
Carbon, Sulphur and Phosphorous.
Unit-V
Applied Microbiology –Sewage Treatment, Biofertilizer (Rhizobium, Azolla) Production of
Penicillin and SCP.
Microorganisms and Human disease – Causative agent, symptoms, transmission, prevention
and control of Tuberculosis, Cholera, Typhoid, AIDS, Hepatitis, Polio and Candidiasis.
Text Books
1. Pelczar, M.J., E.C.S. Chan and N.R. Kreig. 2009. Microbiology, fifth edition. McGraw-
Hill. Book Co. Singapore
2. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R. and Case, C.L. 2009. Microbiology: An Introduction. 9 th
Edition, Pearson Education, Singapore
1030
Reference Books
1. Alcamo, I.E. 2001. Fundamentals of Microbiology, sixth edition, Addison wesley

Longman, Inc. California
2. Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims and M.Blackwell. 2000. Introductory Mycology. fifth
edition John Wiley & Sons. Chichester.
3. Atlas, R.A. and Bartha, R. 2000. Microbial Ecology. Fundamentals and Application,
Benjamin Cummings, New York.
4. Black, J.G.2005. Microbiology-principles and explorations, 6th edition. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. New York
5. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. 2010. A Text Book of Microbiology. S Chand, New
Delhi.
6. Johri, R.M., Snehlatha, Sandhya Shrama, 2010. A Textbook of Algae. Wisdom Press, New
Delhi.
7. Kanika Sharma, 2011. Textbook of Microbiology – Tools and Techniques. 1st Edition,
Ane Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Madigan, M.T., Martinkl, J.M. and Parker, J. 2009. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 12 th
Edition, MacMillan Press, England.
9. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. 2008. Microbiology (7th edition) McGraw Hill,
Newyork.
10. Stanier, R.Y., Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L. 1991. General Microbiology, 5th Ed.,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
1031
Sub. Code : 2PZLI Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper: Lab in Entomology
1. Collection, preservation and identification of insect pests.

2. Types of antennae, mouthparts
3. Patterns and modification in legs and wings
4. Dissection – Cockroach – type study
a. Digestive system and salivary apparatus
b. Spiracle mounting and display of tracheal system
c. Nervous system
d. Neuro endocrine system
e. Malphighian tubules
f. Wing circulation
5. Digestive enzyme analysis
6. Study of haematocytes
7. Food utilization study in an insect
8. Pest sampling and estimates
9. Pheromone trap methods- Demonstration
10. Study on the development of resistance to pesticides – LC50 value
11. Study on the life history of vectors – Mosquitoes and housefly.
12. Isolation of microbial biocontrol agents from soil and cadaver.
Reference books
1. Regupathy, A., Palanisamy, S., Chandramohan, N. and Gunathilagaraj, K. 1997. A
guide on Crop Pests. Sooriya Desktop Publishers, Coimbatore, India.
2. Tembhare, D.B. 2009 Modern Entomology, Himalaya publishing house, Mumbai.
1032
Sub. Code : 2PZL2 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Lab in Microbiology
1. Equipments needed for Microbiology Laboratory

2. Precautions to work in Microbiology Laboratory
3. Sterilization methods –moist heat, dry heat, filteration and radiation
4. Preparation of culture media –solid (Selected and differential)and liquid
5. Isolation of single colonies on solid media – Slant, Streak –Simple and Quadrant
6. Enumeration of bacterial numbers by serial dilution and plating
7. Isolation of Bacteria, actionomycetes and fungi from soil
8. Microscopic observation of bacteria –Simple and Differential staining
9. Spore staining
10. Bacterial motility- Hanging drop method
11. Biochemical test –IMViC TEST, Oxidase and catalase
12. Nitrate Reductase test
13. Slide culture technique and fungal staining –Yeast and filamentous fungi
14. Measurement of the size of the bacterial cell
15. Methylene Blue Reductase test –Milk quality
Refference Books
1. Cappuccino and Sherman, 2012. Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. 7th Edition,
Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

3. Harry W. Seeley, J.R., Paul, J.VanDemark and John J.Lee. 1997. Microbes in Action – A
Laboratory Manual of Microbiology. W.H.Freeman and Company, New York
4. Kanika Sharma, 2009. Manual of Microbiology – Tools and Techniques. 2nd Edition, Ane
Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Kulanthaivel,S and S. Janarthanan 2012. Practical Manual on Fermentation Technology.

I.K. International Publishing house. New Delhi
1033
Course : M.Sc Zoology (Elective Paper-2) Int. Marks : 25
Year & Sem : II Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Sub. Code : 2PZE1 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

Course Objectives:
 To train the students to handle data and substantiate their findings using valid statistical
analyses
 To familiarize students in using Microsoft office Excel(statistical tools) and on
bioinformatics tools
Unit I
Statistical population and sample in biological studies, variables – qualitative and
quantitative; Types of biological data-ratio, interval, ordinal, nominal, discrete and
continuous; Sampling methods – probability and non-probability methods; Frequency
distribution, Representation of data – Tables; histogram, frequency curve and ogives
Unit II:
Measures of central tendency – mean, median and mode; Measures of dispersion –range,
quartile deviation, standard deviation, variance, standard error, kurtosis; Probability
distribution – binomial, Poisson and normal distribution. Symmetry- skewness and Kurtosis,
proportions of a normal curve- Z scores, assessing normality, confidence limits. Practical
training using MS-Office excel.
Unit III:
Testing of hypothesis – Null and alternate hypothesis, Mann-Whitney U test, Student „t‟
distribution, , Two tailed and one tailed hypotheses concerning mean, confidence limits for
the population mean, variability about the mean; null hypothesis, one sample t-test, paired and
unpaired t-tests.Chi-square test, test of independence, Practical training using MS-Office
excel.
Unit IV:
Data transformations. Arcsine, logarithmic and square root transformations. Correlation –
types, methods of correlation – graphic method, mathematical method; Karl Pearson‟s Rank;
Regression analysis – equation, estimation of unknown value from known value; Single factor
ANOVA; basic assumptions under ANOVA, loss of replications, ANOVA with two
treatments. Aposteriori comparisons- The Tukey test. Practical training using MS-Office
excel.
Unit V:
Bioinformatics- Introduction- Biological databases- DNA and protein sequence databases,
structural databases-PDB
Applications-Similarity search (FASTA, BLAST), Multiple sequence alignment-Clustal W
(Conserved domains search), Mult Align, Homology modelling, Phylogenetic analysis. Data
mining tools for Biomedical applications-SNP analysis, drug designing and docking.
Text Books
1. Khan., IA, Khanum, A. (2004) Fundamentals of Biostatistics second edition, Ukaaz
publications, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
2. Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice – Hall International, USA.
1034
Reference Books
1. Arora, P.N and P.K.Malhan 2008. Biostatistics. Himalaya Publications, Mumbai.
2. Attwood, T.K. and Parry, D.J – Smith, D.J. 2002. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Pearson
Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
3. Daniel, W.W (2006) Biostatistics-A foundation for analysis in health sciences, John Wiley
(Asia) & sons, Singapore.
4. Gupta S.P. 1987. Statistical Methods. Sultan Chand & Sons Publishers, New Delhi
5. Gurumani, N. 2004. An Introduction to Biostatistics. MJP publishers, Chennai.
6. Misra, B.N. and Misra, B. K. 1998. Introductory Practical Biostatistics. Naya Prakash,
Calcutta.
7. Mount, W. 2001. Bioinformatics Sequence and Genome Analysis. Cold Spring harbour
Laboratory Press, New York
8. Palanichamy, S. Manoharan, M. 1994. Statistical methods for Biologists, Palani Paramount

Publications, Tamil Nadu.
9. Pevsner 2003. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Wiley Dreamtech India Ltd., New
Delhi
10. Pillai, RSN and Bagavathi, V. 1989. Statistics Theory and Practice. S Chand & Company
Ltd. New Delhi.Banergi, P.K. 2004 Introduction to Biostatistics, S.Chand & company Ltd.
New Delhi.
11. Schefler W.C. 1980. Statistics for the biological sciences. Addison-Wesley publishing
company, New York.
12. Sokal, R.R. and Rohif, F.J. 1987. Introduction to Biostatistics. W.H. Freeman and company,
New York.
13. Sundar Rao, P.S.S. and Righard, J. 2002. An Introduction to Biostatistics. III edn. Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi.
1035
Year & Sem : II Year; III Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Biotechnology

Course Objectives:
 To introduce the basic principles of genetic engineering
 To learn various methods of gene transfer and manipulation
Unit I
Genetic engineering Tools–Enzymes involved in gene manipulation – Host vector system –
Plasmids- Phages–– Cosmids – Phagemids – artificial chromosomes (YAC, BAC, PAC,
HAC) –– Expression vectors – viral vectors (Adenovirus and reterovirus).
Applications of Genetic engineering in Medicine, Agriculture, Environment.
Unit II
Different strategies of cloning – Library Construction - genomic and cDNA libraries -Gene
transfer methods in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes- Sequencing methods (Maxam and
Gilbert-Sanger dideoxy). Screening of recombinant clones – Genetic, Biochemical and
Immuno screening.
Unit III
Transgeneisis in animals & Plants- Knockout genes- RNA interference- Differential gene
Expression – Microarray – QPCR- SAGE - MPSS. DNA finger printing (RFLP, STR, VNTR
& SNP).
Unit IV
Animal cell culture –natural and defined media – Primary cell culture (suspension and
adherent) – Development and maintenance of cell lines – cell hybridization.
Cryopreservation. Stem cell isolation and culture. Plant tissue culture - callus culture -
Protoplast fusion technique – synthetic seeds.
Unit V
Fermentor design and components-large scale culture of microbes-batch culture and
continuous culture - production of primary and secondary metabolites- penicillin, protease.
Downstream processing – Enzyme immobilization -biomass production-waste treatment-ore
leaching.
Text Books
1. Dubey R.C. 2009.A text book of Biotechnology.S.Chand & Company, New Delhi
2. Glick, R and Pasternak , J 1994. Molecular Biotechnology. Panima Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi
Reference Books
1. Brown, T.A. 2006. Gene Cloning & DNA Analysis: An introduction. V edn. Blackwell
publishing USA.
2. Balasubramanian, D., C.F.A. Bryce, K.Dharmalingam, Y.Green, Kunthala Jeyaraman.
2004. Concepts in Biotechnology. Universities (P) ltd. Hyderabad.
3. Chawla, H.S.2000 Introduction to Biotechnology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt.Ltd.New Delhi.
4. Crueger, W. and A. Crueger, 2000. Biotechnology: A Test Book of Industrial
Microbiology, 2nd edn. Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
5. Mitra,S.1996 Genetic Engineering Principles and Practice Macmillan India Ltd. India
6. Trehen, K.2002. Biotechnology, New Age International (P) Ltd. New Delhi
7. Trevan, M.D., S.Boffey, K.H. Goulding and P.Stanbury, 1990, Gene Biotechnology –
Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
1036
Title of the Paper
[
: Immunology
Course Objectives:
 To acquire knowledge on immunity and immune system
 To learn about the importance of vaccines and vaccination
Unit I
Introduction and Overview – Historical perspective, Types of immunity – Innate:anatomic,
physiologic, phagocytic, and inflammatory–Acquired or Adaptive: antigenicspecificity–
diversity- Immunologic memory–self/nonself recognition, Humoral–Cell-mediated immunity,
Cells and organs of the immune system – Ontogeny and development of Immune cells –
immunogenicity – Antigen – characteristics, classes of antigens-Haptens –Adjuvants.
Antibody – structure, isotypes& functions.Generation of antibody diversity; Ag-Ab
interactions – principles and assays, Pattern-Recognition Receptors
Unit II
Generation of B and T cell responses – Antigen binding receptors – T cell receptors, B cell
receptors and MHC (HLA) molecules, B cell maturation, activation and differentiation –
Major Histocompatibility complex – Antigen processing and presentation – T cell maturation,
activation and differentiation – Principle of Antigen antibody interactions - precipitation
reaction, Agglutination reaction– crossreactivity.
Unit III
Immune effector mechanisms – Cytokines – functional properties; Complementsystem –
Classical – Alternate -Lectin components, activation; Cell mediated immunity-Cytotoxic T
cells, NK cells, ADCC, Hypersensitivity – antibody mediated(Type I) reactions, antibody
mediated cytotoxic (Type II) reactions, Immune complex mediated (Type III)
hypersensitivity, T cell mediated (Type IV) delayed hypersensitivity. Immune response to
infectious diseases – viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminthes.
Unit IV
Tolerance and Autoimmunity – organ specific autoimmune diseases, systemic autoimmune
diseases, Immunodeficiency diseases – Phagocytic, complement deficiencies, humoral, cell
mediated, combined immune deficiencies, Acquired Immunodeficiency. Immune system in
health – Vaccines – active and passive immunization; Organism vaccines – recombinant
antigen & vector vaccines – DNA vaccines – synthetic peptide vaccines, edible vaccines.
Tumour immunology - immune evasion mechanismof tumour. Cancer vaccines.
Unit V
Transplantation immunology –Transplantation antigens, immunological basis of graft
rejection, immunosuppressive therapy - Immunotechniques and Immunotechnology-
Application of precipitation, agglutination, ELISA, RIA, Western blotting,
immunofluorescence techniques. Monoclonal antibody production - antibody engineering.
1037
Text Books:
1. Coico, R., Sunshine, G., Benjamini, E., 2003 Immunology: A Short Course, VIth edition.
Wiley-Blackwell, New York
2. Goldsby, R.A., Kindt, T.J., Osborne, B.A., Kuby, J. 2002. Immunology, Vth edition, W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York.
Reference Books:
1) Abbas, A.K., A.H. Lichtmann and Y.S. Pober. 2000, Cellular and Molecular
Immunology, fourth edition, W.B. Saunders company, London.
2) Coleman, R.M., M.F. Lombard., & N.E. Sicared. 1992. Fundamental Immunology,
second edition, Wm.C. Brown Publishers, USA.
3) Cruse, J.M. & R.E. Lewis. 1998. Atlas of Immunology. CRC Academic Press. New
York.
4) Delves, P.J., Martin, S.J., Burton D.R., Roitt, I.M. 2011. Roitt‟s Essential Immunology.
XIIth edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
5) Goldsby, R.A., T.J. Kindt., & B.A. Osborne. 2000. Kuby Immunology. Fourth edition.
W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
6) Nandhini Shetty. 1993. Immunology – Introductory Text Book, Wiley Eastern Limited,
New Delhi.
7) Roitt., Brostaff J. and Male D. 2001 Immunology VI edition, Mosby, London.
1038
Title of the Paper :Lab in Biotechnology
1. Isolation of Plasmid and Genomic DNA from microbes

2. Isolation of Genomic DNA from animal tissues
3. Restriction digestion of Plasmid DNA
4. Competent cell preparation
5. DNA ligation, Recombinants selection- blue white screening
6. Demonstration of PCR amplification
7. Demonstration of Western Blotting
8. Protoplast Isolation
9. Biogas production-demonstration
10. Ethanol production-Khune‟s fermentation
Refrences
1. Ausubel, F.M.1997. Short Protocosl in Molecular Biology, Second Edition, John Wiley &
Sons. Harvard Medical School.
2. Brown, T.A. 1998. Molecular Biology Lab Fax II Gene analysis, Second Edition, Academic
Press, UK.
3. Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995. DNA cloning – A practical approach, Vol. 1 - 4, IRC
Press.
4. Hardin C, Edwards, J A.Riell, D.Presutti, W.Millerr and D.Robertson.2008. Cloning Gene

Expression and Protein Purification.Oxford Univeristy Press.U.K.
5. Janarthanan, S. and Vincent, S. 2007. Practical Biotechnology: Methods and protocols,

University Press.
6. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. 2001. Molecular Cloning – A lab manual. Vol. III
– Second Edition CSH Press, Cold spring harbor.
7. Swami, P.M. 2009. Lab Manual of Biotechnology. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
1039
Title of the Paper : Lab in Immunology

1. Virtual dissection and Display of Lymphoid organs of mice and chicken.
2. Enumeration of percentage occurrence of innate and adaptive immune cells.
3. Isolation of lymphocytes from sheep spleen
4. Raising of polyclonal antibodies in fish:Part -1.Preparation of different types of antigen
5. Raising of polyclonal antibodies in fish: Part -2. Immunization protocol for different antigens
6. Raising of polyclonal antibodies in fish: Part -3. Bleeding techniques in different animal
models (virtual and real time in fish)
7. Natural haemolytic/antibacterial activity of unimmunized serum
8. Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins
9. Complement mediated haemolysis
10. Haemagglutination (or) Haemolysin titration assay
11. Bacterial agglutination assay
12. Isolation and enumeration of lymphocytes from human blood.
13. Determination of lymphocyte viability by Trypan blue dye exclusion test
14. Scale allograft rejection in fish
15. Estimation of serum lysozyme and total peroxidase secretion
Reference books:
1. Garvey J.S., Cremer N.E and Sussdorf D.H., Methods in Immunology, (1983), 3rd ed.,
Benjamin / Cummins Publishing, London.
2. Hudson L and Hay F.C., Practical Immunology, (1989), 3rd ed., Blackwell Publishing,
London.
3. Stites D.P., Terr A.L and Parslow T.G., Basic and Clinical Immunology, (1994), Prentice
Hall Publishing, Canada.
1040
Course : M.Sc., Botany (Inter Disciplinary) Int. Marks : 25
Sub. Code : Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Applied Zoology (offered to M.Sc., Botany Students)
Course Objectives
 To know some economically important insects
 To be familiar with the different types of animal cultures
Unit I
Protozoan and Helminthic parasites: Biology, pathogenicity and control measures of
Plasmodium vivax, Entamoeba Histolytica, Wuchereria bancrofti & Ascaris
lumbricoides. Major infectious and communicable disease: Pathogenicity, symptoms,
treatment, prevention of Syphilis & AIDS.
Unit II
Agricultural insect pest: Biology, damage caused and control measures of any one insect
pest of paddy (Scirpophaga incertulas), cotton (Helicoverpa armigera) & sugarcane
(Chilo infuscatellus). Veterinary parasites: Biology, damage caused and control measures
Tabanus striatus, Bovicola bovis & Haematobia irritans.
Unit III
Apiculture: Species of honey bees - Newton‟s bee hive - rearing of honey bees -
economic importance of honey. Sericulture: Types of silk - life cycle of mulberry
silkworm (Bombyx mori) and rearing. Lac culture: Strains of lac insects - cultivation of
lac insect and economic importance.
Unit IV
Fish culture: Types of fish farming - cultivable freshwater fishes of catla, mrighal & rohu
- economic importance of fishes. Prawn culture: Types of prawn fishery - species of
prawns - culture of fresh water prawns. Pearl culture: Types of pearl oysters and their
occurrence - pearl formation - pearl culture techniques.
Unit V
Vermiculture: Cultivable earthworm - culture technique - economic importance. Poultry:
Housing - food and feeding of fowls - breeds of poultry (layers and broilers) - disease
control (Ranikhet & Pullorum).
Text Books:
Reference Books:
1. Ahsan, J. and S.P. Sinha, 1985, A hand book on economic zoology, Third edition, S.
2. Banerjee, G.C., 1986, Poultry, Second edition, Oxford & IBH publisher, New Delhi.
3. Fenemore, P.G. and A. Prakash, 1992, Applied Zoology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi.
4. Kotpal, R.L., S.K. Agrawal and R.P. Khetarpal, 1985, Invertebrate Zoology, Sixth
edition, Rastogi publication, Meerut.
6. Singh, R.A., 1984, Poultry production, Kalyani publisher, New Delhi.
1041
Year & Sem : II Year; IV Sem Ext. Marks : 75
Title of the Paper : Animal Physiology
Course Objectives
 To understand the structural organization of different systems within body
 To study the functions of different organ systems in animals
Unit I
Feeding and digestion, nutritional types; feeding mechanisms; digestion –intracellular &
extracellular, digestion in mouth, digestion in stomach, absorption- absorption of
carbohydrates, fats, proteins; mechanisms of absorption; defaecation.
Unit II
Respiration-external respiration; respiratory movements, breathing; ventilation; process of
gaseous exchange; respiratory pigments
Hemoglobin as oxygen carrier, respiratory quotient; respiratory exchange in tissuses;
regulation of respiration.
Unit III
General functions of blood, blood cells; blood group ;blood vascular system; heart beat and
functioning of heart; cardiac cycle ;regulation of heart beat; heart sound; blood
pressure;blood clotting mechanism
Excretion-products of excretion; excretory organs in animals; structure and function of
human kidney, mechanism of urine formation.
Osmoregulation- osmoregulators, conformers, stenohaline and euryhaline, osmoregulation in
fishes and crustaceans
Thermoregulation-hibernation, aestivation, diapause
Unit IV
Muscle system-ultra structure of muscle fibres, mechanism of muscle contraction-
biochemical changes during contraction.
Nervous system, CNS and ANS; neurons; propagation of nerve impulses- synaptic
transmission. Reflex action and reflex arc, sense organs
Unit V
Endocrine system- structure, hormones, endocrine glands, pituitary, thyroid parathyroid,
adrenal glands, Islets of Langerhans, thymus, pineal body,
reproduction in vertebrates- mammals
Text books
1. Bijlani, R.L. 2001. Fundamentals of Physiology. I edn. JayPee brothers, New Delhi
2. Subrahmanyam, S., Madhavankutty, K. and Singh, H.D. 1996 (Eds). Text Book of Human
Physiology. S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
References
1. Clancy, J. and Mc Vicar, A.J. 1995. Physiology and anatomy. Edward Arnold, London.
2. Fox, S.I. 1999. Human Physiology. VI edn. Mc Graw-Hill Publications, New Delhi.
3. Hoar W.S 2004. General and Comparative Physiology. Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd.New Delhi
4. Joshi, A.S. 1998. Human Physiology. VI Edn., The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, California
5. Marieb, E.N. 1998. Human anatomy and Physiology. IV edn. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company,
California.
6. Renganathan, T.S. 2002. A text book of Human Anatomy. VI edn. S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Singh, H.R and Neeraj Kumar 2009. Animal Physiology and Biochemistry.Vishal Publishing Co, New Delhi.
8. Tortora, G.J. 1994. Introduction to the human body: The essentials of anatomy and physiology. III edn. Harpers
Collins College Publishers, New York.
9. Vander, A.J. Sherman, J.H. and Luciano, D.S. 1994. Human Physiology: The mechanism of body functions, VI
edn. Mc Graw-Hill Publications, New York.
1042
Course : M.Sc Zoology (Core-8) Int. Marks : 25
Title of the Paper: Ecology and Biodiversity
Course Objectives
 To learn the concepts and components of ecosytems
 To learn about biodiversity and different indices
Unit 1:
Population: Population growth curves, altruism, kin selection, r and k selection, age distribution
(pyramids) – population distribution – Interaction among populations – competition and
coexistence, mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, predation, parasitism
Community: Classification – theory of island biogeography, biogeographic realms of India,
composition
Unit 2:
Changes in community structure: Succession – Primary and secondary succession, process of
succession, patterns in species richness during succession, trophic interaction, food web patterns
and complexity – chain length, linkage, linkage density and connectance, ecological pyramids,
energy flow, ecological niche, ecotone, edge effect - landscape and its elements
Unit 3:
Biological diversity – Species richness gradient, levels of diversity – genetic, species and
ecosystem diversity, patterns of diversity – alpha, beta and gamma diversities, diversity indices –
Shannon, Simpson, Brillounin index, Jaccard index, Keystone species – predators, food source,
Ecosystem modifiers and ecosystem engineers, indicator species, endemism and hot spots-
ecosystem services
Unit 4:
Threats to biodiversity – IUCN categories of threat, red data book, causes for biodiversity loss –
habitat fragmentation, bioinvasion, pollution – types, causes, effects and mitigation measures –
Global climate change – its effects on environment, agriculture, disease outbreak –
Organizations/programmes – UNEP, IPCC, MAB, GEF, CBD, CITIES, Ramsar Convention,
MoEF (India), NERI, NBA (India) – a brief account only
Unit 5:
Conservation and mitigation: Environmental impact assessment, remote sensing in EIA, man-
animal conflicts, insitu (biosphere reserves, national parks, wild life sanctuaries, sacred grooves)
and exsitu conservation (Zoological and Botanical gardens, cryopreservation, tissue culture),
Project Tiger, IBCN, Joint Forest Management - Waste management – solid and liquid waste
disposal - Alternate energy sources – biomass, wind and solar energy.
Text Books
1. Odum, E.P. 1996. Fundamentals of Ecology. Nataraj Publishers, Dehradun.
2. Stiling, P. 2004. Ecology – Theories and applications. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
References
1. Briggs, D., Smithson, P., Addison, K. and Atkinson. K. 1997. Fundamentals of Physical Environment. II edn.
Routledge. UK.
2. Chang, K. 2002. Geological Information system. Tata McGraw Hill publishers. New Delhi.
3. Cunningham, W.P. and Saigo, B.W. 1999. Environmetal science. Vth edn. Tata McGraw Hill publishing Co.,
New Delhi.
4. Krishnamoorthy, K.V. 2004. An Advanced Text Book of Biodiversity-principles and practice. II reprint. Oxford
& IBH Publishing Co. pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Mackenzie, N., Ball, A.S. and Virdee, S.R. 1999. Instant notes in Ecology. Viva Books pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Meffe, G.K. and Carroll, C.R. 1994. Principles of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., USA.
7. Miller Jr, G.T. 1996. Living in the environment. IX edn.
8. Scanvic, J.Y. 1997. Aerospatial Remote sensing in Geology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
1043
Title of the Paper : Lab in Animal Physiology
1. Effect of temperature on salivary amylase activity

2. Effect of pH on salivary amylase activity
3. Effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity
4. Observation of Haemin crystals in human blood
5. Estimation of Haemoglobin – Sahli‟s method
6. Estimation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate – Westergren‟s method
7. Estimation of Blood Glucose
8. Estimation of Blood Urea
9. Determination of blood pressure using Sphygmomanometer
10. Qualitative analysis of urine for albumin, sugar, ketone bodies and bile salts
11. Qualitative analysis excretory products –Ammonia, urea, uric acid
12. Determination of sperm count and its motility
Reference books:
1. Hoar W.S 2004. General and Comparative Physiology. Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd.New
Delhi
2. Singh, H.R and Neeraj Kumar 2009. Animal Physiology and Biochemistry.Vishal Publishing
Co, New Delhi.
1044
Title of the Paper : Lab in Ecology and Biodiversity
1. Ecosystem designing – tracing food chain, food web and Ecological Pyramids.
2. Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen in water samples
3. Estimation of free carbon di oxide in water samples
4. Determination of alkalinity in water samples
5. Measurement of primary productivity in an ecosystem
6. Estimation Biological Oxygen demand of an aquatic ecosystem
7. Morphometric studies of a pond.
8. Biological water quality analysis – Pollution indicators
9. Analysis of Industrial effluents and waste waters
10. Detection of mutagenic agents in water samples using Ames test.
11. Survey of transport flow in Madurai city
12. Survey on the diversity of agroproduces in vegetable markets
13. Assessment of pollution status of river Vaigai.
14. Calculation of diversity indices
15. Survey on domestic biodiversity
References
1. Briggs, D., Smithson, P., Addison, K. and Atkinson. K. 1997. Fundamentals of Physical
Environment. II edn. Routledge. UK.
2. Chang, K. 2002. Geological Information system. Tata McGraw Hill publishers. New Delhi.
3. Cunningham, W.P. and Saigo, B.W. 1999. Environmetal science. Vth edn. Tata McGraw Hill
publishing Co., New Delhi.
4. Joseph, and Nagendran, R. 2005. Essentials of environmental studies. II reprint. Pearson and
5. Krishnamoorthy, K.V. 2004. An Advanced Text Book of Biodiversity-principles and
practice. II reprint. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Mackenzie,N., Ball, A.S. and Virdee, S.R. 1999. Instant notes in Ecology. Viva Books pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi.
7. Meffe, G.K. and Carroll, C.R. 1994. Principles of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates,
Inc., USA.
1045
Course : M.Sc Zoology (Elective paper) Int. Marks : 50

Sub. Code : 4PZE1 Max. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper : Project
1046
M.Phil Zoology
1047
M.Phil., Zoology
Course Structure (w.e.f. 2014 batch onwards)
I semester
Course Code Subject/Paper Cont Credit T.No Max Max Total
Hrs/w Hrs Mark Mark
CA SE
Core 1MZ1 Research Methodology-I 8 120 100 100 200
Core 1MZ2 Applied Entomology 8 120 100 100 200
Total 240 200 200 400
II Semester
Course Code Subject/Paper Cont Credit T.No Max Max Total

Hrs/w Hrs Mark Mark
CA SE
Core 2MZ1 Research 8 120 100 100 200
Methodology-II
Project 100 100 200
Total 120 200 200 400
1048
Course : M.Phil, Zoology Int. Marks : 100
Semester. : I Sem Ext. Marks : 100
Sub. Code : 1MZ1 Max. Marks : 200
Hrs/Week :8 TotalHours :120
Title of the Paper: Research Methodology I
Unit : 1
Bomb calorimeter – description of unit – operation and estimation of calorific values –
Microkjldhal method of estimating nitrogen content of biological samples – calculation.
pH meter- determination of pH –buffers – principle –operation and description of the
apparatus. Dissociation constant of acids – titration curve of acids and bases.
Unit : II
Colorimetry – Spectrophotometry – Beer and Lambert‟s law. Principle and description of
the apparatus – applications. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, FT-IR, NMR, XRD, EDAX,
MALDI ToF- MS, LC-MS
Unit : III
Chromatography – paper, column, thin layer, gas chromatography, HPLC –Principle -
description– applications of various chromatography. Electrophoresis – Principle, method
and application of acrylamide and agarose gel electrophoresis.Two dimensional gel
electrophoresis.
Unit : IV
Basic principles and sedimentation - types of centrifuge –density gradient and ultra
centrifuge – applications. Basic principles of microscope – compound, electron(SEM, TEM)
tunneling, phase contrast, fluorescent, confocal – applications. Micrometry –fixative and
staining – methods of embedding, sectioning, staining.
Unit : V
Sampling – measures of central tendency – tests of significance –Chi square test –„t‟ test –
correlation and regression analysis –ANOVA- RBD, CBD, split plot design- TUKEY test.
Referencing software – preparation of manuscript – proof reading – bibliography-citation
index-H index-i10 index-impact factor- plagiarism
Reference books:
1. Colowick and Kaplan –Methods in Enzymology Vol I –VI Academic press.
2. Jayaraman, J.1985. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi.
3. Palanivel, .P.2000. Laboratory Manual for Analytic Biochemistry and Separation
4. Plummer, D.T. 2003, An Introduction of practical biochemistry III rd edn. Tata Mc Graw
Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Sadasivam, S and Manickam, A. Biochemical Methods, II nd edn. New AGE
international Pvt .Ltd and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
6. Sawhney, S.K. and Randhir S. 2006. Indroduction to Practical Biochemistry, II nd edn.
Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd New Delhi.
7. Williams, B.L. and Wilson , K. 1983. A Biologist Guide to Principles And Techniques of
Practical Biochemistry, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. London.
8. Wilson, K. And Walker, J. 1995. Principle and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry IV
th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1049
Semester. : I Sem Ext. Marks : 100
Hrs/Week :8 TotalHours : 120
Title of the Paper: Applied Entomology
Unit: I
An outline classification and taxonomy of Class Insecta down to order level
Unit: II Helpful insects
Productive insects – Honey bee and lac insect-Insect pollinators-Predators and parasites-
Weed killers-Soil builders-Scavengers- Aesthetic and scientific values of insects
Harmful insects - Insects pests of crops and control measures
Pests of rice-Pests of cotton- Pests of sugarcane- Pests of stored products - Insect pest in
relation to public heath and household with reference to Mosquito and Housefly.
Unit: III The idea of insect population
Ecosystem and agro ecosystems-The ecological role of insect outbreak-Regulation of insect
population Economic decision levels for Insect Pest- populations, Economic damage,
Economic injury level, Economic threshold, Calculation of economic decision level. Insect
pest management - theory and practice
The concept and development of insect pest management-Ecological management of the crop
environment.
Unit: IV Plant resistance and insects:
Insect and host relationships.-Mechanism of resistance; Non – preference, antibiosis,
tolerance -Factors mediating the expression of resistance - physical and biological pest
control: Methods and principle of pest control.-Natural control
Application of artificial or direct method-Biological control
Integrated control-Role in juvenile mimics and pheromones in the management of insect
pests-Recent advances in using plant products in the management of insect pests-Microbial
bio insecticides- IPM in cotton.
Unit: V
Insecticides classification of Insecticides
Classification based on mode of entry-Classification based on mode of action
Classification based on chemical nature
Plant production appliances:
Dusting and dusters-Aerosols-Spraying and sprayers- Vaporisers
Reference books:
1. Ananthakrishnan, T.N. 1982. Recent advances in Entomology in India. S. Viswanathan
Publishers.
2. Busvine, J.R. 1980. Insect and Hygiene. III edition, Chapman& Hall, New York.
3. Chapman, R.F. 1982. The insect: Structure and Function. ELBS.
4. Chapman, R.F. and Joern, A.1990. (eds.). Biology of Grasshoppers. John Willy & Sons,
NewYork.
5. David, B.V. and Kumarasamy, T. 2002. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular
Book Depot, Madras.
6. Mani,M.S.1982.General Entomology. Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi.
7. Nayar,K.K. , Ananthakrishnan,T.N. and David, B.V.1976.General and Applied
Entomology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
8. Pedigo, L.P.1996.Entomology and Pest Managment.Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
9. Regupathy, A., Palanisamy, S., Chandramohan, N. and Gunathilagaraj, K. 1997. A guide
on Crop Pests. Sooriya Desktop Publishers, Coimbatore, India.
10. Richards, O.W. and Davies, R.G.1977. Imm‟s General Text Book of Entomology. X
edition. Chapman & Hall, London.
11. Wigglesworth, V.B.1972. The Principles of Insect Physiology. Chapman & Hall,
NewYork.
1050
Semester. : II Sem Ext. Marks : 100
Hrs/Week :8 TotalHours : 120
Title of the Paper: Research Methdology II
Course Objectives:
 To understand the structure and functions of biomolecules
Unit : 1
Cell size determination, Chromosomal preparation, staining,
In situ hybridization, FISH, GISH–karyotyping.
Microbiological techniques- Methods of sterilization- Pure culture techniques- Measurement
of growth –Bacterial staining –Preservation and Maintenance
Unit : II
Techniques in Molecular Biology; Preparation of plasmids from E.coli
Isolation of genomic DNA from eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Southern, Northern and Western blotting and hybridization
PCR amplification, RAPD
Sequencing-DNA and Protein
Unit : III
Techniques genetic engineering: Vector preparation, Restriction digestion and ligation,
expression vectors.
Transformation using Agrobacterium tumifaciens
Transformation–PEG mediated, microinjection, particle bombardment, electroporation
Construction of genomic and cDNA library
Gene expression –promoter gene –reporter genes
Unit : IV
Techniques in Animal tissue culture: Media for culturing cells, tissues- natural and
defined media. Short – term lymphocyte culture (suspension)
Short-term lymphocyte culture (Suspension culture)
Fibroblast cultures from neonatal rat skin. Development and maintenance of cell lineage.
Production and application of monoclonal antibody by Hybridoma technology. In vitro
cultures of oocytes, embryos; Stem cell isolation and culture
Unit : V
Scope and applications of Bioinformatics. Biological databases- DNA and protein- primary
composite, secondary, specialized and structural databases.
Similarity search, pairwise alignment- FASTA, BLAST: Conserved region-Motif
Multiple sequence alignment- Local and global- Clustal W, Multalign.
Phylogenetic analysis- Phylogenetic Trees, types

Neighbor Joining method, Maximum parsimony.
Homology modeling, 3D structure prediction SPDB viewer
1051
Reference books:
1. Attwood, T.K. and Parry, D.J – Smith, D.J. 2002. Introduction to Bioinformatics.
Pearson Education (Singapore) Ptc. Ltd.
2. Baxevanis, A.D. and Quellette, B.F.F. 2001. Bioinformatics. A practical guide to the
analysis of genes and proteins. II edn. Wiley-Intern Science Publication, New York.
3. Hans.Peter – Schmauder .2003. Methods in Biotechnology. Taylor &Francis. London.
4. Janarthanan, S and S.Vincent. 2007. Practical Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols.

Universities press (India) Private Limited. Hyderabad.
5. Kalaiselvan P.T. 2005. Microbiology and biotechnology- A Laboratory Manual. MJP

Publishers, Chennai.
6. Lesk, M.A. 2002. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford Univ. Publishers.
7. Mount, W. 2001. Bioinformatics sequence and genome analysis. Cold Spring harbour
8. Myers, R.L.1989. Immunology, a Laboratory manual, Wm. C.Brown Publishers,

Dubuque, Iowa.
9. Pevsner 2003. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Wiley Dreamtech India Ltd.,
New Delhi
10. Rastogi, S.C.1996. Immunodiagnostics. Principle and Practice, New Age International
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
11. Sambrook, j. Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. 1989. Molecular Cloning-1,2,3 –A Laboratory
Manual II edn. Cold Spring Laboratory Press, USA.
12. Tagu and C.Moussard (eds) .2006. Techniques for Molecular Biology. Science
Publishers. An imprint of Edenbridge Limited., British Isles. P.O.Box. 699, Enfield, New
Hampshire 03748, USA.
13. Talwer, G.P and Gupta, S.K. 1992. A Handbook of Practical and Clinical Immunology,
Vol. I-II, Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
14. Talwer, G.P. 1983. A Handbook of Practical Immunology, VIkas Publishing House
Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.
1052

Semester. : II Sem Ext. Marks : 100
Title of the Paper: Project
1053
M.Sc.,
Microbiology
1054
M.Sc Microbiology
Course Structure (w.e.f. 2014 -16 batch onwards)
Semester – I
Total No. Max. Max.
Contact
Course Code Title of the Paper Credits of Hrs Marks Marks Total
Hrs/W
Alloted CA SE
Core -1 S1PY1 General Microbiology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Microbial Biochemistry and
Core-2 S1PY2 6 5 90 25 75 100
Physiology
Elective Microbial Diversity and
S1PYE 6 5 90 25 75 100
-1 Taxonomy
Lab in General Microbiology,
Lab S1PYL1 Microbial Diversity and 6 4 90 40 60 100
Taxonomy
Lab in Microbial
Lab S1PYL2 6 4 90 40 60 100
Biochemistry and Physiology
Total 30 23 450 155 345 500
Semester – II
Total No. Max
Contact Max.
Course Code Title of the Paper
Hrs/W
Credits of Hrs
MarksCA
marks Total
Alloted SE
Core -3 S2PY1 Immunobiology 6 5 90 25 75 100
S2PY2
Core-4 Microbial Genetics 6 5 90 25 75 100
Elective S2PYE
Molecular Biology 6 5 90 25 75 100
-2
Lab S2PYL1 Lab in Immunobiology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Lab in Molecular Biology and
Lab S2PYL2 6 4 90 40 60 100
Microbial Genetics
Total 30 23 450 155 345 500
Semester – III
Max. Max.
Contact Total No. of
Hrs/W
Credits
Hrs Alloted
Marks Marks Total
CA SE
Core -5 S3PY1 Medical Microbiology 6 5 90 25 75 100
Core-6 S3PY2 Genetic Engineering 6 5 90 25 75 100

Elective Analytical Microbial
S3PYE 6 5 90 25 75 100
-3 Technology
Lab S3PYL1 Lab in Medical Microbiology 6 4 90 40 60 100
Lab S3PYL2 Lab in Genetic Engineering 6 4 90 40 60 100
Total 30 23 450 155 345 500
1055
Semester – IV
Total No. Max. Max.
Contact
Hrs/W
Credits of Hrs Marks Marks Total
Alloted CA SE
S4PY1
Core -7 Bioprocess Technology 6 5 90 25 75 100
S4PY2 Food, Agriculture and
Core-8 6 5 90 25 75 100
Environmental Microbiology
Lab in Bioprocess Technology
Lab S4PYL1 6 4 90 40 60 100
Lab in Food, Agriculture and
Lab S4PYL2 6 4 90 40 60 100
Environmental Microbiology
Project
SPJ SPJ 6 3 90 25 75 100
Total 30 21 450 155 345 500
A) Consolidation of Contact Hours and Credits: PG Botany

I 30 23
II 30 23
III 30 23
IV 30 21
Total 120 90
B) Curriculum Credits
Core --- 75Credits
Elective ---15 Credits
-----------------
Total 90 Credits
-----------------
1056
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Core Paper -1) Int. Marks : 25
Class : I Year Ext. Marks : 75
Semester :I Max. Marks : 100
Sub. Code : S1PY1 No. of Credits :5
Title of the Paper: General Microbiology Hours/Week :6
Course Objectives:
 To inculcate knowledge on fundamentals and classification of microorganisms
 Make them to learn the structural organization, morphology and reproduction of microbes
Unit I
History and scope of microbiology. Characteristics of microorganisms- Morphological,
chemical, cultural, metabolic, antigenic, genetic, pathogenicity and ecological. Microbial
classification, nomenclature and identification. Microscope-Bright field, dark field,
fluorescence, phase contrast, TEM, SEM.
Unit II
Morphology and structure of bacteria - size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cell.
External structure and chemical composition of -flagella, pili, capsules, sheaths, prostheca
and cell wall (Gram positive and Gram negative). Internal structure- cell membrane, cell
inclusions-carbon storage polymers, polyphosphate, sulfur, minerals, magnetosomes, gas
vesicles and carbonate. Formation of endospores.
Unit III
Control of microorganisms - Physical agents- conditions influencing antimicrobial action.
Temperature, Desiccation, Osmotic pressure, Radiation, Filteration. Chemical agents-
characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agents, phenolic compound, Alcohol, Halogens,
Heavy metals, dyes, synthetic detergents,, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Aldehydes,
Gaseous agents. Evaluation of antimicrobial chemical agents.
Unit IV
Outline classification of viruses. Structure and life cycle of viruses- bacterial virus (T4,
Lamda, M13), Animal virus (Pox, Influenza, Adeno), Plant virus (TMV and CMV), Insect
virus (Baculovirus). Mycophages and cyanophages.
Unit V
Outline classification of fungi and algae. Distribution, importance, structure, nutrition and
reproduction of fungi- Dictyostelium, Physarum, Saprolegina, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces,
Agaricus and Fusarium. Algae - Chlamydomonas, Chrysamoeba, Sargassum, Gellidium,
Noctiluca. Lichens - Structures and types
Reference Books:
1. Alcamo, I.E. 2001. Fundamentals of Microbiology, Sixth Edition, Addison wesley Longman, Inc.
California.
2. Alexopoulus, E.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. 2000. Introductory Mycology, Fifth edition, John Wiley
and Sons, New York.
3. Atlas, R.M., 2000. Microbiology Fundamentals and Applications, MacMillan Pub. Co., New York.
4. Chapman, V.J. and Chapman, D.J. 1980. Sea Weeds, Third Edition, Chapman & Hall, London.
5. Davis, B.D., Duelcco, R., Fisen, H.N. and Ginsberg, H.S. 1990. Microbiology, Fourth Edition, Harper &
Row Publishers, Singapore.
6. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. 2010. A text book of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company Ltd,
NewDelhi.
7. Kreig, N.R. 1984. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol I: Sneath, P.H.A., Ed 1986, Vol II:
Staley, J.T. Ed., 1989. Vol III, William., S.T., Ed., 1989, Vol IV William and William Baltimore.
8. Madigan, M.T., Martinka, M., Parker, J. and Brock, T.D. 2009. Twelth Edition, Brock Biology of
Microorganisms, Mac Millan Press,England.
9. Mark Wheelis, 2010. Principles of Modern Microbiology, Jones & Bartlett India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Pelczar, M.J., Schan, E.C. and Kreig, N.R.2010. Microbiology – An application based approach, Fifth
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
11. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Helin, D.A. 2008. Microbiology, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, New York.
12. Salle, A.J. 1996. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New
Delhi.
13. Stainer., R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.H. 1987. The Microbial World, Fifth Edition,
MacMillan Press Ltd., London.
14. Tortora G.J., Funke, B.R. and Case, C.L.2009. Microbiology, Ninth Edition,
Dorling Kindersely (India) Pvt. Ltd., Noida
1057
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Core Paper-2) Int. Marks : 25
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Microbial Biochemistry & Physiology
Course Objectives:
 To develop a sufficient background to students about the structure, function and metabolism
of biological macromolecules
 To provide hands-on experience and a critical appreciation of commonly employed analytical
techniques in biochemistry
Unit I
Carbohydrates: Classification - structure and properties of monosaccharides (glucose,
fructose) and disaccharides (lactose, maltose, sucrose). Properties of polysaccharides -
starch,cellulose, agar- agar and peptidoglycan.
Metabolism and its regulation: Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, kreb‟s cycle, hexose
monophospate shunt, glyoxylate cycle and Entner Doudroff pathway.
Amino Acid: Classification based on structure, polarity, biological importance and
reactivity, physical properties and chemical reactions, biosynthesis of aminoacids – an
overall view.
Protein: Classification, physical and chemical properties. Structure – primary, secondary
(Ramachandran plot), tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
Unit II
Nucleic acids: Structure, synthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines. Enzymes:
Classification, mechanism of enzyme action. Enzyme kinetics – Michaelis Menten
equation, Lineweaver Burk plot. Factors influencing enzyme activity. Enzyme inhibition,
active site, allosteric site. isozyme, ribozyme and abzyme.
Lipids: Classification and properties. Phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis in E.coli.
Metabolism - α, β and γ oxidation of fatty acids and lipid peroxidation.
Vitamins: Vitamins as co - factors and co - enzymes.
Unit III
Growth of Bacteria: Phases of growth, growth kinetics - batch culture, continuous culture,
diauxic growth and synchronous culture - induction of synchrony. Factors affecting
growth - nutrition, aeration, temperature and pH. Physiological adaptation to extreme
environmental conditions. Nutritional types and metabolic diversity - types based on
carbon, energy and electron sources.
Unit 1V
Bacterial Photosynthesis: Historical background. General types of microbial photosynthesis
- oxygenic and anoxygenic. Structure of photosynthetic pigments – chlorophylls,
bacteriochlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins. Photosynthetic bacteria - green sulphur
and purple. Mechanism of photosynthesis - non-cyclic and cyclic electron transport and
photophosphorylation. Carbon assimilation - calvin, reverse citric acid cycle and hydroxy
propionate cycle. Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrogen cycle - ammonification, nitrification,
denitrification, physiology of nitrogen fixation in symbiotic and free living bacteria, genetics
of nitrogen fixation, acetylene reduction assay. Transamination and deamination.
Unit V
Bioenergetics: Principles and laws of thermodynamics.Coupling of chemical reactions -
TCAcycle, electron transport chain, chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell - efficiency of
coupling. Biomembranes: Fluid mosaic model, transport across membrane - diffusion,
osmosis, active transport and group translocation. Sodium – Potassium pump.
1058
Reference Books:
1. Ambika Shanmugam, 1998, Fundamentals of Biochemistry for Medical students,
Published by the Author, Madras.
2. Jain, J.L., Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain. 2010. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Fifth
Edition, S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Satyanarayana, U. and Chakrapani, U. 2009. Biochemistry, Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.,
Kolkata
4. David, A. B. 2003. Nutritional biochemistry of Vitamins, Cambridge.
5. Deb, A.C. 2006. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, New Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd.,
Kolkata.
6. Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet, 1995. Biochemistry. Second Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. New York.
7. Kuchel, P.W. and Ralston, G.B. 2003. Sehamans outlines of biochemistry, Second
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New Delhi.
8. Madigan, M.T., Martinka, M., Parker, J. and Brock, T.D. 2009. Twelth Edition, Brock
Biology of Microorganisms, Mac Millan Press,England.
9. Mckee, T. and Mckee, J.R. 1996. Biochemistry – An Introduction, Wm. C. Brown
Communication Inc., USA.
10. Moat, A.G. and Foster, W. 1988. Microbial Physiology, Second Edition, John Wiley
and Sons, New York.
11. Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. 2002. Lehingers‟s Principles of Biochemistry, Third
Edition, Mac Millan worth Publishers, New Delhi.
12. Schlegel, H.G.2008. General Microbiology, Seventh Edition, Cambridge University
Press, Great Britain.
13. Srivastava, M.L. 2008. Microbial Biochemistry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
14. Stryer, L. 2000. Biochemistry, Fourth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New
York.
15. Voet, A. and. Voet J.G. 1995. Biochemistry, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
New York.
16. Zubay, G. 1993. Biochemistry Vol.I & II, Third Edition, Wm. C. Brown
Communication Inc., USA.
1059
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Lab-1) Int. Marks : 40

Sub. Code : S1PYL1 No. of Credits :4
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in General Microbiology, Microbial Diversity & Taxonomy
1. Laboratory rules and regulations.

2. Cleaning and methods of sterilization.
3. Preparation of culture media.
4. Serial dilution technique.
5. Pure culture technique (A) Pour plate (B) spread plate (C) streak plate.
6. Isolation of bacteria from soil/water/air.
7. Isolation of fungi from soil/water/air.
8. Isolation of actinomycetes from soil.
9. Staining techniques- Simple, Negative, Gram‟s, capsule, Spores.
10. Motility test – Hanging drop method.
11. Measurement of microbial cell size – Micrometry method.
12. Cultivation of anaerobic microbes by pyrogallic acid method.
13. Identification of fungi by lactophenol cotton blue staining method.
14. Fungi slide culture technique.
15. Oligodynamic action of heavy metals on microbes
16. Measurement of bacterial growth rate and generation time –Turbidity and biomass
17. Measurement of fungal growth rate – colony diameter method.
18. Microbial diversity in soil zone - Winogradsky column method.
19. Study of microbial taxonomy by using bacterial morphology and biochemical tests.
20. Collection and identification of algae.
Reference Books:
Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. Beistir, L. 1996. Microbiology in Practice, Sixth Edition, Adeland Wesley, Langman,
New York.
3. Bensen, J.R. 1996. Microbiological Applications: A Lab Manual in General
Microbiology, Sixth Edition, WMc Brown Publication, U.S.A.
4. Cappuccino, J.H. and Sherman, N. 2012. Microbiology – A Lab Manual, seventh
Edition, Dorling Kidersley(India)Pvt., Ltd.,New Delhi.
6. James, G.C. and Sharma, N. 1996. Microbiology: A Lab Manual, Fourth Edition, The
Benjamin/Cumming Publishing Company, USA.
8. Reddy, S.W. and Reddy, R.S. 2000. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, BSC
Publishers &. Distributors, New Delhi.
9. James, G.C. and Sharman, N. 1996. Microbiology - A Lab Manual, Fourth Edition, The
Benjamin / Cummining Publishing Company, U.S.A.
11. Reddy, S.W. and Reddy, R.S. 2000. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, BSC
Publishers &. Distributors.
1060
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology
pH metry.
i) Preparation of buffer
ii) Titration curve of glycine aminoacid -pKA value – estimation.
1) UV visible spectrophotometry.
- Wavelength scan.
- Time scan.
2) Chromatography
- Paper chromatography – circular.
- Thin layer chromatography - separation of aminoacids and lipids.
- Column chromatography – separation of algal pigments by using silica gel.
- Gas chromatography - nitrogenase estimation (Industrial Visit).
- HPLC (Industrial Visit).
3) Carbohydrates:
- Qualitative analysis of carbohydrate (mono, di and polysaccharides).
- Quantitative estimation of glucose and glycogen from bacterial and yeast cell.
4) Proteins:
- Qualitative analysis of proteins.
- Quantitative estimation of protein from bacterial and yeast cell.
5) Enzymes:
- Estimation of alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Effect of pH and temperature on alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Determining the activity of enzyme saccharase in yeast.
6) Centrifugation - density gradient centrifugation – sucrose gradient (Demonstration).
7) FTIR spectroscopy (Demonstration).
8) Environmental factor:
- Effect of temperature on bacterial growth.
- Effect of pH on bacterial growth.
9) Physiological groupings of bacteria.
- Isolation of saccharophilic microorganisms (starch hydrolysis).
- Proteolytic activity of microorganisms (casein and gelatin hydrolysis).
- Lipolytic activity of microorganisms.
- Cellulase Activity by microorgnisms
10) Extraction and estimation of photosynthetic pigments.
- Investigation of Hill reaction.
11) Biochemical Characterization.
- Catalase assay.
- Oxidase test.
- Carbohydrate fermentation test.
- Triple sugar iron agar test.
12) Nitrogen metabolism.
- Nitrate reduction test.
- Uptake of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia by microorganisms.
1061
Reference Books:
2. Cappuccino, J.H. and Sherman, N. 2012. Microbiology – A Lab Manual, seventh
Edition, Dorling Kidersley(India)Pvt., Ltd.,New Delhi .
3. David T. Plummer, 2008. An introduction to practical Biochemistry, Third Edition, Tata
Mc Graw Hill publishing Com. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Jayaraman, J. 1985. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, New Age International (Pvt.)
8. Sawhney, S.K. and Nandhir singh, 2006. Introductory practical Biochemistry, second
edition,Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi.
9. Wilson, K. and Walker, J. 2008. Practical Biochemistry,Cambridge state university
press,UK
1062
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Elective Paper -1) Int. Marks : 25
Sub. Code : S1PYE No. of Credits :5
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Microbial Diversity & Taxonomy
Course Objectives:
 To focus on the structure and function of microbial communities
 To become familiar with taxonomy of microorganisms
Unit I
Discovery of microbial world: History, scope and relevance of microbiology. Introduction to
microbial biodiversity – distribution, abundance, ecological niche of bacterial, archael and
Eukaryal. Prokaryotic diversity: The archea – phylogenetic overview. Euryarcheota –
extremely halophilic archea, taxonomy and physiology of halophilic archea. Methane
producing archea: methanogens – diversity and physiology. Thermoplasmatales –
thermoplasma. Hyperthermophilic euryarcheota: Thermococcales and Methanopyrus.
Unit II
Crenarcheota: Habitat and energy metabolism, cold dwelling microbes (artic and antartic),
hyperthermophiles – terrestrial, volcanic habitats – sulfolobales and thermoproteales.
Evolution and life at high temperature – heat stability of biomolecules, DNA stability, lipid
stability. Limits to microbial existence.
Unit III
Diversity, characteristic features and significance: Spirochaetes - aerobic / microaerophilic
motile, helical / vibriod - non motile gram negative curved bacteria - gram negative aerobic
rod and cocci - facultative anaerobic gram negative rod - anaerobic gram negative straight,
curved & helical rods - sulfur reducing bacteria - anaerobic gram negative cocci -
rickettisias and chlamydias – mycoplasmas - endosymbionts.
Unit IV
Diversity, characteristic features and significance: Gram positive cocci - endospore
forming gram positive rod and cocci- regular, non sporing, gram positive rod – Irregular,
non sporing gram positive rods – Mycobacteria – Nocardioformis.
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria – oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria – aerobic
chemolithotrophic bacteria – budding and appendaged bacteria – sheathed bacteria – non
photosynthetic and non fruiting bacteria - Myxobacteria – archeobacteria.
Unit V
Diversity, characteristic features and significance: Nocardiofrom actinomycetes –
actinomycetes with multilocular sporangia – actinoplanets – Streptomyces and related
genera – Maduromycetes – Thermonospora and related genera – Thermoactinomycetes –
other genera.
Reference Books:
1. Atlas, R.M. 2000. Microbiology Fundamentals and Application, Macmillan Publish Company, New York.
2. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. 2010. A text book of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company Ltd,
NewDelhi.
3. Kreig, N.R. 1984. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol I: Sneath, P.H.A., Ed 1986, Vol II:
Staley, J.T. Ed., 1989. Vol III, William, S.T., Ed., 1989, Vol IV William and William, Baltimore.
4. Madigan, M.T., Martinka, M., Parker, J. and Brock, T.D. 2000. Twelth Edition, Biology Microorganisms,
Prentice Hall, New Jerry.
5. Mark Wheelis, 2010. Principles of Modern Microbiology, Jones & Bartlett India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Pelczar, M.J., Schan, E.C. and Kreig, N.R.2010. Microbiology – An application based approach, Fifth
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
7. Postgate, J. 1998. Nitrogen Fixation, Third Edition, Cambridge University Press.
8. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Helin, D.A. 2008. Microbiology, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, New York.
9. Schlegal, H.G. 2008. General Microbiology, Seventh edition, Cambridge Univeristy Press.
10. Stanier, R., Lingraham, Y., Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, R.P. 1986. General Microbiology, Fifth Edition,
Macmillan, London.
11. Tortora G.J., Funke, B.R.and Case, C.L. 2009. Microbiology, Ninth Edition,
Dorling Kindersely (India) Pvt. Ltd., Noida.
1063
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Core Paper-3) Int. Marks : 25
Semester : II Max. Marks : 100
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper : Immunobiology
Course Objectives:
 To acquire knowledge on immunity and immune system
 To understand the organs and cells in the immune system
 To learn about the importance of overall reactions shown by the immune system
Unit I
History and scope of immunology. Types of immunity – innate, acquired, passive and
active. Physiology of immune response – humoral and cell mediated immunity. Lymphoid
organs – primary and secondary. Cells of immune system – ontogeny and development of
cells in innate and adaptive immune system. Hematopoiesis and stem cells
Unit II
Antigens – characteristics, types, cross reactivity, hapten, adjuvant, immunogenicity and
antigenicity. Immunoglobulins – types, structure and functions. Molecular biology of
immunoglobulin synthesis, antibody diversity and isotype switching. Antigen - Antibody
interactions. Mechanism of antigen recognition by T and B cells. Immunotechnology –
hybridoma and monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering using genetic manipulations –
production of chimeric and hybrid monoclonal antibodies.
Unit III
Immune effector mechanisms: Cytokines – properties and functions. Complement
components – classical and alternate pathways, complement activation, and complement
deficiencies. Hypersensitiivity – anaphylaxis, cytotoxic, immune complex deposition and
cell mediated. Auto immunity - idiotype network and autoimmune diseases. Mechanism of
immune regulation – tolerance.
Unit IV
Immunity to infectious diseases – bacterial (Tuberculosis), viral (AIDS), protozoan and
parasitic diseases (Malaria and Leishmaniasis). Immune deficiency disorders – T cells, B
cells, phagocytic, natural killer cell associated diseases and AIDS. Vaccines: Types –
inactivated, subunit, synthetic, DNA and live attenuated vaccines.
Unit V
Transplantation immunology: Graft versus host reactions. Structure, functions of class I and
class II MHC molecules, HLA typing. Principles of tumour immunology: Tumour antigens,
immune responses to tumour and immunotherapy of malignancy.Immunodiagnosis based on
antigen and antibody interaction - precipitation, agglutination, EIA, RIA, ELISPOT assay,
immunofluorescence techniques, flow cytometry and Immunohistochemistry.
Reference Books:
1. Abbas, A.K., Lichtman, A.H. and Pober, J.S. 2000. Cellular and Molecular immunology, Fourth
Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, London.
2. Arora, M.P. 2010. Immunology, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Coleman, R.M., Lombard. M.F. and Sicard, R.E.1992. Fundamental Immunology, Second Edition,
Wm.C.Brown Publishers, USA.
4. Cruse, J.M. and Lewis, R. 1999. Atlas of Immunology, CRC Press, New York.
5. David, M., Jonathan, B., David, B.R. and Ivan, R. 2008. Immunology, Seventh Edition, Elsevier
Publications.
6. Eli Benjamini, Sunshine G. and Lespcowitz, 2000. Immunology – a short course, Fourth Edition,
Wiley – Liss, New York.
7. Ian R.Tizard, 2009. Immunology – An Introduction, Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
8. Janeway, Jr.C.A. and Travers, P. 2001. Immunobiology, Fifth Edition, Garland Publishing, London.
9. Khan, F.H. 2009. Elements of Immunology, Dorling Kindersley India Pvt. Ltd., India.
10. Goldsby, R.A., T.J. Kindt., & B.A. Osborne,Kuby 2002. Immunology. Fourth edition. W.H. Freeman
and Company, New York.
11. Roitt, I., Brostaff, J and Male, D. 2001. Immunology, Sixth Edition, Mosby, London.
12. Vaman Rao, C. 2008. Immunology, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
1064
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Core Paper- 4) Int. Marks : 25
Title of the Paper: Microbial Genetics Hours/Week :6
Course Objectives:
 To gain knowledge on molecular basis of mutation at microbial level
 To understand the gene regulation and expression mechanisms, role of plasmids and gene
transfer methods
Unit I
Origin of mutation. Biochemical basis of mutation: Spontaneous mutation – randaom and
non – adaptive mutation, mutation rates. Origin of spontaneous mutation – isolation of
mutants. Selection of bacterial variation: Direct - fluctuation test, indirect - replica plating.
Mutagenesis & mutagenic agents. Detection of mutagen - Ames test. Molecular basis of
mutation.
Unit II
DNA damage & repair: DNA damages, hit theory, UV radiation. DNA repair: post
irradiation effects on survival levels - Biochemical repair mechanism - photo reactivation,
liquid holding theory - excision, recombination and SOS repair.
Unit III
Regulation of bacterial gene expression. Lactose system - coordinate regulation, Lac
components, positive and negative regulation, catabolite repression, lac mutant isolation.
Tryptophan operon - repression vs attenuation. Arabinose operon and its regulation.
Unit IV
Plasmids: Types and Properties of plasmids - F, R & Col plasmids. Agrobacterium Ti and
broad host range plasmid. Detection and purification of plasmid DNA. Transfer of plasmid
DNA. Replication of plasmid. Control of copy number, plasmid amplification, curing and
incompatability.
Unit V
Gene transfer mechanisms and recombination: Transformation: Discovery - Griffith
experiment, Avery et al experiment. Detection: standard plating test, competence - DNA
uptake mechanism, molecular mechanism· of transformation, mapping based on
transformation. Conjugation: F plasmid, insertion of plasmid, chromosome transfer
mechanism, mapping based on conjugation - interrupted and uninterrupted mating.
Transduction of Lambda phage DNA, generalized & specialized transduction, molecular
mechanism of lytic and lysogenic cycle in Lambda phage, mechanism of specialized
transduction, co-transduction, mapping based on transduction. Recombination: Types -
Holliday model, enzymes involved in recombination.
Reference Books:
1. Albert, B., Lewis, R. and Watson, B. 1994. Molecular Biology of the cell, Third Edition,
IUOll. Gariand Publishing Inc., New York.
2. David Freifelder. D. 2008. Microbial Genetics, Eighteenth Edition, Narosa Publishing
House, NewDelhi.
3. Freifelder, D. 2000. Molecular Biology, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing house. NewDelhi.
4. Hayes.W. 1968. Genetics of Bacteria and their viruses, Black Well Publication, London.
5. Krebs, J.E., E.S.Goldstein and S.T. Kilpatrick 2009 Lewin‟s Gene X Jones & Bartlelt Publishers,
Boston.
6. Allison, L.A., 2007. Fundamental Molecular Biology, Blackwell Publishing, USA.
7. Malacinski, G.M. and Freifelder, D. 1998. Essentials of Molecular Biology, Third Edition,
Jones and Bartleft publishers, Boston.
8. Stanley R. Maloy, John E.C. and Freifelder, D.2008. Microbial Genetics, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi.
1065
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Immunobiology
I. Immunization Techniques.
1. Preparation of soluble antigen – human serum
2. Preparation of cellular (particulate) antigen - bacterial antigen
3. Methods of antigen administration.
II. Raising of polyclonal antibodies
4. Protocols of immunization.
5. Invivo method of delayed type hypersensitivity.
III. Serum Techniques.
6. Separation and preservation of serum / complements.
7. Demonstration of natural resistance to infection by bacterial killing of serum factors.
8. Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins.
9. Immunoelectrophoretic technique (Rocket, counter - current)
IV. Precipitin Techniques.
10. Agar gel Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion.
11. Mancini single radial immunodiffusion.
V. Agglutination Techniques.
12. Haemagglutination titration assay.
13. Direct agglutination to determine ABO blood grouping.
VI. Visualization and study of Lymphoid Organs from mice and Chicken (Model).
VII. Isolation of immune cells and enumeration.
16. Determination of differential leukocyte count.
17. Isolation and enumeration of lymphocytes from human blood.
18. Determination of lymphocyte viability by trypan blue exclusion test.
19. Identification and enumeration of human T – lymphocyte using E – rosette technique.
20. Isolation and Enumeration of WBC from human blood.
21. Isolation and Enumeration of RBC from human blood.
Reference Books:
1. Carpenter D.L.1975. Immunology and Serology, Third Edition, W.B. Saunders

Company, London.
2. Garvey, J.S., Cremer, N.E. and Sussdorf, D.H. 1977. Methods in Immunology, A
Laboratory Text for Instruction and Research, Third Edition, The Benjamin Cummings
Publishing Company Advanced Book Program, London.
3. Hudson, L. and Hay, F.C. 1989, Practical Immunology, Third Edition, Blackwell
scientific Publications, Oxford.
4. Myers, R.L. 1989. Immunology: A Laboratory Manual, Wm. C.Brown Publishers,
Dubuque, Lowa.
5. Rastogi S.C.1996. Immunodiagnostics Principles and Practice, New Age International (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Talwar, G.P. 1983. A Hand Book of Practical Immunology, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Talwar, G.P. and Gupta, S.K. 1992. A Hand Book of Practical and Clinical Immunology,
Vol. 1 -2, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
8. Turgeon, M.L. 1990. Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, The C.V.
Mosby Company, Baltimore.

1066
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Microbial Genetics & Molecular Biology
1. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria.

2. Isolation of genomic DNA from yeast.
3. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria.
4. Extraction of total RNA from bacteria and yeast
5. Estimation of nucleic acids
a) UV - VIS spectrophotometric analysis.
b) Analysis of nucleic acids by agarose gel electrophoresis.
c) Tm value
6. Detection of proteins by SDS-PAGE.
7. Determination percentage of killing of bacterial cells by UV rays.
8. Plotting of UV survival curve.
9. Plotting of dark repair mechanism.
10. UV sensitivity of Rec A+ and Rec A-.
11. Reversion of auxotroph.
12. Isolation of streptomycin resistant mutants using gradient plate technique.
13. Isolation of petite mutant.
14. Detection of mutagen - AMES test.
15. Isolation of auxotrophic mutant.
16. Gene transfer mechanisms in bacteria
a) Preparation of competent cells for transformation.
b) Stability testing of Hfr C phenotype.
c) Uninterrupted bacterial conjugation.
Phage Genetics
1. Isolation of phage from septic tank.
2. P1 phage lysate preparation.
3. P1 Transduction.
References Books:
1. Ausubel, F.M., Roger, B., Robert E.Kingston, David A. Moore, Seidman J.G., John A.
Smith. and Kelvin, S. 1997. Thrid Edition, Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, Jolm
2. Berger, S.L. and Kimmel, R. 1987. Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques, Academic
Press, Inc., New York.
3. Brown, T.A. 1998. Molecular Biology Lab Fax 11 Gene Analysis, Academic Press,
London.
Publishers, Boston.
5. Miller, J.H. 1992. A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics: A Lab Manual & Hand Book
for E. coli and related Bacteria. Cold spring Harbor Lab press, Cole Spring Harbar
6. Rajamanickam, C.2001,Experimental protocols in basic molecular biology, Osho
Scientific Publications, Madurai.
7. Sambrook, I., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. 2001. Third Edition, Molecular Cloning 1,
2, 3 - A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, USA.
1067
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Elective Paper-2) Int. Marks : 25
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology
Course Objectives:
 To expose the students to the structure and functions of genetic material
 To focus about the genome organization, transcription and translation process in
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Unit I
Discovery of DNA. Molecular basis of DNA as genetic material. Structure of DNA – A, B
and Z form. Forms of DNA – DNA heteroduplex, circular, superhelical DNA, twisted
circle. Properties of DNA - denaturation, renaturation, melting curve, hyperchromicity.
Structure of RNA - types of RNA - tRNA, mRNA & rRNA. Epigenetics - Histone
proteins.
Unit II
Replication of DNA - semi conservative mode, Meselson - Stahl experiment. Enzymology
of DNA replication - DNA polymerase I, II & III, topoisomerase I & II, helicase, primase,
gyrase. Molecular basis of DNA replication - replication fork, origin, okazaki fragments.
Types of replication - circular and theta.
Unit III
Transcription process in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Initiation - promotors, upstream &
down stream sequences, sigma and transcription factors. Elongation - RNA polymerase, sub
units. Termination - Rho dependent and Rho independent, nus A
antitermination. RNA processing (post transcriptional modifications), inhibitors of
transcription. Reverse transcription.
Unit 1V
Genetic code: Elucidation of triplet code, code characteristics, codon dictionary. Reading
frames, sense and nonsense code. Degeneracy - wobble hypothesis, universality of genetic
code. Process of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: Initiation - initiation factors,
initiator tRNA, aminoacid activation, shine dalgarno sequences, initiation site. Elongation -
elongation factors and translocation. Termination - termination factors. Post translational
modifications - post translational transport, signal hypothesis.
Unit V
Tumor viruses and oncogenes: Transformed cells, detection of integral viral DNA, structure
of integral viral DNA. Protein kinase and transformation by retro viruses. The cellular
counterpart of src. Carcinogens. Activation of oncogenes. Oncogenic proteins - protein
kinases, growth factors, Ras protein.Transformation protein in DNA viruses.
Reference Books:
1. Krebs, J.E., E.S.Goldstein and S.T. Kilpatrick 2009 Lewin‟s Gene X Jones & Bartlelt Publishers, Boston.
2. David Freifelder. D. 2008. Microbial Genetics, Eighteenth Edition, Narosa Publishing House, NewDelhi.
3. Jeyanthi, G.P. 2009. Molecular Biology, MJP Publishers, Chennai.
4. Kornberg, A. and Baker, A. 1992. DNA Replication, Second Edition, W.H. Freeman & Company, New
York.
5. Rastogi, S.C. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Russel, P.J., Wolfe, S.L., Hertz, P.E., Starr, C. and Mc Millan, B. 2004. Cell and Molecular Biology,
Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Singer, M. and Paul Berg, 1991. Genes & Genomes, University Science Books, California.
8. Stanley R. Maloy, John E.C. and Freifelder, D. 2008. Microbial Genetics, Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi.
9. Turner, P.E., McLennan, A.G., Bates, A.D. and White, M.R.H. 1999. Instant Notes in Molecular Biology,
Viva Books Ltd., New Delhi.
1068
Class : II Year Ext. Marks : 75
Semester : III Max. Marks : 100
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper : Medical Microbiology
Course Objectives:
 To know the mechanisms by which bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses attack the body
to cause disease
 To become familiar with the diagnosis, prevention, treatment and epidemiology of
infectious diseases including the impact of infectious agents on the human body
 Competence in performance and interpretation of certain routine clinical laboratory
microbiological methods
Unit I
Laboratory management – Biomedical waste management, Biosafety in containment
laboratory. Collection and transport of clinical samples. Microbiological examination of
urine, blood, faeces, cerebrospinal fluid, throat swabs, sputum and pus Normal flora of
human systems – skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract.
Nosocomial infections. Nucleic acid based microbial diagnostic techniques – LCR, NASBA
and QBRDA.
Unit II
General characters, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, control measures of: Gram positive
cocci – Staphylococci, Streptococci, gram negative cocci – Gonococci, gram positive non
spore forming bacilli: aerobic – (Corynebacteria) and anaerobic (Actinomyces), gram
positive spore forming bacilli: aerobic (Bacillus anthracis) and anaerobic (Clostridia).
Unit III
General characters, pathogenisis, laboratory diagnosis, control measures of: Gram negative
non spore forming bacilli: Aerobic (Bordetella), small gram negative facultatively anaerobic
bacteria – Yersinia, Enteric gram negative bacilli – Vibrio, E.coli and Salmonella. Acid fast
bacteria – M.tuberculosis, M.leprae. Cell wall less bacteria – Mycoplasma. Spirochaetes –
Leptospirosis. Sexually transmitted diseases -Syphilis
Unit IV
General characteristics, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis : Yeast – Cryptococcus
neoformans. Yeast like fungus – Candida sp. Filamentous fungi – Aspergillus and
Penicillium. Dimorphic fungus – Blastomyces dermatidis.
Morphology and life cycle: Intracellular parasites – Cryptosporidium and Plasmodium.
Intralumen parasites – Entameoba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides. Parasitic zoonoses –
Toxoplasma and Taenia.
Unit V
Morphology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and control measures of: DNA viruses –
Herpes simplex virus and Hepatitis B virus. RNA viruses – Flavi virus (dengue),
Retrovirus – HIV.Viral zoonoses - Japanese encephalitis and rabies. Prions and virions.
Classification of antibiotics based on mode of action: antibacterial (Penicillin and
Streptomycin), antiviral (Amantidine and Zidovudine), antifungal (Amphotericin and
Nystatin) antiparasitic drugs (Quinine and Metranidazole) and anticancer drugs
(Methotrexate and L asparaginase). Emerging and reemerging infections (MRSA –
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, NDMS – New Delhi methicillin strain).
National programmes in prevention of infectious diseases.
1069
Reference Books:
1. Ananthanarayanan and Jeyaram Paniker C.K. 2009. Text Book of Microbiology, Eigth
Edition, Orient Longman, Chennai.
2. Chakraborty P. 1995. A Text Book of Microbiology, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.,
Kolkata.
3. Collee, J.G., Fraser, A.G., Marmion, B.P. and Simmons, A. 2007. Mackie and
McCartney, Practical Medical Microbiology, Fourteenth Edition, Churchill Lingstone.
4. David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John Pertherer and Mike Barer, 2009. Medical
Microbiology - A Guide to Microbial infections, pathogenesis, immunity, lab diagnosis
and control, 17th Edition, Elsevier Publications.
5. Davis, B.D., Dulbecco, R., Eisen, H.N. and Ginsberg, H.S. 1990. Microbiology, Fourth
Edition, Harper& Nowpublishers, Singapore.
6. Jawetz E., Melnic, J.C. and Adelberg, E.A. 2001. Review of Medical Microbiology,
Prentice Hall International Inc., USA.
7. Leslie collier, Balows A. and Sussman M. 2000. Topley & Wilson‟s Microbiology and
Microbial infection Vol. 1 -5 Arnold Publishers, London.
8. Mandell, Dougles and Bennt‟s Principles and Practice of infectious diseases, 2000 vol. 1
& 2 Churchill livingstone.
9. Rajan, S. 2009. Medical Microbiology, MJP Publishers, Chennai.
1070
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper : Genetic Engineering
Course Objectives:
 To expose the principles behind the genetic engineering and to reveal various methods of
gene manipulation
 To present an in-depth knowledge of recombinant DNA technology as the foundation of
modern biotechnology
 To have basic knowledge on bioinformatics tools and become familiar with structure
prediction methods
Unit I
Restriction and modification in bacteria - E.coli K & B system. Restriction enzymes –
nomenclature, classification, Type I, II and III and applications. DNA modifying enzymes –
nucleases – polymerases, ligases, cloning vectors – plasmids, cosmids, phasmids , phagemids,
expression vectors, plasmid vectors – pBR 322 and pUC18, integrating shuttle vectors -YAC
vectors and viral vector - SV 40 and adeno virus. Lac Z promoter – expression system –
Lambda, PL / PR Promoter, T7 promoter, Sp6 promoter, SV – 40 promoter, Cam V 35s
promoter.
Unit II
Cloning methodologies – α complementation, sticky and blunt end cloning. Cloning from
mRNA – synthesis of cDNA, cloning cDNA in plasmid and phage vectors, cDNA libraries.
Cloning from genomic DNA – genomic library. Shot gun cloning. screening of recombinant
– phenotypic expression of characters – Blotting techniques – Western, Northern, Southern.
Physical mapping of cloned genes – restriction mapping, DNA foot printing, chromosome
walking. Mapping of human genes – Human genome project.
Unit III
PCR – gene amplification, primer designing, optimization, variation in the PCR (RAPD,
RFLP, RACE, RT-PCR) DNA sequencing – Sanger – Coulsen‟s method, Maxam Gilbert‟s
method. Using computers for DNA sequence analysis. Microbial genomics – whole genome
shotgun sequencing – general characteristics of microbial genome, structural genomics –
proteomics. Transposable elements – Is elements. Mechanism of transposition – conservative
and replicative.
Unit IV
Cloning of human insulin, interferon, somatostatin in E.coli.Human antibody production by r-
DNA technology. Recombinant vaccine development - HBs Ag in yeast. Cloning for
commercial production of antibiotics (Penicillin). Chymosin (Rennin) in E.coli and yeast.
Gene silencing and antisense technology: Types and mechanism of gene silencing. Gene
therapy. Gene silening in crop plants: tomato and rice. Si RNA and disease control. Plant
genetic engineering: Ti plasmid, DNA delivery to plant cells – microprojectile bombardment,
microinjection, electroporation and pollen tubes.
Unit V
Introduction – Bioinformatics and databases – sequence, structure & domain – application and
scope. Biological tools: Nucleotide sequence databases – protein databases – specialized
sequence data bases. Data retrieval and analysis. Sequence alignment: Types - local and
global alignment. Alignment methods – pair wise sequence alignment: FASTA and BLAST.
Multiple sequence alignment – methods and softwares – Clustal W, Multalign – phylogenetic
analysis. Genomics – structural, comparative and functional genomics – gene expression
analysis – micro array technology and its application.
1071
Reference Books:
1. Baltz, R.H., Hegman, G.D. and Skatrud, P.L. 1993. Industrial Microorganisms - Basic and
applied Molecular Genetics, American Society for Microbiology, Washington.
2. Brown, T.A. 2006. Gene Cloning, Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall Publication, USA.
3. David, N., Sabine, C. and Delnatte, Y.J. 1988. Genetically Engineered Human Therapeutic
Drugs, Stockton Press, Mac Millan Publishers Ltd, USA.
4. Glick, B.K. and Pasternak, J.J. 2002. Molecular Biotechnology Principles and Applications
of Recombinat DNA, ASM Press, Washington.
5. Hammong, J., Mc Garvey, P. and Springer, V.Y. 2000. Plant Biotechnology.
6. Kumaresan, V. 2009. Biotechnology, Saras publications, Nagercoil.
7. Krebs, J.E., E.S.Goldstein and S.T. Kilpatrick 2009 Lewin‟s Gene X Jones & Bartlelt
Publishers, Boston Old R.W. and Primrose, S.B.1996. Principles of Gene Manipulations,
Blackwell Science Publications, London.
8. Primrose, S.B. and Twyman, R.M. 2009. Principles of Gene manipulation and Genomics,
Seventh Edition, Blackwell publishing, UK.
9. Sandhya Mitra, 1996.Genetic Engineering, Mac Millan India Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Susan, R.B. 2008. Biotechnology, Cengage Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
11. Symonds, N., Toussaint, A., Van De Putte, P. and Howe, M.M. 1987. Phage Mu. Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory.
12. Talwar, G.P., Rao, K.V.S. and Chauhan, V.S. 1994. Recombinant and Synthetic Vaccines,
Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
13. Thieman, W.J. and Palladino, M.A. 2009. Introduction to Biotechnology, Dorling Kindersley
India Pvt. Ltd., Noida.
14. Watson, J.D., Hopkins, N.H., Roberts, J.W., Steitz , J.A. and Weiner, A. M. 1998. Molecular
Biology of the Gene, Fourth Edition, The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company Inc.,
Tokyo.
15. Winnaker, E.L. 1987. From Gene to Clone: Introduction to Gene Technology, VCH
Publications, Weinbeim Federal Republic German.
16. Young, M.M. 1992. Plant Biotechnology, Pergmen Press, Oxford London.
17. Attwood, T.K. and Parry, D.J – Smith, D.J. 2002. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Pearson
Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
18. Mount, W. 2001. Bioinformatics Sequence and Genome Analysis. Cold Spring
harbour Laboratory Press, New York
19. Mount, W. 2001. Bioinformatics sequence and genome analysis. Cold Spring harbour
1072
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Medical Microbiology
1. Collection and processing of clinical specimen for microbiological examination.

2. Staining methods for morphological feature of pathogenic bacteria.
A. Differential stains – Gram stain, Ziehl Neelsen‟s stain for AFB
B. Cytological stains –
i) Endospore stain – Bacillus
ii) Capsule stain, Negative stain Indian ink / Nigrosine staining.
Organism – Bacillus, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli.
C. Stain for Amoeba / Intestinal protozoa / Malarial parasites – Leishman‟s stain,
Giemsa stain.
3. Diagnostic Bacteriology : Laboratory diagnosis (isolation & identification)
i) Pyogenic infections – Streptococci – α, β and γ haemolysis. Staphylococci
– differentiation – coagulase test.
ii) UTI infection – E.coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas.
4. Microscopic method of pathogenic fungus identification.
- Dermatophytes, Candida albicans.
5.Biochemical tests for bacterial identification.
i) MRVP test ii) TSI for enteric pathogen.
6. Serodiagnosis of Bacterial Infection
i) Widal Test ii) RPR Test
7. Preparation of dried filter paper discs for susceptibility assay.
8. Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion technique.
9. Dilution sensitivity test – MIC.
10. Antimicrobial susceptibity test against filamentous and non- filamentous fungi.
11. Detection of β lactamases.
Reference Books:
1. Baily and Scott‟s Diagnostic Microbiology, 2006. Mosby London.

2. Bradshaw, L.J. 1979. Laboratory Microbiology, Third Edition, W.B. Saunders Company.
3. Collins and Lyne‟s . Microbiological methods, 2001. Arnold publishers, Newyork.
4. Desai, J.D. and Desai, A.J. 1995. Methods in Microbiology Microscopy and Staining, Emkay
Publications New Delhi.
5. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia, Baltimore 2006. Koneman‟s Color Atlas and
Text book of Diagnostic Microbiology.
6. Monica Cheesbrough, 2000. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part – 2,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
7. Myers R.M. and Koshi G. 1982. Diagnostic Procedures in Medical Microbiology and
Immunology / Serology, Microbiology Laboratories, Christian Medical College and Hospital,
Vellore.
8. Wadhar B.H. and Boosreddy, G.L. 1995. Manual of Diagnostic Microbiology, Himalaya
Publishing House, New Delhi.
1073
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Genetic Engineering
1. Isolation of Plasmid by alkaline detergent method - A miniprep procedure

2. Isolation of Chromosomal DNA from bacteria.
3. Agarose gel electrophoresis of undigested plasmid DNA
4. Recovery of DNA from gels.
5. Determination of fragment order of plasmid by single and double restriction digestion.
6. Demonstration of Ligation.
7. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining procedure.
8. Cloning of DNA fragment in pBR 322 / pbluescript – insertion inactivation/ blue white
selection.
9. Western Blotting
10. Database (homology) searches using different types of BLAST
11. Multiple sequence alignment using CLUSTAL W and Multalin.
12. Identification of restriction sites using NEB cutter.
13. Identification of protein cleavage site using pepcutter tool.
14. 3D visualization of structures using Rasmol and discovery studio viewer.
15. Molecular docking using Arguslab and Hex.
Reference Books:
1. Ausubel, F.M.1997. Short Protocosl in Molecular Biology, Second Edition, John
Wiley & Sons. Harvard Medical School.
2. Brown, T.A. 1998. Molecular Biology Lab Fax II Gene analysis, Second Edition,
Academic Press, UK.
3. Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995. DNA cloning – A practical approach, Vol. 1 -
4, IRC Press.
4. Janarthanan, S. and Vincent, S. 2007. Practical Biotechnology: Methods and
protocols, University Press.
5. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T.2001. Molecular Cloning – A lab manual.
Vol. III – Second Edition, CSH Press, Cold spring harbor.
6. Pevsner 2003. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Wiley Dreamtech India Ltd.,
New Delhi
7. Baxevanis, A.D. and Quellette, B.F.F. 2001. Bioinformatics. A practical guide to the
analysis of genes and proteins. II edn. Wiley-Intern Science Publication, New York.
1074
Course : M.Sc Microbiology Int. Marks : 25
Title of the Paper: Analytical Microbial Technology Hours/Week :6
Course Objectives:
 To become familiar with the importance of water quality
 Make them to learn analytical techniques of Quality control sector in microbiological
industry
Unit I
Mineral water industry: Stages of mineral water production. Analysis of water quality – pH,
salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, carbonates, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, COD and
BOD. Determination of microbial load in water : Faecal indicator organisms - coliform
bacteria, faecal enterococci. Methods of mineral water quality assessment – MPN test,
membrane filtration technique.
Unit II
Preservation of pharmaceutical Products: Chemical preservatives –role of preservatives.
Finished product tests – microbial enumeration test, tests for specified microorganisms.
Sterlity testing – antimicrobial effectiveness testing. Sterlity assurance – biological
indicators, sterilization validation process. Microbial risk assessment through HACCP plan.
Unit III
Endotoxin test methods - gel clot assay, turbidometeric assay and chromogenic methods.
Biological assays - vitamin assay, antibiotic assay and mycoplasma testing. Endotoxin
activity – risk assessment in manufacture of parenterals – pyrogen test – depyrogenation
methods.
Unit IV
Rapid methods for detection of microorganisms in food. Food spoilage: Spoilage of fruit and
vegetables. Spoilage of cereal and cereal products – cereal grains, and bread. Spoilage of
meat and meat products – Bacon and Ham. Spoilage of milk and milk products – butter and
frozen desserts. Food borne diseases – indicators of pathogens & food poisoning.
Unit V
Food preservation – principle, Methods - physical – asepsis, high temperature, low
temperature, drying, radiation, canning, controlled atmosphere; chemical preservatives-
organic acids and their salt, nitrites, sulfur dioxide, sulfites, sugar, salt and oxidizing agents.
Reference Books:
1. Ashutosh Kar, 2008.Pharmaceutical Microbiology, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Cleanroom Microbiology for the Non-Microbiologist – David M. Carlberg (1995 – Interpharm Press)
3. Cleanroom Microbiology for the Non-Microbiologist – David M. Carlberg (1995 – Interpharm Press)
4. Endotoxins – Pyrogens, LAL Testing and Depyrogenation : III Edition by Kevin Williams (2007; Informa
Press)
5. Endotoxins – Pyrogens, LAL Testing and Depyrogenation : III Edition by Kevin Williams (2007; Informa
Press)
6. Manivasakam, N. 2001. Chemical and Microbial analysis of mineral and packaged drinking waters. Sakthi
Book Service, Coimbatore.
7. Microbial Contamination Control in Parenteral Manufacturing by Kevin L. Williams
8. Microbial limit and Bioburden tests (Validation Approached and Global Requirements) by Lucia Clontz
(Interpharm Press).
9. Microbial limit and Bioburden tests (Validation Approached and Global Requirements) by Lucia Clontz
(Interpharm Press).
10. Microbiology in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing – II edition – Richard Prince.
11. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 32) NF 27 – Volume 1 (General Chapters)
12. Trivedy, R.K., Goel, P.K. and Trishal, C.L. 1987. Practical methods in Ecology and Environmental science.
Environmental publishers. Karad
13. Frazier, W.C., and Westhoff, D.C. 2005. Food Microbiology,sixth edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Ltd., New Delhi.
14. Garbutt, J. 1997. Essentials of Food Microbiology, Arnold – International Students edition, London.
15. Adams, M.R. and Moss, M.O. 2006. Food Microbiology, New Age International (Rt) Ltd., New Delhi.
1075
Semester : IV Max. Marks : 100
Sub. Code : S4PY1 No. of Credits : 5
Title of the Paper : Bioprocess Technology Hours/Week : 6
Course objectives:
To learn the process involved in the industrial production of microbial products
To understand the upstream and downstream processes of fermentation
Unit I
General concepts of industrial microbiology. Isolation of productive strains-screening
technique - primary and secondary. Strain development – mutation, protoplast fusion and
recombinant DNA techniques. Preservation techniques - serial sub-culture, mineral oil, freeze
drying, N2 storage. Storage of fungi-soil culture, silica gel culture and water storage.
Unit II
Types of fermentation-solid state fermentation-types of substrates. Submerged fermentation.
Methods of fermentation-batch, continuous and fed batch system. Types and design of
fermentors-batch, CSTF, air lift, tower, bubble column, fluidized bed fermentor. Fermentor
auxiliary equipment. sterilization of equipment and air.
Unit III
Media-chemical composition, raw materials - saccharide, starchy, cellulose and industrial
wastes. Media optimization and sterilization (batch and continuous). Fermentation kinetics-
Batch and continuous. Inoculum development- Bacterial, fungal spores, fungal mycelium.
Immobilization of cells and enzymes-methods and application.
Unit IV
Fermentation of microbial products-Anaerobic fermentation (Beer, wine, alcohol). Aerobic
fermentation (Vinegar, citric acid), Amino acid (lysine, glutamic acid), Antibiotics (Penicillin,
Streptomycin), Enzymes (Amylase, Protease), Vitamins (B12, Riboflavin), Hormones
(Gibberellic acid, Indole acetic acid).
Unit V
Downstream processing –cell disruption-physical and chemical methods. Separation-
precipitation, filteration, centrifugation, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography, drying and
crystallization. Microbial assay of vitamin (B12), Amino acid (valine), Antibiotics
(Streptomycin, erythromycin). Fermentation economics-Process cost, recovery cost, market
potential and Cost benefit ratio.
Reference Books:
1. Atlas, R.M., 2000. Microbiology Fundamentals and Applications, MacMillan Pub. Co., New York.
2. Casida, J.F. 2010. Industrial Microbiology, New Age International India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Crueger, W. and Crueger, A. 2000. Biotechnology: A Test Book of Industrial Microbiology, Second
Edition, Panima Publishing corporation, New Delhi.
4. Demain A.L. and Davies, J.E. 1999. Manual of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. ASM press.
5. Flickinger, M.C. and Drew, S.W. 1999. Encyclopaedia of Bioprocess Technology Fermentation,
Biocatalysis and Bioseperation Vil.V., John Wiley and Sons Publications.
6. Kalaichelvan, P.T. and Arul Pandi, I. 2007. Bioprocess Technology, MJP publishers, Chennai.
7. Patel, A.H., 1996, Text Book of Industrial Microbiology, MacMillan India Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Peppler, H.., and Pearman, D. 2008. Microbial Technology,second edition,Vol.I, Academic Press, New
York.
9. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Helin, D.A. 2008. Microbiology, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
10. Stanbury, P.F, Whitaker, A. and Hall, S.J.1999. Principles of Fermentation Technology, Second Edition,
Aditya Book (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
11. Waites, M.J., Morgan, N.L., Rockey, J.S. and Higton, G. 2001. Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction,
Blackwell Science, London.
12. Wulf Cruger, Anneliese Cruger, and Thomas D. Brock, 1991. Biotechnology, A Text book of Industrial
Microbiology.
1076
Paper : Core Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper : Food, Agriculture & Environmental Microbiology
Course Objectives:
 To predict the necessary measures to control the spoilage and pathogenic
microorganisms in food
 To learn the interrelationships of microorganisms with foods and their role in food
manufacture and food spoilage
 To elaborate the role of microbes in plant growth and to explain the importance of
microbial pesticides over chemical pesticides
Unit I
Production of fermented dairy products: Cheese, yoghurt and butter milk.
Fermented vegetables; Sauerkraut, pickles and soy sauce. Fermented meat, Fermented Indian
foods - leavening of bread. Food spoilage: Spoilage of fruit and vegetables, cereal and cereal
products, Meat and meat products, milk and milk products. Food borne diseases – food
intoxications & food poisoning. Microbes as food (Probiotics) – Potential and therapeutic
applications.
Unit II
Food preservation – principle, Methods - physical – asepsis, high temperature, low
temperature, drying, radiation, canning, controlled atmosphere; chemical preservatives-
organic acids and their salt, nitrites, sulfur dioxide, sulfites, sugar, salt and oxidizing agents.
Food Inspection – Hazard Analysis Critical Control point.
Unit III
Transmission of plant pathogens, mechanism of microbial pathogenecity, factors affecting
disease incidence. Bacteria – Xanthomonas malvacearum (Cotton blight), and Xanthomonas
citri (Citrus canker).Fungi – Ustilago maydis (Smut rust of Corn) and Cercospora
arachidicola (Tikka disease of ground nut). Virus – DNA virus (Bhendi yellow vein clearing
virus), RNA virus – (Cucumber mosaic virus). Phytoplasma – Brinjal little leaf and seasamum
phyllody.
Unit IV
Biofertilizers: General account of taxonomy, physiology, mass cultivation, carier based
inoculants, quality control of Rhizobium, Frankia, Azotobacter, Cyanobacteria and AM.
Biopesticides: Bacterial pesticides: Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas. Viral Pesticides:
Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus. Fungal pesticides: Entomopathogenic fungi - Beaveria bassiana.
Endophytes – Plant Growth Promoting Organisms
Unit V
Microbial interactions within the community - symbiosis, amensalism, commensalisms,
predation, parasitism and competition. Waste treatment- types of wastes - characteristics of
solid and liquid wastes. Treatment of solid wastes - composting and vermiform composting.
Treatment of liquid wastes - primary, secondary (trickling filter, activated sludge, oxidation
pond, oxidation ditch) and tertiary treatment. Eutrophication. Microbial remediation -
phenolics, metals, sewage nutrients (phosphate and nitrate), xenobiotics. Microbial leaching
of ores. Microbial deterioration - paper, leather, wood, paint and textiles.
1077
Reference Books:
1. Adams, M.R. and Moss, M.O. 2006. Food Microbiology, New Age International (Rt)
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Alexander M. 1997. Introduction to soil microbiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New
York.
3. Benwart, G.J. 1987. Basic Food Microbiology, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi.
4. Deak, T. and Beuchat, L.R. 1996. Hand Book of Food Spoilage yeasts, CRC Press, New
York.
5. Ec Eldowney S., Hardman, D.J. and Waite, S. 1993. Pollution Ecology and
Biotreatment-Longman Scientific Technical.
6. Frazier, W.C., and Westhoff, D.C. 2005. Food Microbiology,sixth edition, Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Garbutt, J. 1997. Essentials of Food Microbiology, Arnold – International Students
edition, London.
8. Grant, W.D. and Long, P.L. 1981. Environmental Microbiology. Blalckie Glasgow and
London.
9. Mehrotra, R.S. 1983. Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
10. Pandy, B.P. 1997. Plant Pathology (Pathogen & Plant Disease), S.Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
11. Ray Chadhuri, S.P. 1977. A Manual of Virus Diseases of Tropical Plants, MacMillan
Company of India Ltd., Delhi.
12. Rengaswami, G. and Rajagopalan, S. 1973. Bacterial Plant Pathology – Tamil Nadu
Agriculture University, Coimbatore.
13. Subba Rao, N.S. 2000. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth, Third Edition, Oxford &
IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
1078
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Bioprocess Technology
1. Demonstration of fermentation using Kuhn‟s fermentation vessel.

2. Screening, production and assay of amylase from microbes
3. Screening, production and assay of protease from microbes
4. Screening, production and assay of cellulase from microbes
5. Screening, production and assay of Xylanase from microbes
6. Screening, production and assay of Phosphatase from microbes
7. Screening, production and assay of citric acid from microbes
8. Screening of antibiotic producing microbes
9. Production and assay of sucrase from microbes
10. Production and assay of gluconic acid from microbes
11. Production and assay of glutamic acid from microbes
12. Production and assay of Pectinase from microbes
13. Production and estimation of Proline
14. Production and estimation of alcohol
15. Production and quantitative analysis of beer and wine
16. Bacterial cell /enzyme immobilization in sodium alginate gel
17. Cell disruption for endoenzymes by sonication
18. Enzyme purification by acetone precipitation
19. Estimation of biomass and substrate concentration in fermentation, determination of
kinetic parameters (yield and productivity)
20. Preservation of industrially important bacteria by lyophilization.
Reference Books:
1. Demain, A.L, and Davis, J.E. 1999. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology, second edition, American Society for Microbiology, Washington.
2. Gunasekaran, P. A Lab Manual Approaches for Improvement of Microbial Strains for
industrial enzyme production, Department of Microbial Technology, M.K.U.
3. Mc.Neil, B. and Harvery, L.M. 1990. Fermentation: A Practical Approach (Units I-III),
IRL Ptrd, New York.
4. Kulanthaivel,S and S. Janarthanan 2012. Practical Manual on Fermentation Technology.
I.K. International Publishing house. New Delhi.
5. Peppler,H,J and Periman,D. 2008.Microbial Technology Fermentation Technology,
(Two Volumes )Second Edition, Elsevier, Academic Press.U.K.
1079
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Lab- 8) Int. Marks : 40

Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Lab in Food, Agriculture & Environmental Microbiology
1. Viable count of bacteria in milk.

2. Methylene Blue Dye reduction test.
3. Resazurin dye reduction test.
4. Phosphatase test.
5. Turbidity test
6. Litmus milk reactions.
7. Microbial Contamination in plant food products.
8. Microbial Contamination in animal food products.
9. Potability analysis of drinking water.
10. Structure of root & stem nodules.
11. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.
12. Isolation of Xanthomonas malvacearum from angular leaf spot of cotton
13. Isolation of pathogenic fungi from plant
14. Isolation of cyanobacteria from soil
15. Isolation of Arbuscular Mycorhizal spores from soil.
16. Staining of VAM.
17. Isolation & enumeration of Azospirillum – an associative symbiotic nitrogen fixing
bacteria.
18. Isolation & enumeration of Azotobacter & Beijerinekia – non symbiotic nitrogen fixing
bacteria.
19. Isolation of Phosphate solubilizing Microorganisms from soil.
20. Vermicomposting.
21. Development of Winogradsky column.
22. Physical, Chemical, Microbial assessment of water – Acidity, Alkalinity, BOD, COD.
23. Degradation of Phenol – Colorimetric Method.
24. Visit to Aavin /CFTRI / TNAU.
Reference Books:
1. Aneja K.R. 1993. Experiments in Microbiology: Plant Pathology and Tissue Culture,
2. Harrigan, W.F. 1998. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, Third Edition.
3. Reddy, S.M. and Ram Reddy, S.R. 2000. Microbiology - A Laboratory Manual, BSC
Publishers & Distributors.
4. Thangaraj, M. and Santhana Krishnan, P. 1998. Practical Manual on Microbial inoculants,
Centre of Advanced Studies in Agricultural University, TNAU, Coimbatore.
1080
Course : M.Sc Microbiology (Elective Paper- 4) Int. Marks : 40

Sub. Code : SPJ No. of Credits : 3
Hours/Week :6
Title of the Paper: Project Work
1081
Class : II Year B.Sc IMB Int.Marks :25

Semester : I & III Ext. Marks : 75
Hours/Week :2 Hrs/Sem : 20
Paper : Certificate course paper No of Credits :
Title of the Paper: Water Quality Analysis (Certificate Course)

Course Objectives
 To make the students aware of the importance of potable water
 To make them learn how to analyse the water samples
Unit I
Analysis of water quality - pH, salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, COD and BOD.
Estimation of carbonates, nitrate, silicate and phosphate
Unit II
Determination of microbial load and faecal contamination. – MPN test-presumptive,
confirmatory and completed test. Membrane filtration technique. Coliform bacteria.
Unit III
Analysis of heavy metals – Lead, Copper and Mercury. Aquatic pollution indicators.
Unit IV
Water Pollution control and prevention. Waste water treatment- primary, secondary and
tertiary methods
Unit V
Water purification techniques. Biofilters. Envrionmental impact assessment.
References
1. Goldman, C.R. and A.J.Horne 1983. Limnology , International Student Edition, USA.
2. Metelev V.V. and A.I. Karnaev 1983. Water Toxicology Amerind Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.
3. Trivedy, K.K., Goel, P.K and Trisal, C.L 1987. Practical methods in Ecology and Environmental
science, Environmental Publication, Karad.
4. Patnaik, P 1997. Hanb book of Envirnmental Analysis, Lewis Publishers
5. Leadly, A and Brown 1971. Ecology and Fresh water, Heinmann Educational Books, Cole, G. A
1983. Textbook of Limnology 3rd edition, The C.V. Mosby company
6. Manivasakam, N. 2001. Chemical and Microbial analysis of mineral and packaged drinking
waters. Sakthi Book Service, Coimbatore.
7. Michael, P. 1987. Ecological methods for field and laboratory investigations. Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co., New Delhi.
8. Southwood, TRE. 1978. Ecological methods. ELBS. USA.
9. Trivedy, R.K., Goel, P.K. and Trishal, C.L. 1987. Practical methods in Ecology
and Environmental science. Environmental publishers. Karad
1082
Class : M.Sc Zoology & Microbiology Int. Marks : 25

Year & Sem : I year & I sem Ext. Marks : 75
Hours/Week : 2 Hours/Sem : 20
Title of the Paper: Food Processing Technology
Course Objective:
 To focus on methods of food preparation, processing and quality control analysis.
 To become familiar with methods used to determine microorganisms in different varieties
of foods.
Unit I
Food processing: Principles, Methods – Physical and chemical. Fruits: Role of fat and oils in
food and health. Making squash from cherry.Formation of Geriatric (old age) health drink.
Preparation and preservation of custard apple pulp. Valuable products from pear – Preparation of
squash, pear bar, pear jam and pear wine.
Unit II
Vegetables: Legume based yoghurt – Preparation of cowpea and green gram dhall mix,
preparation of yoghurt, quality analysis, product yield, chemical constituents, organoleptic
qualities. Chickpea processed product – Fried Dhall, Vada, Halwa, Burfi, Pakories and Dhokla.
Food products from bottle gourd – Sweet pickle, Hot pickle and Tuiti fruity. Preparation and
Quality evaluation of potato powder. Spices and Herbs – Medicinal and antimicrobial properties.
Reference Books:
1. Journal of Beverage & Food World – May 2006, Vol.33 No.5.
2. Journal of Beverage & Food World – December 2003, Vol. 30 No. 12.
3. Journal of Beverage & Food World – February 2008, Vol. 35, No.2.
4. Journal of Beverage & Food World – March, 2008, Vol. 35, No. 3.
5. Journal of Beverage & Food World – November 2007, Vol. 34, No. 11.
6. Journal of Beverage & Food World – August, 2008, Vol. 35, No. 8.
7. Journal of Beverage & Food World – November, 2008, Vol.35, No. 11.
1083
Class : M.Sc Zoology & Microbiology Int. Marks : 40
Year & Sem : I year & II sem Ext. Marks : 60
Hours/Week : 2 Hours/Sem : 20
Title of the Paper: Techniques in Food Processing
1. Preparation of jam from guava and tomato.

2. Preparation of jelly from pineapple.
3. Preparation of squash from pineapple and grapes.
4. Preparation of dates syrup.
5. Preparation of cake and biscuit.
6. Preparation of pickles (fish, cucumber and mango).
7. Preparation of milk kova.
8. Preparation of rasagulla.
9. Preparation of wheat halwa.
10. Preparation of mushroom soup.
11. Preparation of dhall flour.
12. Preparation of corn soup.
13. Microbiological analysis of canned foods.
14. Microbiological analysis of dried food products.
Reference Books:
1. Journal of Beverage & Food World – May 2006, Vol.33 No.5.
2. Journal of Beverage & Food World – December 2003, Vol. 30 No. 12.
3. Journal of Beverage & Food World – February 2008, Vol. 35, No.2.
4. Journal of Beverage & Food World – March, 2008, Vol. 35, No. 3.
5. Journal of Beverage & Food World – November 2007, Vol. 34, No. 11.
6. Journal of Beverage & Food World – August, 2008, Vol. 35, No. 8.
7. Journal of Beverage & Food World – November, 2008, Vol.35, No. 11
1084

Department of Zoology B.Sc., M.Sc., M.Phil, M.Sc. Microbiology

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Department of Zoology

Core IMB62 Biotechnology 5 4 75 25 75 100

Semester Contact Hrs/ Week Credits

Total 180 hrs 140

B) Curriculum Credits: Part wise

Part I Tamil 4x3 = 12 Credits

Part V 1x1 = 01 Credits

Blue print of the total papers

Course : IMB (Core Lab) Int. Marks : 40

Title of the Paper : Lab in General Microbiology

2. Gunasekaran, P. 2008. Laboratory Manual in Microbiology, New Age International (P)

Title of the Paper : Environmental Studies

2. Yogendra, N. and Srivastava, N. 1998. Environmental Pollution, Ashish

Title of the Paper: Biological Chemistry

Title of the Paper : Lab in Biological Chemistry

2. Boyer, R.F. 2012 Modern Experimental Biochemistry, Pearson Education, India.

4. Nigam and A.Ayyagai 2007. Lab Manual in Biochemistry, Immunology and

5. Plummer, D.T. 2008 An Introdction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw- Hill

Title of the Paper: Medical Microbiology-1

Morphology and pathogenesis of

Activities- Visit to clinical lab

1. Collee, J.G., A.G.Fraser, B.P.Marmion, A.Simmons, 1996. Mackie and McCartney,

3. Dimmock, N.J., A.J. Easton, K.N.Leppard. 2008. Introduction to modern virology.

Title of the Paper: Biostatistics

1. Arora, P.N and P.K.Malhan 2008. Biostatistics. Himalaya Publications, Mumbai.

Title of the Paper: Bioinstrumentation

Principle, working mechanism and application of

Course : IMB (Core Practical-3) Int. Marks : 40

Title of the Paper : Lab in Bioinstrumentation

1. Measurement of pH of various samples using pH meter

2. Janarthanan, S. and S.Vincent 2007. Practical Biotechnology, Methods and Protocols.

3. Jeyaraman, J., 1985, Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited,New

6. Palanivel, P. 2000. Laboratory Manual for Analytical Biochemistry & Separation

7. Plummer, D, 2008. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw–

Course : IMB (Major Elective-2) Int. Marks : 15

Title of the Paper : Biodegradation and Bioremediation

2. Chatterji, A.K. 2005.Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology.

3. Norris et al., 1994, Handbook of Bioremediation, Lewis Publishers, London.

Course : IMB (Non Major Elective Paper-1) Int. Marks : 15

Non Major Elective for B.Sc/B.A/B.Com/BBA students

Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology and Microbial Genetics

1. Allison, L.A., 2007. Fundamental Molecular Biology, Blackwell Publishing, USA.

THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE, MADURAI – 9.

Course : IMB (Core Practical-4) Int. Marks : 40

Title of the Paper : Lab in Molecular Biology and Microbial Genetics

1. Extraction and estimation of DNA

6. Rajamanickam, C.2001 Experimental protocols in basic molecular biology, Osho

THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE, MADURAI – 9.

Course : IMB (Major Elective-3) Int. Marks : 15

Activity-Visit to clinical lab

3. Cox FEG. 1993 Modern Parasitology. London; Blackwell Scientific Publication

7. Rajeshwar Reddy, K. 2009. Medical Microbiology,New Age International Publishers,

Course : IMB (Skill Based Elective Paper-3) Int. Marks : 15

Title of the Paper: Bioinformatics

1. Baxevanis, A.D. and Quellette, B.F.F. 2009. Bioinformatics. A practical guide to

2. Lesk, M.A. 2008. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford Univ. Publishers

3. Mount, W. 2005. Bioinformatics sequence and genome analysis. Cold Spring

4. Pevsner, 2009. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. Wiley Dreamtech India

Course : IMB (Non Major Elective Paper-2) Int. Marks : 15

Title of the Paper : Health Education [For B.Sc/B.A/B.Com/BBA students]

2. Murugesh, N. 2002. Health education and community pharmacy, 3rd Edition,

Course : IMB (Core Paper-5) Int. Marks : 25