Taipei being a coastal city the problems present are:

 Weak soil conditions (The structures tend to sink).

 Typhoon winds (High lateral displacement tends to topple structures).

 Large potential earthquakes (Generates shear forces).

 soft rocks occur beneath 40-60m of clay soil.

 Solution-create different f foundation systems.

 Using 1.2m thick slurry wall(diaphgram wall,shear wall).

 One wall covers tower and podium, second encloses the foot print of the tower.

 The point load of column and load of shear wall is distributed to 3 to4.7m thick mat.

 The repeating modules of indigineous bamboo and tiers of pagodas has narrower base and
wider top.

 With an average wind speed of 43.3m/sec ,causing typhoon winds, can impact the building.

 Square towers with sharp corners creates large cross winds .

 And rounded and chamfered corners reduce lateral response, but a double notch or sawtooth
corner of

2.5 m reduces the effect drastically.

 LATERAL LOADS-Within the core, sixteen columns are located at the crossing points of four lines
of bracing in each direction.

 IT IMPROVES THE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS by connection to perimeter columns through

outrigger trusses,

 Gravity loads are carried vertically by a variety of columns.

  On the perimeter, up to the 26th floor, each of the four building faces has two ‘supercolumns,’

two ‘sub-super-columns,’ and two corner columns.

 Each face of the perimeter above the 26th floor has the two ‘super-columns’ continue upward.

 perimeter framing is a sloping Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF), a rigidly-connected

grid of stiff beams and H shape columns which follows the tower’s exterior wall slope down each

8 story module.

 At each setback level, gravity load is transferred to ‘super-columns’ through a story-high

diagonalized truss in the plane of the SMRF.

 Above the 26th floor, only two exterior super-columns continue to rise up to the 91st floor, so

the SMRF consists of 600 mm deep steel wide flange beams and columns, with columns sized

to be significantly stronger than beams for stability in the event of beam yielding.

 Each 7-story of SMRF is carried by a story-high truss to transfer gravity and cantilever forces

to the super-columns, and to handle the greater story stiffness of the core at cantilever floors.


THE DASHPOTS are most efficient working

A moveable block of steel or concrete located near the roof is the small fraction of the building mass.

It is arranged to sway freely at about the same period or sway rate as the building.

When the bldg. sways thhe mass of the building will tend to sway in opposite direction at larger

amplitude.

Tmd use in Taipei-

The Taipei 101 uses a 800 ton TMD which occupy 5 of its upper floors (87 – 91).

 The ball is assembled on site in layers of 12.5-cm-thick steel plate. It is welded to a steel cradle

suspended from level 92 by 3” cables, in 4 sets of 2 each.

 Eight primary hydraulic pistons, each about 2 m long, grip the cradle to dissipate dynamic energy

as heat.

 A roughly 60-cm-dia pin projecting from the underside of the ball limits its movement to about 1

m even during times of the strongest lateral forces.

 The 60m high spire at the top has 2 smaller ‘flat’ dampers to support it.
 there have been more applications of using viscous dampers than other velocity type dampers.

 This may be due to the facts that the design procedure for implementing the viscous damper is

relatively simpler and the analytical model is available in the popular computational tools such as

SAP2000 and ETABS.