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2019
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE ii
APPROVAL SHEET
Distribution and Transportation, prepared and submitted by David, Czarina Mae G.,
Deveza, Arianne D.C., Mana-ay, Juli Ann R., Sanchez, Julets Keah T., and Viray,
Rennail V. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science
in Industrial Engineering, has been examined and recommended for oral examination.
Panel of Examiners
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude and appreciation
for the help and support of the following persons who is one way or another have
Industrial Technology, Rizal Technological University, their research adviser for her
patience and full support in imparting her knowledge and expertise in this study.
The Philippine Red Cross for allowing them to conduct this study and without
Ms. Ria S. Rivera, Mr. Erickson Evasco, Ms. Joahna Christine Bandal, Mr.
Mark Joy Santos, Mr. Marvin Jay Santos and Mr. Geocar Ian Malcampo
The panelists, for their time, comments and suggestions towards the
Their family and friends who are always there to uplift their morale and for
And above all the Almighty and Ever Living God, who is the source of all
C.M.G.D
A.D.C.D
J.A.R.M
J.K.T.S
R.V.V
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE iv
ABSTRACT
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
CHAPTERS
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 3
Conceptual Framework 4
Theoretical Framework 5
Statement of the Problem 8
Significance of the Study 8
Scope of the Study 9
Definition of Terms 10
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method 18
Data Gathering Procedure 18
Research Instrument 19
Statistical Treatment of Data or Data Analysis 19
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE vi
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Request Letter
CURRICULUM VITAE
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE
CHAPTER I
Introduction
situation where an unnecessary event has occurred which leads to human suffering,
loss of lives and loss of properties and which the government concerned has not the
and where an emergency will occur. Most emergencies require urgent action to
prevent a worsening of the situation and one of the main reasons why emergencies
occur are natural disasters (Argollo, 2013). Philippines is one of the most disaster
prone countries in the world according to the article of the Phil. Star published on
November 29, 2017. In order to help those who are affected of disasters, humanitarian
certain catastrophe in the form of food or material aid provided during famine, drought
or natural disaster. In this kind of humanitarian aid, errors such as delays could cost
lives. For that reason, humanitarian logistics makes certain that there is a good flow
through the help of volunteers who distribute goods such as food, clothing, medical
supplies, services, and the other aid that can help the other individuals. The same
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has been advocated by Espina et al., The affected individuals are expecting the help
organization which also provides relief goods operation. The relief items are packed
based on the needs of the affected victims with the help of PRC’s staff and volunteers
in such a way that the distribution may be facilitated. Relief goods may come in the
form of food items and non-food items such as ready-to-eat meals, food packs,
hygiene kit, sleeping kit, kitchen set, water container, tarpaulins, tents, or cash
depending on the needs of each disaster-affected families. PRC also provides medical
and transportation of relief goods such as: lack of vehicles and volunteers,
misinformation about the demand of goods, lack of storage facility, shortage of relief
have to deal with assigning supply and demand to destinations by the use of
transportation. This must be done through immediate action to reach the victims that
goods to the victims of the calamity and to improve the relief goods distribution of The
Ms. Ria S. Rivera stated that the Philippine Red Cross offers logistics such as man
resources, fleet, and relief goods or materials. The process of their humanitarian
operations is divided into three. The first one is the procurement process where getting
of raw materials could be purchased or solicited. The second one is the inventory
process where the storage of materials occurs. The last one is the transportation
process where relief goods are distributed to the designated areas. Seventy (70)
percent of the affected victims are being assisted by the government while thirty (30)
percent are assisted by Philippine Red Cross. During the election code, Philippine
mandate to attain the process of their logistics effectively. In the procurement process
they purchase or they solicit in-cash or in-kind to replenish the stocks of the inventory.
In the inventory process, they first check all the details of the solicited materials from
the expiration date to the packaging itself. Foods that are expected to expire in the
next six months are no longer accepted and disposed of immediately making sure that
the food and clothes that are being distributed are meticulously inspected. In the
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transportation process, Philippine Red Cross Rizal Chapter ensures timely and
effective relief assistance to the affected population making use of their delivery
vehicles. If the branches of Philippine Red Cross need more sources of transportation
Philippines Red Cross believe that a delay in humanitarian programs may cost a life.
It is important to minimize the errors of the operations given that humans can only
survive without food and water for a definite number of days, thus it is crucial to
affected areas.
the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch in its relief goods distribution program.
The plan will be made through the use of a Linear Programming as a tool to minimize
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1
The figure above shows the schematic diagram of the study. The input shows
the gathering of data in distribution and transportation of Philippine Red Cross Rizal
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Province Branch. After we gather the data, we will use the OR tool Linear
Programming in the process. Linear Programming will help to optimize from the
inventory to the distribution of the relief goods. And last, the output is better relief
Theoretical Framework
This study will use Linear Programming to solve the Transportation Problem
of PRC dealing with the distribution of its relief goods from PRC Rizal Province
solving tool that helps decision-makers in planning and resource allocation such as
follows:
for solving linear programming problems (also called LP). Since the
and trucking. In a survey of Fortune 500 firms, 85% of the respondents said
decisions to be made.
Problem, where its objective is to minimize the cost of distribution of goods from the
usual simplex method is not suitable for solving transportation problems. These
problems require a special method of solution. (Tulsian& Pandey, 2006). The sources
of the transportation problem in this study are the stockroom from which goods are
discharged. While the destinations are the affected areas to which goods are sent.
The transportation problem will achieve the optimal solution of the objective
function that demonstrates the overall measure of performance for the problem.
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 7
The problem of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch related to the
distribution of its relief goods and services is the highlight of this research. Specifically,
1. What is the profile of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch in terms of:
Manpower
Satellite Offices
Distribution vehicles
Items to be distributed
Location of distribution
a) Supply
b) Demand
4. What is the current distribution of The Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province
5. What is the proposed distribution of The Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province
Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the proposed relief goods
Hypothesis
logistics of the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the
logistics of the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the
receiving relief goods for the victims, to save more lives, to lessen the worries of the
affected residents.
Philippine Red Cross. This research study will provide a better relief goods
distribution plan.
Researchers. This research study will help enhance the knowledge of the
researchers in Industrial Engineering subjects and to help them analyze real life
situations.
can be used for further research and development that is related to humanitarian
Scope
The study focuses on the relief goods distribution and transportation of PRC
in Rizal Province during 2018. The researchers would like to attain a better relief
Transportation problem.
Limitation
The limitations of this study is the data about the cost of donations of relief
goods and the distribution of relief goods in the preceding years of 2018.
Delimitation
transportation. The researchers will only focus on the third process which is the
Transportation and will study the PRC’s relief goods distribution of Rizal Chapter.
Out of the eight branches under Rizal Chapter, the researchers selected one branch
which is Rizal Province Branch. Furthermore, the researchers delimited the study by
Definition of Terms
affected families. These vehicles includes cars, trucks, military trucks, etc.
Boni Avenue.
PRC Rizal Chapter. The mini-headquarters of Philippine Red Cross and the
only chapter that has branches such as: Makati Branch, Mandaluyong Branch,
purchase or they solicit in-cash or in-kind to replenish the stocks of the inventory.
CHAPTER II
This chapter discusses the studies and concepts related to the study. This
Emergency
There are some authors who discuss about the humanitarian emergencies and
natural disasters and how will the government response in this situation. Nezih Altay
& Walter G. Green III, Mei- Shiang Chang et al, and JM Albala Betrand (2010) stated
that disasters are large intractable problems that test the ability of commodities and
involving government and different public and private settings. Because much of this
helps one appreciate that the definition of disaster is dynamic and is particularly
influenced by political actors and forces. The author concluded that it is a big challenge
According to Dennis Mileti, disaster stem from more than simply “unexpected
environment (earth quakes, floods, etc.), the social and demographic characteristics
of the localities that experience them (population, population density, economic level
Yet disaster also challenge the operation, resilience, competence and responsiveness
disasters, there can be some significant interference with society and therefore
institutional change arising from both the impact effects and the responses, but this is
infrequent, mostly incidental and not normally widespread or long-term. However the
response to this calamity is also bound to cause significant interference with society,
Humanitarian Logistics
logistics in their research. According to the study of R.E. Overstreet et al. (2013), in
a humanitarian crisis review of the last four decades, Kent (2004) concluded that
humanitarian operations have become big business and a major concern in the
international community. Other authors have stated that these operations are
large part the success of any humanitarian operation is directly attributable to the
supplies to the right place quickly. According to Anisya Thomas, logistics or supply
Also, a research by the Fritz Institute defined that humanitarian logistics is the
process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and
storage of goods and materials, as well as related information, from the point of origin
to the point of consumption for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of vulnerable
clearance (Thomas and Kopczak, 2005, p. 2). The Fritz institute suggests that logistics
is the central for relief for several reasons. First, logistics serves as a bridge between
of local transport conditions. Second, the speed of response for major humanitarian
the site of a humanitarian relief effort. And third, since the logistics department is
usually involved in every stage of a relief effort, it is a rich repository of data that can
are used in the transportation of relief goods and routing of vehicles through
interviews and publications of aid organizations and literature reviews. Their review
was classified under four different titles: 1) Objective functions whch involve
minimizing the cost, unsatisfied demands, latest arrival, total response time, and
and 4) The selection of test data whether it is taken from real disasters or not. Guler
2017, mentioned that when planning future routes, the availability of vehicles, supply
and demand can be a challenge due to uncertanties for a single period routing.
In the study of Duyag et al., it was stated that various operations research
modeling techniques can be utilized to optimize and increase the efficiency of relief
goods distribution post disasters. Lei, F., (2007) mentioned that dynamic
Lin, Y. H., Batta, R., Rogerson, P. A., Blatt, A., & Flanigan, M. (2011)
proposed a logistical model for delivery of prioritized items in relief operations. The
multi objective integer model considered various commodities with multi vehicle
modes in a period phased system that features a split delivery strategy scenario. Na,
L., & Zhi, L. (2009) analyzed that social cost can be minimized by identifying the
potential supply points in the affected area where supplies can be sent to deliver to
other facilities nearby. The deprivation cost, which refers to the amount of demand
met by the system, is also considered. They show various types of emergency
deliver to disaster ridden locations. The objective function of the model considers to
minimize the total time taken to accomplish the distribution assuming that all the
about transportation problem. In the study of Khan (2014), Linear Programming is also
way to get the best result such as maximization of profit and minimization of cost in a
various fields of study. Industries that use linear programming models include
a number of destinations.
In the study of Khan (2014), he stated that minimizing the transportation cost
will result in increased profitability. While in the study of Baraka and et.al, they
acknowledge that selecting an appropriate transportation model could save time and
money, and ultimately save lives. Both study concluded that using Linear
Programming is very helpful in optimizing a model and to solve cost, time and other
transportation problem.
Synthesis
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 16
government. This supported the study of Nezih Altay et. al, where they both
performing humanitarian logistics. Sylves stated also that disasters are intractable
humanitarian logistics is the process of planning and controlling the flow of goods.
This study relates to Thomas et. al where they stated that humanitarian logistics
tracking. Lin, Y.H., Batta R. Et. Al stated that various operations research modeling
techniques can be utilized to optimize and increase the efficiency of relief goods
distribution in post disasters. Different authors have imposed the use of Linear
the study of Khan and Baraka et. al, Linear Programming was used in optimizing
models to solve cost, time and transportation problem. Similarly, Baraka et. al added
designed to help decision-makers in planning and resource allocation. Na, L. & Zhi,
L mentioned that social cost can be minimized by identifying the potential supply
points in the affected area where supplies can be sent to be delivered to other
facilities nearby. Lin, Y.H., Batta R. Et. Al also analyzed that the objective function of
the model considers to minimize the total time taken to accomplish time distribution.
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
with PRC. The researchers used secondary data for their research. Secondary data
means data that are already available. The researchers used literature review as their
The researchers used descriptive research design to identify the profile of the
Philippines Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the characteristics of the operation
in relief goods distribution and also used comparative research design to answer the
difference between the current and proposed distribution plan in terms of cost.
The researchers gathered the data by asking permission from the Philippine
Red Cross (PRC) Mandaluyong Branch to conduct a study about their Relief Goods
Distribution System. The researchers had an interview with the branch administrator,
Ms. Ria S. Rivera, about the humanitarian assistance program and the problems that
occur in their system. The researchers found that the data from Mandaluyong Branch
was insufficient for the study. For this reason, the researchers went to the PRC
National to request a data that would comply the research and asked permission to
Services (DMS) of PRC National. On August 7, 2018, PRC National scheduled the
researchers to have an interview with Mr. Erickson Evasco, the Logistic Officer of DMS
about the general information of its humanitarian logistics and about the relief goods
distribution during Typhoon Vinta in Mindanao last December 2017. However, the
researchers were unable to establish the study due to their inability to visit Mindanao.
On November 28, 2018 the researchers went to PRC Mandaluyong Branch to once
again ask permission for an interview. But Ms. Ria S. Rivera was newly designated at
PRC Rizal Chapter which is located at Pasig City. We were advised and approved to
have an interview at PRC Rizal Chapter. Last January 14, 2019, Ms. Ria S. Rivera
about relief goods distribution in Rizal Province for an interview. In order to attain all
the data that are need for the study, the researcher visited PRC Rizal Province Branch
South Office in Antipolo City last April 23, 2019. On the said date, Mr. Geocar Ian
Malcampo and Mr. Marvin Joy Santos provided data and information about DMS to
the researchers.
Research Instrument
The researchers have conducted multiple interviews and humbly asked for
Microsoft Excel
This software is used to organize the data, solving the cost per unit of
QM for Windows
of relief goods.
Google Maps
The following computations will be used in this study to analyze and evaluate
the data:
Linear Programming
(1)
Demand constraints:
(2)
Supply constraints:
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(3)
Where:
dj = demand at destination j;
T-test
The T-test analyze the significant difference between the computed data
x̅ − 𝜇
𝑡=𝜎
⁄ 𝑛
√
Where:
t = computed t value
𝑥̅ = current distribution cost
𝜇 = proposed distribution cost
σ = standard deviation
n = number of destination
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE
CHAPTER IV
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
1. The profile of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch in terms of:
Table 1 shows the profile of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Chapter in terms
of manpower, satellite offices and distribution vehicle. The PRC Rizal Chapter is
one of the chapter offices of Red Cross in the Philippines that is located at 611
(waterlily), fire, Habagat and Typhoon Ompong. It explains the quantity and
Cardona, Rizal. Lambac and Subay is located in island, the PRC used boat to
distribute relief goods in the said area. The rest of the operations occurred in
2018 is by land. On February 15, and April 21, PRC distributed relief goods to
Sitio Matao and San Francisco respectively due to fire incident. On August 15,
2018 the PRC distributed relief goods to different areas in Jala Jala, Rizal, 1 st
and 2nd district, Barangay Lubo and Barangay Bagumbong during Habagat
incident and the next day they distributed to Barangay Sipsipin, Barangay 3 rd
District and Barangay Punta. On August 18 and 21, food items were distributed
The operation of relief goods distribution of all chapter and branch offices of
the Philippine Red Cross follows the same standard. The branch that covers
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 23
the affected area is responsible for utilizing the operation. The initial step in
affected families, what kind of disaster occurred, and what kind of relief
should be provided. PRC also coordinates with the LGU and other
goods that usually takes place at schools, court, and evacuation centers.
PRC prioritizes the most vulnerable affected families. The last process is
Table 3 shows the distribution operation of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Branch
in terms of cost during the Habagat and Typhoon Ompong happened between
August and September 2018. Where A is South Rizal Office (Antipolo) and B
respectively.The Transportation cost per unit are in the upper right side of each
cells. The quantity of relief goods that are distributed from warehouse to certain
destination are located at the center of each cells. During this operation South
Rizal Office distributed 616 goods while East Rizal Office distributed 25 goods.
The relief goods that are demanded in each destination are 26, 70, 75, 205,
231, and 35 respectively. Kabisig is under the East Rizal Office that is why it is
the only area distributed by the said office while the other destinations it under
Table 4 shows the optimized table of transportation cost. The standard number of
supplies by South Rizal is 450 and East Rizal is 200. The supply must be equal to the
Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the proposed relief
T-Value T- Computed
The table shows that there is a significant difference between the current
distribution plan of the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Chapter and the proposed
CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings
1. The PRC Rizal Chapter has 89 employees and has an L300 and an
Branch. The Rizal Branch- Antipolo (South Rizal Office) has two satellite
offices: West Rizal Office and East Rizal Office. Their use of transportation is
an L300.
and Typhoon Ompong in terms of items distributed are hygiene kit, blanket,
and food items where it was transported to Tanay, Teresa, Cainta and Jala-
Jala Municipalities.
3. The relief goods distribution operation starts with assessment which identifies
the number of casualties and what kind of relief is needed. The distribution of
relief goods where held in a specific place/s mostly designated by the LGU.
4. The South Rizal office which is located in Antipolo distributed more relief
goods than East Rizal because it is the main office of PRC Rizal Branch.
5. The optimized table indicates that East Rizal Branch should distribute relief
goods to the affected areas like Kabisig, Bayugo, Punta and Teresa. This will
statistically different.
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 27
Conclusions
1. The three offices of the PRC Rizal Branch handles the nearest municipalities
to them.
2. PRC prioritizes the most vulnerable affected areas and the relief that they will
distribute must not duplicate to the other reliefs given by the LGUs and other
volunteers.
3. The PRC should have assessment and decide their actions or operation
immediately.
4. The offices in Rizal Branch distribute relief goods to their coverage areas. If
there is insufficient number of relief they will ask help to other office or branch.
5. The result in the table indicates that East Rizal Office (Taytay) can also give
relief goods to Kabisig, Bayugo, Punta and Teresa even if it is out of its
coverage area.
6.
Recommendations
Offices.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 27
REFERENCES
A.BOOKS
B.JOURNALS
Caglar Utku Guler and Murat Ermjs (2017). OR/MS Studies on Post-
Disaster Stage Relief Item Logistic: Complimentary. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/OR-MS-reviews-related-to-relief-
item-and-emergency-logistics_fig1_318373946/amp.
C. WEBSITE
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 28
Red Cross (2018). The Philippine Red Cross. Available from The Philippine
Red Cross, https://www.redcross.org.ph/about-
us/?fbclid=IwAR0DhdhGRI0u848EwetkdoUDNct7fMhSAdzuWx_T0RV
X_HT56n39922-uEY
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE
CURRICULUM
VITAE
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 29
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 22 years old
Birthday: January 5, 1997
Birthplace: Mandaluyong City
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Aglipayan
ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION
VIRAY, RENNAIL V.
___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION