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While calculating the insulation requirement of piping
system, for pipes we calculate it by volume of hollow
cylinder formula.
Does anybody know of any standards for calculation the
Volume of pipe fittings like 90 deg. elbows, 45 deg elbows
Etc.
Ans: You don't need calculus, simple geometrical calculations
will do!
Volume of a Torus is PI*D times the Area of C/S, in this case
it is
a Hollow Circular Torus, thus
Formula for volume of a Hollow Circular Torus is
[PI*D] * PI * (d1^2 d2^2) / 4
OR
PI^2 * D * (d1^2 d2^2) / 4
Where D = Mean Bend Radius (@ centerline)
d1 = Outside Diameter (OD of Elbow/Pipe + Insulation thk.)
d2 = Inside Diameter (OD of Elbow/Pipe)
Divide the value by 4 for 90° bends, by 8 for 45° bends & so
on. . .
2. PWHT REQUIREMENT FOR DISSIMILAR THICKNESS WELDS
Para. 328.5 (f) Welding End Valves
Para. 331.1.3 Governing thickness (pertaining to heat
treatment)
Table 331.1.1 PWHT
You r using E6010, this means the base metal fall within
the P1 grouping carbon steel. E6010 is OK for root but
I'll suggest E7018 for fill and cap. For a Pipe wall thick
of 21.45 mm, I m afraid that PWHT is necessary. We have
successfully welded a lot of the heavy schedule butt weld
end valve (the likes of pressure seal, stop check valve or
bolted bonnet) followed by stress relieving and have not
experience damage to the seat (I thrust the valve
manufacturer is aware of this req't).
If the piping is already inservice, you may want to
checkout NBIC ANSI/NB23 Part RC1102 Alternative to PWHT
methods.
There's always a risk associated with waiving stress relief
therefore I advise caution. Damage to valve seat can always
be repaired (such as the use Climax) before commissioning
the line. But a crack on a full penetration weld on a live
line that may propagate later can be very nasty. Do take
care of the weld joint preparation dissimilar thickness.
My I suggest that you call a meeting between yourself,
welder, inspector, metallurgist and your stress relief
contractor.
3. In one of our projects, we want to weld a 24" butt weld
valve pup piece with a 24" pipe. The thickness of pup piece
is 14.3mm and the thickness of the pipe is 21.45 mm. We want
to avoid PWHT to avoid distortion of valve seats.
The welding electrode we are using is E 6010 for root
welding.
Applicable code for piping is B31.3 Can anybody suggest any
clause in the code to avoid PWHT. Or any other
possibility (like by using different electrode) to avoid
this.
Ans: Valve 14.9 pup 21.45 pipe
Is this the arrangement? 14.27 mm is sch 30 and 24.61 is
sch60. If Sch30 will be able to sustain the load then it
follows that it’s your limiting component. If this is the
case, then the butt weld end of the valve that has
been ordered should match the 14.27 mm wall thick of the pipe
then your worry is over. In case the valve is existing and
the spool was a subject to modification, I have to assume
that the butt weld end of the valve matches the sch60 wall
thickness. If this is the case then the pup piece is a makeup
spool sandwiched between the valve and the sch60 pipe. Next
question what's with 14.27?
An API600 24"300" valve will have a faceto face dim of 45
inch. Plenty of room to perform a pwht without damage to the
valve seat. 600# is about 55 inch no worry at all. Note
that if the valve body is over 1" then you still have to
contend with pwht with or without the pup piece. Apply a blue
dye on valve seat and if its ok perform a hydro . Else
machine the seat (routine in most workshops).
I agree with Steve. Welding a short piece of pipe on both end
and having a supplier do it for you in our book is still a
nonconforming material. If you let this happen you don’t
really care about material traceability, test certificates
and mill test report. Heck why even worry about the effect of
Pwht?
Other comments: Valve specified to either API 600 or B16.34
is not manufactured with a welded piece of pipe. If it does,
then a mods/alteration has been performed then what you got
is a repaired valve and there's a chance it’s been used
Before and that the seats are worn and it’s been lying in a
bone yard for quite some period of time. If the supplier
can’t produce traceability and test certs then I will not
even consider it.
I normally specify a flexwedge disc for gate over 6 NPS. If
the service is a critical/severe then I will select an API
Trim No. 8 (hard faced). Factored in the rating (which
determine the face to face dimension),sourced the valve from
a quality maker, throw in API 598 plus PMI as a req't and
used only a qualified WPS and welder then probability of
damage to the seat is almost nil. I still would like to know
what's with the 14.27 mm pup piece I mean why not sch60?