ARYA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
SAMPLE GUESS PAPER SOLUTIONS
(Containing Important Theory & Numerical Questions)

(III B. Tech. VI Semester 2018- 2019)

6EE4A – ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS

Unit 1:
Q. 1 Describe the operation of 3-phase, 3-wire AC thyristor controlled with neat power diagram and V-I
waveforms.

Q.2 Explain the principle of ON-OFF control for single phase full wave controller.

Q. 3 Explain 1-phase AC Voltage regulator with R loads and obtain the output voltage waveforms.
Q. 4 A single phase full wave controller supplies an RL load. The input voltage VS = 120v, 60Hz. Load is
such that R=2.5 ohm and L=6.5 Mh. The delay angle of thyristor are alpha-1=alpha-2=pi/2
Determine;
i. Conduction angle of thyristor
ii. RMS output voltage
iii. RMS thyristor current
iv. RMS output current
Average current of thyristor

Q. 5 Explain Ac voltage controller with PWM control.

Q. 6 A 3-phase full wave controller supplies a star connected load of R= 10 ohm and line to line input voltage is
208 V(RMS), 60Hz. The delay angle is alpha=pi/3 Determine;

i. RMS output phase voltage , Input power factor

Unit 2:
Q. 1 Show that the fundamental rms value of per phase output voltage of low frequency for an m-pulse
cycloconverter is given by

Q. 2 Explain the circuit diagram and waveforms of step up bridge type single phase cycloconverter. .

Q. 3 Explain the operation of 3-phase to 3-phase cycloconverters with circuits arrangements.

Q. 4 A single phase bridge type cycloconverter has input voltage 230V, 50 Hz and 10 ohm resistive load. Output
frequency is is one-third of input frequency. For firing angle of 30 degree calculate;
i. RMS value of output voltage
ii. RMS current of each converter
iii. RMS current of each thyristor
iv. Input power factor3 meters away from the vertical axis

Q. 5 Discuss the operation of three phase to single phase cycloconverter.

Q. 6 Explain the circuit diagram and waveforms of Step Down bridge type single phase cycloconverter.
Unit 3:

Q. 1 Explain the working of single phase full wave bridge inverter with suitable waveform.

Q. 2 Explain the working of three phase inverter under 180 degree mode with suitable waveform.

Q. 3 Explain any two types of voltage control in single phase inverter..

Q. 4 Explain the working of three phase inverter under 120 degree mode with suitable waveform.

Q. 5. Give the comparison of CSI and VSI.

Q. 6 Explain PWM technique of harmonic reduction.

Unit 4:
Q. 1 Give the explanation of series resonant inverter with unidirectional switches.

Q. 2 Explain the operation of Parallel resonant inverter.

Q. 3 Explain the operation of Class-E resonant inverter.

Q. 4 Explain the operation of L-type ZCS inverter.

Q. 5 Explain the operation of Series resonant inverter.

Q. 6 Explain ZVS resonant converter.

Unit 5:
Q. 1 Explain the working of switched mode DC power supplies with circuit diagram.

Q. 2 Explain the operation of full bridge converter with suitable diagram and waveform.

Q. 3 What is a Switched mode DC power supply and what are their types?

Q. 4 Short note on followings;

i) Fly-back Converter
ii) Forward Converter

Q. 5 Explain the operation of multistage converter with suitable circuit diagram.

Q. 6 Explain bidirectional AC power supplies
 UNIT-1
Q. 1 Describe the operation of 3-phase, 3-wire AC thyristor controller with neat power diagram and V-I
waveforms.

Three-phase, Three-wire AC Regulator with Balanced Resistive Load

The circuit of a three-phase, three-wire ac regulator (termed as ac to ac voltage
converter) with balanced resistive (star-connected) load is shown in Fig. 1. It may be
noted that the resistance connected in all three phases are equal. Two thyristors
connected back to back are used per phase, thus needing a total of six thyristors.
Please note the numbering scheme, which is same as that used in a three-phase full-
wave bridge converter or inverter, described in module 2 or 5.
The thyristors are fired in sequence (Fig.2), starting from 1 in ascending order, with
the angle between the triggering of thyristors 1 & 2 being 60° (one-sixth of the time
period (T) of a complete cycle). The line frequency is 50 Hz, with T=1/f=20ms. The
thyristors are fired or triggered after a delay of a from the natural commutation point.
The natural commutation point is the starting of a cycle with period, (60°=T/6) of
output voltage waveform, if six thyristors are replaced by diodes. Note that the
output voltage is similar to phase-controlled waveform for a converter, with the
difference that it is an ac waveform in this case.
The current flow is bidirectional, with the current in one direction in the positive half,
and then, in other (opposite) direction in the negative half. So, two thyristors
connected back to back are needed in each phase. The turning off of a thyristor
occurs, if its current falls to zero. To turn the thyristor on, the anode voltage must be
higher that the cathode voltage, and also, a triggering signal must be applied at its
gate.

The waveforms of the input voltages, the conduction angles of thyristors and the
output voltage of one phase, for firing delay angles (a) of (a) and (b) are shown in Fig.
2. For 0°= a = 60° (∏/6), immediately before triggering of thyristor 1, two thyristors (5
& 6) conduct. Once thyristor 1 is triggered, three thyristors (1, 5 & 6) conduct. As
stated earlier, a thyristor turns off, when the current through it goes to zero. The
conditions alternate between two and three conducting thyristors.
At any time only two thyristors conduct for 60°.= a = 90°. Although two thyristors
conduct at any time for 90° = a = 150° , there are periods, when no thyristors are on.
For a =150°, there is no period for which two thyristors are on, and the output voltage
becomes zero at a=150°(5∏/6). The range of delay angle is 0°=a=150°
Q.2 Explain the principle of ON-OFF control for single phase full wave controller.
Q. 3 Explain 1-phase AC Voltage regulator with R loads and obtain the output voltage waveforms.
Q. 4 A single phase full wave controller supplies an RL load. The input voltage VS = 120v, 60Hz. Load is
such that R=2.5 ohm and L=6.5 Mh. The delay angle of thyristor are alpha-1=alpha-2=pi/2
Determine;
i. Conduction angle of thyristor
ii. RMS output voltage
iii. RMS thyristor current
iv. RMS output current
Q. 5 Explain Ac voltage controller with PWM control.
Q. 6 A 3-phase full wave controller supplies a star connected load of R= 10 ohm and line to line input voltage is
208 V(RMS), 60Hz. The delay angle is alpha=pi/3 Determine;

RMS output phase voltage , Input power factor

UNIT-2
Q. 1 Show that the fundamental rms value of per phase output voltage of low frequency for an m-pulse
cycloconverter is given by
Q. 2 Explain the circuit diagram and waveforms of step up bridge type single phase cycloconverter.

ANS:
Q. 3 Explain the operation of 3-phase to 3-phase cycloconverters with circuits arrangements.
ANS:
Q. 4 A single phase bridge type cycloconverter has input voltage 230V, 50 Hz and 10 ohm resistive load. Output
frequency is is one-third of input frequency. For firing angle of 30 degree calculate;
i. RMS value of output voltage
ii. RMS current of each converter
iii. RMS current of each thyristor
iv. Input power factor3 meters away from the vertical axis
Q. 5 Discuss the operation of three phase to single phase cycloconverter.

ANS:
 Q. 6 Explain the circuit diagram and waveforms of Step Down bridge type single phase cycloconverter.

ANS:
 UNIT-3
Q. 1 Explain the working of single phase full wave bridge inverter with suitable waveform.

In this circuit four switches are used and the DC supply centre-tap is not required. Switches Q1 and Q2 are
switched together while switches Q3 and Q4 are switched together alternately to Q1 and Q2 in a
complementary manner. The four feedback diodes D1-D4 conduct currents as indicated in the figure
below.The output load voltage alternates between +Vs when Q1 and Q2 are on and -Vs when Q3 and Q4
are on, irrespective of the direction of current flow. It is assumed that the load current does not become
discontinuous at any time. In the following analysis we assume that the load current does not become
discontinuous at any time, same as for the half-bridge circuit.

The output RMS voltage

The fundamental RMS output voltage obtained from

Fourier series of output voltage

1. Bridge inverters are preferred over other arrangements in higher power ratings
2. With the same dc input voltage, output voltage is twice that of the half-bridge inverter
Q. 2 Explain the working of three phase inverter under 180 degree mode with suitable waveform.
Q. 3 Explain any two types of voltage control in single phase inverter.
Q. 4 Explain the working of three phase inverter under 120 degree mode with suitable
waveform.
 Q. 5. Give the comparison of CSI and VSI.

VSI CSI
VSI is fed from a DC voltage source CSI is fed with adjustable current from a DC
having small or negligible impedance. voltage source of high impedance.
The input current is constant
Input voltage is maintained constant
but adjustable.
Output voltage does not dependent on the The amplitude of output current is independent of
load the load.
The waveform of the load current as well The magnitude of output voltage and its waveform
as its magnitude depends upon the nature depends upon the nature of the load impedance.
of load impedance.

VSI requires feedback diodes The CSI does not require any feedback diodes.
Commutation circuit is simple as it contains only
The commutation circuit is complicated
capacitors.
Power BJT, Power MOSFET, IGBT,
They cannot be used as these devices have to
GTO with self commutation can be used
withstand reverse voltage
in the circuit.

Q. 6 Explain PWM technique of harmonic reduction.

 UNIT-4
Q. 1 Give the explanation of series resonant inverter with unidirectional switches.
Q. 2 Explain the operation of Parallel resonant inverter.
Q. 3 Explain the operation of Class-E resonant inverter.
Q. 4 Explain the operation of L-type ZCS inverter.
Q. 5 Explain the operation of Series resonant inverter.
Q. 6 Explain ZVS resonant converter.
 UNIT-5
Q. 1 Explain the working of switched mode DC power supplies with circuit diagram.
Switch mode power supplies (SMPSs) are used in a range of applications as an efficient
and effective source of power. This is in major part to their efficiency. For anybody still
working on a desktop, look for the fan output in the central processing units (CPU).
That’s where the SMPS is. SMPS offers advantages in terms of size, weight, cost,
efficiency and overall performance. These have become an accepted part of electronics
gadgets. Basically, it is a device in which energy conversion and regulation is provided
by power semiconductors that are continuously switching “on” and “off” with high
frequency.
DC-DC converter

The primary power received from AC main is rectified and filtered as high voltage DC.
It is then switched at a huge rate of speed and fed to the primary side of the step-down
transformer. The step-down transformer is only a fraction of the size of a comparable 50
Hz unit thus relieving the size and weight problems. We have the filtered and rectified
output at the secondary side of the transformer. It is now sent to the output of the power
supply. A sample of this output is sent back to the switch to control the output voltage.

Q. 2 Explain the operation of full bridge converter with suitable diagram and
waveform.
Q. 3 What is a Switched mode DC power supply and what are their types?

The different kinds

 DC to DC Converter
 Forward Converter
 Flyback Converter
 Self-Oscillating Flyback Converter
DC-DC converter

The primary power received from AC main is rectified and filtered as high voltage DC.
It is then switched at a huge rate of speed and fed to the primary side of the step-down
transformer. The step-down transformer is only a fraction of the size of a comparable 50
Hz unit thus relieving the size and weight problems. We have the filtered and rectified
output at the secondary side of the transformer. It is now sent to the output of the power
supply. A sample of this output is sent back to the switch to control the output voltage.

Forward converter

In a forward converter, the choke carries the current when the transistor is conducting as
well as when it’s not. The diode carries the current during the OFF period of the
transistor. Therefore, energy flows into the load during both the periods. The choke
stores energy during the ON period and also passes some energy into the output load.

Flyback converter

In a flyback converter, the magnetic field of the inductor stores energy during the ON
period of the switch. The energy is emptied into the output voltage circuit when the
switch is in the open state. The duty cycle determines the output voltage.

This is the most simple and basic converter based on the flyback principle. During the
conduction time of the switching transistor, the current through the transformer primary
starts ramping up linearly with the slope equal to Vin/Lp. The voltage induced in the
secondary winding and the feedback winding make the fast recovery rectifier reverse
biased and hold the conducting transistor ON. When the primary current reaches a peak
value Ip, where the core begins to saturate, the current tends to rise very sharply. This
sharp rise in current cannot be supported by the fixed base drive provided by the
feedback winding. As a result, the switching begins to come out of saturation.
Q. 4 Short note on followings;
i) Fly-back Converter
ii) Forward Converter

Mode-I: Powering Mode

The forward converter said to be in powering mode when the transistor is in ON state. In this
condition, the supply voltage is connected to the primary side winding of the transformer and also
diode D1 gets forward biased in this condition. Diode D2 will not conduct in this condition, as it
will remain reversed biased. Both the windings starts conducting simultaneously when transistor is
in ON state. The output at the secondary side of the transformer depends upon the turn ratio (Np /
Ns) of the transformer. And, this output voltage is applied to the secondary circuit, which consists
of L-C filter. The maximum received output voltage, in case of ideal transformer, at the load will
be:
Mode-II: Freewheeling Mode
The forward converter said to be in Freewheeling Mode when the transistor is in OFF state. As the
transistor turns off, the current of windings of transformer falls to zero (ideally). D1 will be
reversed biased in this condition, therefore separates the output section of circuit from the
transformer and the input. However, the inductor at the secondary side maintains a continuous flow
of current through the freewheeling diode D2. As the input is separated, there is no power flow
from the input, but still the load voltage is maintained nearly constant by the charged capacitor and
the inductor. Stored energy in the inductor and the capacitor slowly dissipates into the load.
Q. 5 Explain the operation of multistage converter with suitable circuit diagram.
Q. 6 Explain bidirectional AC power supplies