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Germany, 2004
when it is compared with the conventional NPC four-level A,= modulating wave peak-to-peak amplitude
inverter. The problem of selecting clamped diodes with fm= modulating wave frequency = SO Hz
higher reverse voltage blocking rating, as it is required for A,,,,A,,, A , , = upper, medium and lower carrier waves
conventional NPC inverter, is avoided because clamping peak-to-peak amplitudes
diodes are not needed in the proposed topology. f , = carrier wave frequency = 1950 Hz.
02004 IEEE.
0-7803-8399-0/04/$20.00 4398
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2004 351h Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialisrs Conference Aachen, Germany, 2004
Switchingstrategy 9
- 60 I
.- . iW-1,*
~.._I-”..I re,* ..___
~
TABLE I
ALTERNATIVE SWITCH COMBINATIONS
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2004 35lh A n n u l IEEE Power Electronics Specialisrs Conference Aachen, Germany, 2 w 4
g
TABLEIV
TABLE I1 SWITCH DUTY RATIOS FOR EACH VOLTAGE LEVEL A N 0 REGION
SWITCHIN0 STATES OF THEPROPOSED 4-LEVEL INVERTEX
Voltage Switch Duty Ratios
LCVCl
on
off
TABLE 111
SWITCHING STATES OF THE CONVENTIONAL NPC &LEVEL MVERTER
.e a
0
-vdIp
Where:
iL = Imaxmu cos 0 'p (-1 (6)
= the fundamental load current
(7)
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2004 351k Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference A a c k n , Germany, 2004
TABLE V
The duty ratio of each conducting device depends on the WORKING PARAMETERS FOR THEORETICAL AND
values of the load power factor, the modulation index a?d SIMULATION RESULTS
the output voltage level. Fig. 8 shows an example of .. I
I ^^^ ,..,
determining the conducting devices in relation to
fundamental output phase voltage and load current for
cosrp=0.2 and m,=0.6. Similar diagrams are constructed for
each load power factor and modulation index separately, in
order to determine the conducting devices and their
a 5 Ohms
I
corresponding duty ratios.
for switches (S,,+D,), (Sa~+D2), (S03+D3), (S03+Dj) and
(S,,+D7) are presented in Appendix 11. As it can be seen, the
.
*"'a ' '
I
v, ' '
WF.=."asl
' '1
theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation
results and thus the losses calculation method used for the
proposed hybrid multilevel inverter is verified. From the
results it is concluded that: (a) for power factors from 0.0 to
0.8 and modulation index smaller than 0.6, the device losses
increase with increasing the modulating index, while it is
independent fiom the power factor value, (h) for modulation
index greater than 0.6 the losses vary from device to device
and are depended on the power factor value, (c) for unity
power factor the losses increase with increasing the
modulation index for switches Sal to Sa4, while remain
nearly unchanged for all the other switches.
A comparison of the device losses between the proposed
and the conventional NPC four-level inverter for 0.8
inductive power factor is presented in fig. 9. From fig. 9, it
is noticed that the conventional inverter for modulation
index greater than 0.6 exhibits higher semiconductor losses
than the proposed inverter, which reaches to 18% for unity
modulation index.
Fig. 8. Conducting dcvices for one fundamental period
with m,=0.6 and eosrp-0.2. Total losses comparison
RESULTS
440 1
2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference Aachen, Germany, 2004
- 1 ._
-..”,- ..-,. /._ ..”/ *.”. ..~.
”-
I.0. ,y. .._. ,_...~,
. . .
(4
............................................... .” ..................
Fig. IO. Simulation resulls oE (a) outpuf phase voltage, (b) line-to-line
outpul voltagc and load eumnt, (c) line-tdine output volegc
specmm ofthe proposcd invertw (m,=l.O, m ~ 3 9 ) .
(4
Fig. 12. Experimcnlal rcsults of the blocking volragc
and eolleclor current for IGBTs Sa?(a,b) and
S,, (c,d)(100 Vidiv, I Aldiv).
. .
(b)
v. CONCLUSION
Fig. 11. Expximental results of:(a) output phase volwge,@) load In this paper was presented a novel four-level PWM
eumnt of the proposed invcncr ( 100 Vldiv, 0.5 Ndiv). hybrid inverter topology composed of a conventional two-
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2004 35rk Annual IEEE Power Elecrronics Specialisrs Conference Aachen. C e r m n y . 2004
4U.U
0.6
inverter. +wsphi=
2 20.0 0.5
APPENDIX I 0.0 %cosphi=
-.
0
0.
0
9
0
-0. oi
0
0.2
-*Cmsphi=
SWITCH COMBINATIONS OF POSSIBLE ma 0.0
SWITCHING STRATEGIES
Losses of Sa2+D2
80.0 3
60.0
= 40.0
20.0
0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 1
ma
Losses of Sa3+D3
60.0
Volt. Lev.
SalSa2
% 40.0
5 20.0
0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 1
ma
Losses of Sa5+D5
60.0 7
2 40.0
I20.0
0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 1
ma
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2004 35rk A n n u l IEEE Power Elecrronics Speciolisrs Conjerunce Aachen. Germany. 2004
60.0
3 40.0
s 20.0
60’o
I
O.O.,
3 , , I I , , , ,
g 40.0
E 20.0
0.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
ma ma
Losses of Sa7+D7
60.0
y) 40.0
Losses of Sal+Dl -cosphi- E
r n.- 9 20.0
60.0 -cosphi=
g 40.0 0.8 0.0
2 20.0 -cosphi= 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0.5 ma
0.0 -. 0. -0. c. 9
*cosphi=
0 0 0 0 0.2
-cosphi= Fig. 14. (Continucd)
ma
0.0
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