Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Active Transport- Exchange of materials inside cell membrane using ATP.

Carrier Protein- Proteins with binding sites that can grab certain molecules. Ch
anges shape to move molecule.
Cell Wall- Outside surfaces of plant, fungi, and bacteria cells. Made of cellulo
se.
Channel Protein- Protiens that form channels; allows small water-soluble molecul
es to pass through.
Concentration- Number of molecules in a given unit of volume.
Concentration Gradient- Differnece in concentration between on region and anothe
r.
Cytoplasm- Fluid like enviornment containing all the cell's contents, save the n
ucleus.
Desmosome- Junctions that hold adjacent cells together with proteins and carbohy
drates.
Differentially Permeable- Allow some molecules to pass, but hold others at bay.
Diffusion- Movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration.
Endocytosis- Surrounds molecule in a vesicle into the cytoplasm.
Exocytosis- Reverse of endocytosis.
Facilitated Diffusion- Passive transport with the use of transport proteins.
Fluid- Matter with the ability to flow.
Fluid Mosaic Model- Cell membrane model created in '72 by S.J. Singer and G.L. N
icolson.
Gap Junction- Cell-to-cell channels that allow hormonal and material transfer.
Glycoprotein- Proteins with carbohydrates attatched to them in the bilayer.
Gradient- Physical differnence between two areas that causes molecule movement.
Hypertonic- Net movement is out of the cell (water).
Hypotonic- Net movement is into the cell (water).
Isotonic- Net movement is equal (water)
Middle Lamella- layer made of pectin.
Osmosis- Diffusion of water (passive).
Passive Transport- Transport without expenditure of ATP.
Phagocytosis- Use of pseudopodia to bring large particles into the cell.
Phospholipid Bilayer- Main part of the cell membrane; fluid, yet solid. Flexible
.
Pinocytosis- Cell brings fluid into itself.
Plasma Membrane- Outer membrane of the cell. Three main functions:
1. Separate cell from fluid.
2. Regulate material exchange.
3. Communicate with other cells.
Plasmodesma- Connection holes in plant cell walls that allow communication, etc.
Primary Cell Wall- First layer of cellulose; original cell wall.
Pseudopod- Extensions of surface membrane.
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis- Concentrates only needed amounts of molecules int
o a cell.
Receptor Protein- Triggers responses in cell after certain molecules arrive at b
onding site.
Recognition Protein- Serve as identity tags at cell surface.
Secondary Cell Wall- 2nd Wall generated from secreted calcium and cellulose.
Simple Diffusion- Diffusion of nonpolar, small particles.
Tight Junction- Protein bands literally fuse cell membranes together.
Transport Protein- Regulate the movement of hydrophilic molecules through the me
mbrane.
Vesicle- Membranous sac used for transport.